Umqali uphenduka kabi
Kaningi isiqalisi siphenduka sibe sibi ngenxa yokushajwa kwebhethri eliphansi, ukuthintana phansi okungekuhle, ukuguga kwezihlahla emzimbeni wayo, ukuwohloka kwe-solenoid relay, isifunda esifushane se-stator noma i-rotor (armature) windings, ukuguga kwe-bendix, amabhulashi axegayo kumqoqi noma ukugqokwa kwawo okubalulekile. .
Izinyathelo zokulungisa eziyinhloko zingenziwa ngaphandle kokususa umhlangano esihlalweni sawo, noma kunjalo, uma lokhu kungasizi futhi isiqalisi siphenduka kanzima, kuzodingeka sihlakazwe futhi ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe kufanele kwenziwe nge-disassembly yayo, igxile ekugxileni kwayo okuyinhloko. ukuqhekeka.
| Siyini isizathu | Okufanele ukhiqize |
|---|---|
| Ibhethri elibuthakathaka | Hlola izinga lokushajwa kwebhethri, gcwalisa kabusha uma kunesidingo |
| Hlola isimo samatheminali ebhethri, uwahlanze ekungcoleni nama-oxides, futhi uwagcobe ngamafutha akhethekile. | |
| Ibhethri, isiqalisi noxhumana nabo baphansi | hlola othintana nabo ebhethri ngokwayo (i-torque eqinisayo), intambo yaphansi yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, izindawo zokuxhuma kusiqalisi. |
| Edluliselwe Solenoid | hlola i-relay windings nge-multimeter ye-electronic. Ku-relay esebenzayo, inani lokumelana phakathi kokujika ngakunye nomhlabathi kufanele libe ngu-1 ... 3 Ohm, futhi phakathi koxhumana nabo bamandla 3 ... 5 Ohm. Lapho ama-windings ehluleka, ama-relay ngokuvamile ayashintshwa. |
| Amabhulashi okuqala | Hlola izinga labo lokuguga. Uma ukugqoka kubalulekile, khona-ke amabhulashi adinga ukushintshwa. |
| Ama-bushings okuqala | Hlola isimo sabo, okungukuthi, ukuhlehla. Ukudlala okuvumelekile cishe ku-0,5 mm. Uma inani lokudlala lamahhala leqiwe, ama-bushings athathelwa indawo amasha. |
| I-Stator ne-rotor windings (izikhali) | Usebenzisa i-multimeter, udinga ukuwahlola ngesifunda esivulekile, kanye nokuba khona kwesifunda esifushane ecaleni kanye ne-interturn short circuit. Ama-windings angahlehlisa noma ashintshe isiqalisi. |
| Starter Bendix | Hlola isimo segiya le-bendix (ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezindala noma izimoto ezinamamayela aphezulu). Ngokugqokwa kwayo okubalulekile, udinga ukushintsha i-bendx ibe entsha. |
| amafutha | Hlola isimo kanye noketshezi lwamafutha usebenzisa i-dipstick. Uma amafutha ehlobo athululelwa ku-crankcase futhi aqina, khona-ke udinga ukudonsa imoto ebhokisini elifudumele futhi ushintshe amafutha lapho ebusika. |
| ukuthungela kusethwe ngokungalungile (kufanelekile ezimotweni ze-carburetor) | Kulokhu, udinga ukuhlola isikhathi sokuthungela futhi, uma kunesidingo, setha inani layo elilungile. |
| Iqembu lokuxhumana lelokhi yokuthungela | Hlola isimo kanye nekhwalithi yeqembu lokuxhumana noxhumo. Uma kunesidingo, qinisa othintana nabo noma shintsha iqembu loxhumana nabo ngokuphelele. |
| I-Crankshaft | Kungcono ukuphathisa ukuxilonga nokulungiswa kwemishini yemoto, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa kancane injini yomlilo yangaphakathi futhi uhlole isimo se-liners. |
Kungani i-starter iphenduka kabi?
Imvamisa, abanikazi bezimoto abahlangabezana nenkinga lapho isiqalisi siphenduka ngokuvilapha bacabanga ukuthi ibhethri "liyicala" (ukugqoka kwayo okubalulekile, ukushaja okunganele), ikakhulukazi uma isimo senzeka ezingeni lokushisa elibi. Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kwebhethri, kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani isiqalisi sijikelezisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isikhathi eside ukuyiqala.
- Ibhethri elishajekayo. Esimo sezulu esibandayo, amandla ebhethri ayancipha, futhi ikhiqiza amandla okuqala aphansi, ngezinye izikhathi akwanele ukuthi isiqalisi sisebenze ngokujwayelekile. futhi izizathu zokuthi kungani ibhethri ingavuli isiqalisi kahle kungaba othintana nabo ababi kumatheminali. okungukuthi, i-clamp embi kumabhawodi noma kumatheminali ebhethri ine-oxidation.
- Ukuxhumana okungalungile. Ngokuvamile ibhethri liyijikisa kabi isiqalisi ngenxa yokungathintani kahle kutheminali enegethivu ye-relay yokudonsa. Isizathu singase silele ekuthinteni okubuthakathaka (ukuqiniswa kukhululiwe) kanye nokungcoliswa kothintana naye uqobo (imvamisa i-oxidation yayo).
- I-starter bushings igqoka. Ukuguga kwemvelo kwama-starter bushings kuvame ukuholela ekudlaleni ekugcineni ku-starter shaft nokusebenza okuvilaphayo. Lapho i-axle iphenduka noma "iphuma" ngaphakathi kwendlu yokuqala, ukujikeleza kwe-shaft kuba nzima. Ngokufanelekile, isivinini sokuskrola i-flywheel yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi siyehla, futhi amandla kagesi engeziwe avela ebhethrini ayadingeka ukuze iliphothe.
- Inani le-bendix. Lesi akusona isizathu esivamile ukuthi i-starter ayijiki kahle uma ibhethri ishajwa, futhi itholakala kuphela ezimotweni ezine-mileage ephakeme, kuhlanganise nalezo izinjini zazo ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezivame ukuqaliswa futhi zivaliwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukuphila komqalisi. Isizathu sitholakala ekugqokeni kwe-banal ye-bendix - ukwehla kobubanzi be-roller esebenzayo emgodini, ukuba khona kwezindawo eziyisicaba ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-roller, ukugaya izindawo zokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushelela kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho i-torque idluliswa isuka ku-starter shaft iye enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto.
- Ukuthintwa okungalungile ekujikeni kwe-stator yesiqalisi. Lapho uqala i-starter kusuka kubhethri, i-current ebalulekile idlula kothintana naye, ngakho-ke, uma othintana naye esesimweni esibi sobuchwepheshe, izoshisa futhi ingase igcine inyamalala ngokuphelele (imvamisa iyathengiswa).
- Isifunda esifushane ku-stator noma i-rotor (armature) yokujika kwesiqalisi. okungukuthi, isifunda esifushane singaba izinhlobo ezimbili - ukuya phansi noma ecaleni kanye nokuphazamiseka. Ukuhlukaniswa okuvame kakhulu kokujika kwe-armature. Ungayihlola nge-multimeter ye-electronic, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa isiteji esikhethekile, esivame ukutholakala ezinsizeni zemoto ezikhethekile.
- Amabhulashi okuqala. inkinga eyisisekelo lapha ukulingana okuxekethile kwendawo yebhulashi endaweni ye-commutator. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kungabangelwa izizathu ezimbili. Esokuqala sibalulekile ukugqoka ibhulashi noma ukulimala komshini. Okwesibili - bheka futhi ukuhlinzekwa ngenxa yokugqoka kwe-bushing ukulimala kwendandatho ye-snap.
- Ukwehluleka ngokwengxenye kwe-solenoid relay. Umsebenzi wayo ukuletha futhi ibuyisele endaweni yayo igiya le-bendix. Ngakho-ke, uma i-relay retractor inephutha, izochitha isikhathi esiningi ukuze ilethe igiya le-Bendix futhi iqale isiqalisi.
- Ukusebenzisa amafutha e-viscous kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, ibhethri ayiguquli kahle isiqalisi ngenxa yokuthi uwoyela awugqinsi kakhulu usetshenziswa enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Kuthatha isikhathi namandla ebhethri amaningi ukupompa isisindo samafutha afriziwe.
- Ilokhi ye-Egnition. Ngokuvamile izinkinga zivela ngokuphulwa kwe-insulation ye-wiring. Ukwengeza, iqembu lokuxhumana lokukhiya lingase liqale ukushisa ngenxa yokuncipha kwendawo yokuxhumana, futhi ngenxa yalokho, okwamanje okuncane kunalokho okudingekayo kungase kuhambe ku-starter.
- I-Crankshaft. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isizathu sokuthi i-starter ingajiki kahle i-crankshaft kanye / noma izakhi zeqembu le-piston. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugcona phezu liners. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiqalisi sidinga amandla engeziwe ukuze siqale injini yomlilo yangaphakathi.
Abashayeli abaningi abakwenzi ukuxilongwa ngokugcwele futhi bajahile ukuthenga ibhethri elisha noma isiqalisi, futhi ngokuvamile lokhu akubasizi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungachithi imali, kufanelekile ukuthola ukuthi kungani i-starter iphenduka ngokuvilapha ngebhethri eshajiwe futhi ithatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokulungisa.
Okufanele ukwenze uma isiqalisi siba sibi
Uma isiqalisi siphenduka kabi, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuxilonga nokulungisa. Kuhlale kufanelekile ukuqala ngebhethri futhi uhlole ikhwalithi yothintana naye, bese kuphela lapho uqaqa futhi mhlawumbe uqaqa isiqalisi futhi wenze ukuxilonga.
- Hlola ukushajwa kwebhethri. Akukhathalekile ukuthi i-gearbox ayijiki kahle noma ibhethri elijwayelekile kufanele lishajwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi enkathini yasebusika, lapho ebusuku izinga lokushisa lomoya wangaphandle lehla ngaphansi kweziro Celsius. Ngokufanelekile, uma ibhethri (ngisho noma lisha) okungenani lilahliwe ngo-15%, kuhle ukuthi ulishaje usebenzisa ishaja. Uma ibhethri isindala futhi / noma isiphelile insiza yayo, kungcono ukuyifaka esikhundleni esisha.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi amatheminali ebhethri kanye nesiqalisi samandla kuxhunywe ngendlela ethembekile.. Uma kukhona amaphakethe we-oxidation (ukugqwala) kumatheminali ebhethri, khona-ke lokhu kuyinkinga impela. futhi qinisekisa ukuthi i-clamp yezintambo zamandla iqiniswe ngokuphephile. Naka othintana naye kusiqalisi uqobo. Kuyafaneleka ukuhlola "i-pigtail of the mass", ehlanganisa ncamashi umzimba wenjini kanye nomzimba wemoto. Uma othintana nabo bekhwalithi ephansi, khona-ke badinga ukuhlanzwa nokuqiniswa.
Ingabe ukusikisela okungenhla kwasiza? Khona-ke kufanele ususe isiqalisi ukuze uhlole futhi uhlole izakhi zayo eziyisisekelo. Okuhlukile kungaba kuphela uma isiqalisi esisha siphenduka kabi, khona-ke uma kungeyona ibhethri noxhumana nabo, udinga ukubheka imbangela enjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Edluliselwe Solenoid. Kuyadingeka ukukhalisa womabili ama-winding usebenzisa umhloli. Ukumelana phakathi kwama-windings kanye "nobuningi" kukalwa ngamabili. Ku-relay esebenzayo kuyoba cishe i-1 ... 3 Ohm. Ukumelana phakathi koxhumana nabo bamandla kufanele kube nge-oda lika-3 ... 5 ohms. Uma lawa manani evame ukuba ku-zero, khona-ke kukhona isifunda esifushane. Iningi lesimanje le-solenoid relay lenziwa ngendlela engahlukaniseki, ngakho-ke lapho i-node ihluleka, imane ishintshwe.
- Amabhulashi. Ziyaguga ngokwemvelo, kodwa zingase zingalingani kahle ngenxa yokugudluka kokuhlanganiswa kwebhulashi okuhlobene nomuntu ohambayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bekuyini, udinga ukuhlola ngokubukeka isimo sebhulashi ngalinye. Ukugqoka okuncane kuyamukeleka, kodwa akufanele kube okubucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqoka kufanele kube kuphela endizeni yokuxhumana nomqoqi, umonakalo awuvunyelwe kulo lonke ibhulashi. ngokuvamile, amabhulashi axhunywe emhlanganweni nge-bolt noma i-soldering. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola othintana naye ohambisanayo, uma kunesidingo, ukuthuthukise. Uma amabhulashi egugile, kufanele ashintshwe kufakwe amasha.
- amahlahla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziyaguga futhi ziqale ukudlala. Inani le-backlash elivumelekile lingaba ngu-0,5 mm, uma lidlulwa, ama-bushings kufanele ashintshwe amasha. Ukungahambi kahle kwama-bushings kungaholela ekujikelezeni okunzima kwe-rotor yokuqalisa, kanye nokuthi ezikhundleni ezithile amabhulashi ngeke afaneleke ngokumelene nomhambisi.
- Iwasha yokukhiya phambi komhlangano webhulashi. Uma uhlaziya, qiniseka ukuthi isivalo simisiwe, ngoba ngokuvamile simane sindize sisuke. Kukhona ukugijima kwe-longitudinal eduze kwe-eksisi. Ukugunda kubangela ukuthi amabhulashi alenge, ikakhulukazi uma eguge kakhulu.
- I-Stator kanye/noma i-rotor winding. I-interturn short circuit noma i-short circuit "to ground" ingenzeka kuzo. futhi enye inketho ukuphulwa kokuxhumana kwama-windings. Ama-windings we-armature kufanele ahlolwe ama-circuits avulekile namafushane. Futhi, usebenzisa i-multimeter, udinga ukuhlola ukuvuthwa kwe-stator. Kumamodeli ahlukene, inani elihambisanayo lizohluka, noma kunjalo, ngokwesilinganiso, ukumelana nokuqina kusendaweni ye-10 kOhm. Uma inani elihambisanayo lincane, khona-ke lokhu kungase kubonise izinkinga nge-winding, kuhlanganise ne-interturn short circuit. Lokhu kunciphisa ngokuqondile amandla e-electromotive, futhi, ngokufanele, esimweni lapho isiqalisi singaphenduki kahle, kokubili kubanda futhi kushisa.
- Starter Bendix. Isimo esijwayelekile se-clutch eyeqile siyahlolwa. Kuyafaneleka ukuhlola ngokubuka amagiya. Esimeni sokugqokwa okungabalulekile, imisindo yensimbi ecwebezelayo ingase ivele kuyo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-bendix izama ukunamathela ku-flywheel, kodwa ngokuvamile ayiphumeleli emzamweni wokuqala, ngakho-ke iphendulela isiqalisi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Abanye abashayeli bashintsha izingxenye ezithile ze-bendix ukuze bathole ezintsha (isibonelo, ama-roller), noma kunjalo, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, kulula futhi kushibhile (ekugcineni) ukufaka esikhundleni seyunithi eshiwo entsha, kunokuyilungisa.
Uma uqinisekile ukuthi isiqalisi siyasebenza, qaphela injini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
amafutha. Ngezinye izikhathi abanikazi bezimoto banenkinga yokubona i-viscosity yamafutha kanye nempilo yawo yokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, uma uba mkhulu, ukuze ujikeleze umshini wenjini, isiqalisi sidinga ukuchitha umzamo owengeziwe. Yingakho ikwazi ukuphotha ngokuqinile "ibanda" ebusika. ukuze uqede le nkinga, udinga ukusebenzisa efanelekayo imoto ethile, esetshenziswa ebusika (ene-viscosity yokushisa ephansi, isibonelo, 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30). Ukucabanga okufanayo kuyasebenza futhi uma uwoyela usetshenziswa isikhathi eside kunebanga elibekiwe ngaphandle kokushintshwa okuphelele.
I-Crankshaft. Uma izinkinga zibonwa ekusebenzeni kweqembu le-piston, khona-ke zingabonwa ngenani lezinye izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Noma ngabe kunjalo, kungcono ukuya esikhungweni senkonzo ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, ngoba ukuzihlola kuleli cala akunakwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi uzodinga imishini eyengeziwe. Kubandakanya, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uhlukanise ingxenye yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ukuze wenze ukuxilonga.
Umphumela
Uma i-starter ingajiki kahle, futhi nakakhulu uma kubanda, okokuqala udinga ukuhlola ukushaja kwebhethri, ikhwalithi yabathintana nabo, ama-terminals, isimo sezintambo phakathi kwesiqalisi, ibhethri, inkinobho yokushisa. , ikakhulukazi qaphela phansi. Lapho konke kuhlelekile ngezinto ezisohlwini, udinga ukuqaqa isiqalisi semoto futhi wenze ukuxilonga okuningiliziwe. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola i-solenoid relay, umhlangano webhulashi, i-stator kanye ne-rotor windings, isimo se-bushings, ikhwalithi yabathintana nabo kuma-windings. Futhi-ke, sebenzisa amafutha e-viscosity aphansi ebusika!
