Ukushaja ibhethri

Ukushaja kabusha ibhethri lemoto kubonakala lapho i-voltage ephakeme kunomkhawulo ovunyelwe - 14,6-14,8 V isetshenziswa kumatheminali ayo. Le nkinga ijwayeleke kakhulu kumamodeli amadala (UAZ, VAZ "classic") kanye nezimoto ezinamamayela aphezulu ngenxa yezimpawu zokuklama kanye ukungathembeki kwezakhi zemishini kagesi.

Ukushajwa kabusha kungenzeka uma ijeneretha yehluleka futhi uma ishaja isetshenziswe ngendlela engalungile. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi kungani ibhethri ishaja, kungani kuyingozi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhethri yemoto ingashajwa yini emotweni esetshenziswayo, indlela yokuthola nokuqeda imbangela yokushajwa ngokweqile, lesi sihloko sizosiza.

Unganquma kanjani ukushajwa kwebhethri

Ungakwazi ukuthola ngokuthembekile ukushajwa kwebhethri ngokukala i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri nge-multimeter. Inqubo yokuhlola imi kanje:

1. Qala injini bese uyifudumeza ifike kuzinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ulinde ukuthi i-rpm yehle ingasebenzi.
2. Vula i-multimeter kumodi yokulinganisa i-voltage eqondile (DC) ebangeni lama-20 V.
3. Xhuma i-probe ebomvu kutheminali ethi "+", kanye nemnyama kutheminali ethi "-" yebhethri.

Ezimotweni ezinamabhethri e-calcium, i-voltage ingafinyelela ku-15 V noma ngaphezulu.

I-voltage emaphakathi kunethiwekhi esebhodini lapho abathengi bengekho abavuliwe (izibani zangaphambili, ukufudumeza, isimo somoya, njll.) ingaphakathi kuka-13,8-14,8 V. Ukudlula isikhathi esifushane okufika ku-15 V kuvunyelwe emaminithini okuqala. ngemva kokuqala ngokukhishwa kwebhethri okuphawulekayo! Amandla kagesi angaphezu kuka-15 V kumatheminali akhombisa ukushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri lemoto.

Ungawathembi ngaphandle kwemibandela ama-voltmeter akhelwe ku-adaptha yesilayidi sikagwayi noma iyunithi yekhanda. Abonisa amandla kagesi acabangela ukulahlekelwa futhi awanembile kakhulu.

Izimpawu ezilandelayo nazo zikhombisa ngokungaqondile ukushajwa kabusha kwebhethri emotweni:

Amatheminali ane-oxidized ambozwe nge-green coating awuphawu olungaqondile lokushajwa okuvamile.

• izibani zangaphambili kanye nokukhanyisa kwangaphakathi kukhanye kakhudlwana;
• ama-fuse avame ukuqhuma (nge-voltage ephansi, angashisa futhi ngenxa yokwanda kwemisinga);
• ikhompuyutha esebhodini ikhombisa ukweqisa kwamandla kagesi kunethiwekhi;
• ibhethri livuvukele noma iminonjana ye-electrolyte ibonakala ecaleni;
• amatheminali ebhethri afakwe i-oxidized futhi ambozwe nge-coating eluhlaza.

Ngokushajwa kwebhethri elimile, ukushajwa ngokweqile kunqunywa izinkomba, ngomsindo noma ngokubonakalayo. I-voltage yokushaja akumele idlule ku-15–16 V (kuya ngohlobo lwebhethri), futhi amandla okushaja akumele adlule u-20-30% womthamo webhethri ngamahora we-ampere. I-Gurgling kanye nokuheyiza, ukwakheka okusebenzayo kwamabhamuza ebusweni be-electrolyte ngokushesha ngemva kokushaja kukhombisa imodi yayo yokubilisa nokungeyona efanelekile yokushaja.

Ibhethri elishajwe kabusha libamba ukushajwa okubi kakhulu, lishisa kakhulu, ikesi layo lingavuvuka futhi liqhume, futhi i-electrolyte evuzayo igqwalisa umsebenzi wokupenda namapayipi. Ukwenyuka kwamandla kagesi kunethiwekhi kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwemishini kagesi. ukuze uvimbele lokhu, inkinga kufanele ilungiswe ngokushesha ngokuthola ukuthi kungani ibhethri lishajwa kabusha. Funda ngezansi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani.

Kungani ibhethri lishajwa kabusha

Ukushaja kabusha ibhethri eshajani kuwumphumela wokukhetha okungalungile kwesikhathi sokushaja, i-voltage kanye nesimanjemanje kwimodi yezandla noma ukuwohloka kweshaja ngokwayo. Ukushajwa kabusha kwesikhashana okuvela eshajani akuyingozi kangako kunokusuka kujeneretha, ngoba ngokuvamile akunaso isikhathi sokuholela emiphumeleni engenakuhlehliswa.

Izizathu zokushaja ngokweqile ibhethri lemoto ebhodini ngo-90% zilele ngqo kujeneretha engalungile. Ngakho-ke, yiyona okufanele ihlolwe futhi ihlolwe kwasekuqaleni. Kancane kancane, imbangela yokushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri ilele kumaphutha ezintambo. Izimbangela eziqondile zokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nemiphumela yazo zibalwe etafuleni.

Ithebula lezizathu zokushaja ngokweqile ibhethri lemoto:

izizathu	Yini ebangela ukulayisha kabusha?
Izinkinga Zokudlulisa Ijeneretha	I-relay ayisebenzi ngendlela efanele, i-voltage kunethiwekhi esebhodini iphezulu kakhulu, noma kukhona ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi.
I-generator engenaphutha	I-generator, ngenxa yesifunda esifushane kuma-windings, ukuwohloka kwebhuloho le-diode, noma ngenxa yezinye izizathu, ayikwazi ukugcina i-voltage yokusebenza.
Ukuhluleka kokudlulisa isilawuli	I-voltage regulator relay ("ithebhulethi", "ushokoledi") ayisebenzi, ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage ephumayo idlula kakhulu evunyelwe.
Ukuxhumana okubuthakathaka kwetheminali yesilawuli esidluliswayo	Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuxhumana, i-undervoltage inikezwa ku-relay, ngenxa yalokho umphumela wokunxephezela awukhiqizwa.
Imiphumela yokushuna ijeneretha	Ukwandisa i-voltage kumamodeli amadala (isibonelo, i-VAZ 2108-099), izingcweti zibeka i-diode phakathi kwe-terminal kanye ne-relay-regulator, eyehlisa i-voltage ngo-0,5-1 V ukuze bakhohlise isilawuli. Uma i-diode ekuqaleni ikhethwe ngokungalungile noma ukwehla kwanda ngenxa yokuwohloka kwayo, i-voltage kunethiwekhi iphakama ngaphezu kweyokuvunyelwe.
Uxhumo lwezintambo olubuthakathaka	Lapho oxhumana nabo kumabhulokhi axhumayo bekhipha i-oxidize futhi behamba, i-voltage kubo iyehla, umlawuli ukubheka lokhu njengokudonsela phansi futhi andise i-voltage ephumayo.

Kwezinye izimoto, ukushaja ibhethri ngokweqile ku-alternator kuyinkinga evamile ebangelwa amaphutha edizayini. Ithebula elingezansi lizokusiza ukuthi uthole ukuthi yimaphi amamodeli ashaja ibhethri ngokweqile, futhi siyini isizathu salokho.

Ama-alternator ezimotweni zesimanje, eziklanyelwe ukusebenzisa amabhethri e-calcium (Ca / Ca), akhiqiza ama-voltage aphezulu kunamamodeli amadala. Ngakho-ke, i-voltage yenethiwekhi ye-on-board ye-14,7-15 V (futhi isikhathi esifushane ebusika - nangaphezulu) ayilona uphawu lokushaja ngokweqile!

Ithebula elinezimbangela "zokukhubazeka kokuzalwa" kwezinye izimoto ezihlanganisa ukushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri:

imodeli yemoto	Isizathu sokushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri ephuma kujeneretha
I-UAZ	Ukushajwa kabusha kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokungathintani kahle kwesilawuli esidluliswayo. Kuvame ukuvela "ngezinkwa", kodwa futhi kwenzeka kuma-Patriots. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-voltmeter yomdabu nayo ayiyona inkomba yokushaja ngokweqile, ngoba ingaphuma esikalini ngaphandle kwesizathu. Udinga ukuhlola ukushajwa kabusha kuphela ngedivayisi eyaziwayo enembile!
I-VAZ 2103/06/7 (yakudala)	Ukuthintwa okungalungile eqenjini lokuxhumana lengidi (amatheminali 30/1 no-15), koxhumana nabo bomlawuli odluliswayo, futhi nangenxa yokuxhumana okungekuhle phakathi komlawuli nomzimba wemoto. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka esikhundleni "ushokoledi" udinga ukuhlanza bonke laba othintana nabo.
IHyundai neKia	Ku-Hyundai Accent, i-Elantra namanye amamodeli, kanye nakwamanye ama-KIA, iyunithi yokulawula i-voltage ku-generator (inombolo yekhathalogi 37370-22650) ivame ukuhluleka.
I-Gazelle, i-Sable, i-Volga	Ukuthintwa okungalungile kuswishi yokushisa kanye/noma isixhumi sebhulokhi ye-fuse.
I-Lada Priora	Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ku-generator ku-L noma ku-61. Uma ingaphansi kuka-0,5 V kunebhethri, udinga ukukhalisa i-wiring bese ubheka ukudonsa.
I-Ford Focus (1,2,3)	Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kusixhumi sesilawuli se-alternator (intambo ebomvu). Ngokuvamile umlawuli ngokwawo uyahluleka.
I-Mitsubishi Lancer (9, 10)	I-oxidation noma ukuphuka ku-chip ye-S contact generator (imvamisa i-orange, ngezinye izikhathi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), ngenxa yokuthi i-PP ikhiqiza i-voltage eyengeziwe.
Chevrolet Cruze	I-voltage yenethiwekhi esebhodini ngaphezu kuka-15 V iyinto evamile! I-ECU ihlaziya isimo sebhethri futhi, isebenzisa i-PWM, ilawula amandla kagesi anikezwe wona ebangeni elingu-11-16 V.
I-Daewoo Lanos ne-Nexia	Ku-Daewoo Lanos (enezinjini ze-GM), i-Nexia nezinye izimoto ze-GM ezinezinjini "ezihlobene", imbangela yokushaja ngokweqile cishe njalo ilele ekuhlulekeni komlawuli. Inkinga yokushintshwa kwayo iyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yobunzima bokudiliza i-generator ukuze ilungiswe.

Kwenzani ukushaja ibhethri ngokweqile?

Uma inkinga ikhonjwa, kubalulekile ukuqeda ngokushesha ukushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri lomshini, imiphumela yakho engase ingagcini ngokuhluleka kwebhethri. Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamandla kagesi, amanye ama-node angase ahluleke. Kusho ukuthini ukushaja ibhethri ngokweqile futhi ngaziphi izizathu - bona ithebula elingezansi:

Yini esongela ukushajwa kabusha ibhethri: ukuwohloka okukhulu

Shaja Imiphumela	Kungani lokhu kwenzeka	Kwakungaphela kanjani lokhu
ukuphuma kwe-electrolyte	Uma i-current iqhubeka nokugeleza kubhethri elishajiwe u-100%, lokhu kubangela ukubilisa okusebenzayo kwe-electrolyte kanye nokwakheka komoyampilo ne-hydrogen emabhange.	Ukwehla kwezinga le-electrolyte kuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile nasekubhujisweni kwamapuleti. Ukuqhuma okuncane nomlilo kungenzeka, ngenxa yokushisa kwe-hydrogen (ngenxa yokukhishwa kwenhlansi phakathi kwamapuleti avele).
Ukuchitha amapuleti	Ngaphansi kwethonya lamanje, amapuleti avele obala ngemva kokuba uketshezi lubilisa ukushisa ngokweqile, ukugqoka kwawo kuyaqhekeka futhi kubhidlize.	Ibhethri alikwazi ukubuyiselwa, kuzodingeka uthenge ibhethri elisha.
Ukuvuza kwe-Electrolyte	Lapho ibila, i-electrolyte ikhishwa ngezimbobo zokungenisa umoya bese ingena ebhokisini lebhethri.	I-asidi equkethwe ku-electrolyte igqwalisa umsebenzi wokupenda endaweni yenjini, ezinye izinhlobo zokuvala izintambo, amapayipi nezinye izingxenye ezingamelani nezindawo ezinolaka.
Ukuvuvukala kwebhethri	Lapho i-electrolyte ibila, umfutho uyakhuphuka futhi amabhethri (ikakhulukazi angenawo ukunakekelwa) ayavuvukala. Kusuka ekulimaleni, amapuleti omthofu ayabhidlika noma avaleke.	Ngokucindezela okukhulu, ikesi yebhethri ingaqhuma, yonakalise futhi ifafaze i-asidi ezingxenyeni zekhompathimenti yenjini.
Namachibi terminals	Ukuhwamuka ebhethrini, i-electrolyte ene-asidi iyajiya ezingxenyeni ezingomakhelwane, okubangela ukuthi amatheminali ebhethri nezinye izingxenye zimbozwe ungqimba lwama-oxide.	Ukuthintana okuwohlokayo kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwenethiwekhi kagesi ebhodini, i-asidi ingakwazi ukugqwala i-insulation namapayipi.
Ukuhluleka kwezinto zikagesi	I-overvoltage idala umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezibucayi ze-elekthronikhi nezinzwa.	Ngenxa ye-voltage eyeqile, amalambu namafuse ayasha. Kumamodeli anamuhla, ukwehluleka kwekhompiyutha, iyunithi ye-air conditioning namanye amamojula we-electronics ebhodini kungenzeka. Kukhona ingozi eyengeziwe yomlilo ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwe-insulation, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa izesekeli ezingajwayelekile ezisezingeni eliphansi kanye nezingxenye ezisele.
Ukutubeka kwe-generator	Ukwehluleka kwe-relay-regulator kanye nesifunda esifushane sama-windings kubangela ukuthi i-generator idlule.	Uma ukushisa ngokweqile kwe-generator kuholela ekushiseni kwama-windings ayo, kuzodingeka uhlehlise i-stator / rotor (eside futhi ebizayo) noma ushintshe umhlangano we-generator.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwebhethri, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalikhokhisi ngokweqile. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamabhethri, ukushaja ibhethri ngokweqile kuyingozi ngokulinganayo, kodwa imiphumela ingahluka:

Ukuqhuma kwebhethri - imiphumela yokushajwa ngokweqile.

• I-Antimony (Sb-Sb). Amabhethri anesevisi yakudala, lapho amapuleti ahlanganiswe ne-antimony, asinda kalula ekushajweni kabusha okufushane. Ngokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi, konke kuzokhawulelwa ekugcwaliseni ngamanzi a-distilled. Kodwa yilawa mabhethri azwela kakhulu ku-voltage ephezulu, ngoba ukushajwa kabusha sekungenzeka ku-voltage engaphezu kuka-14,5 volts.
• IHybrid (Ca-Sb, Ca+). Amabhethri anganakekeli noma anokekelo oluphansi, ama-electrode aqondile awo afakwe i-antimoni, kanye nama-electrode angemahle ane-calcium. Abakwesabi kakhulu ukushaja ngokweqile, ukumelana ne-voltage kangcono (kufika ku-15 volts), kancane kancane balahlekelwa amanzi ku-electrolyte lapho bebila. Kodwa, uma ukushajwa okunamandla kuvunyelwe, khona-ke amabhethri anjalo ayanda, isifunda esifushane singenzeka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi icala lidabukile.
• I-calcium (Ca-Ca). Amabhethri anganakekeli noma anokekelo oluphansi wezinhlobo ezincane zesimanjemanje. Ahlukaniswa ngokulahleka okuncane kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokubilisa, amelana ne-voltage ephezulu (esigabeni sokugcina akhokhiswa amandla kagesi afinyelela ku-16-16,5 volts), ngakho-ke asengozini encane yokushajwa ngokweqile. Uma uyivumela, ibhethri lingaqhuma, lifafaze yonke into nge-electrolyte. Ukukhokhiswa okunamandla okunamandla kanye nokukhishwa okujulile kulimaza ngokulinganayo, njengoba kubangela ukuwohloka okungenakuguqulwa kwamapuleti, ukuchithwa kwawo.
• I-Absorbed Electrolyte (AGM). Amabhethri e-AGM ahluke kwakudala ngokuthi isikhala phakathi kwama-electrode kuwo sigcwele into ekhethekile enezimbotshana emunca i-electrolyte. Lo mklamo uvimbela ukuwohloka kwemvelo, okuwuvumela ukuba umelane nemijikelezo eminingi yokushaja, kodwa wesaba kakhulu ukushajwa. Imithamo yokushaja ekhawulelayo ifika ku-14,7–15,2 V (ekhonjiswe ebhethrini), uma kusetshenziswe okwengeziwe, kunobungozi obukhulu bokuchithwa kwama-electrode. Futhi njengoba ibhethri lingalungiswa futhi livaliwe, lingaqhuma.
• Ijeli (GEL). Amabhethri lapho i-electrolyte eyi-acidic ewuketshezi ijiya ngezinhlanganisela ze-silicon. Lawa mabhethri awasetshenziswa njengamabhethri okuqala, kodwa angafakwa ukuze anike amandla abasebenzisi abanamandla ebhodini (umculo, njll.). Babekezelela ukukhishwa kangcono (ukumelana namakhulu emijikelezo), kodwa besaba ukushaja ngokweqile. Umkhawulo kagesi wamabhethri e-GEL ungafika ku-14,5–15 V (ngezinye izikhathi ufika ku-13,8–14,1). Ibhethri elinjalo livalwe nge-hermetically, ngakho-ke, lapho lishajwa ngokweqile, likhubazeka kalula futhi liqhekekile, kodwa ayikho ingozi yokuvuza kwe-electrolyte kuleli cala.

Yini okufanele uyenze lapho ulayisha kabusha?

Lapho ushaja ibhethri ngokweqile, okokuqala, kufanele uthole imbangela, bese uhlola ibhethri. Okufanele kwenziwe lapho ushajwa kabusha ibhethri ngezizathu ezithile kuchazwe ngezansi.

Ukushajwa kabusha ngeshaja emile

Ukushaja kabusha ibhethri eshajani kungenzeka uma usebenzisa ugesi onephutha noma amapharamitha wokushaja akhethwe ngokungalungile kwimodi yezandla.

• Isondlo-mahhala Amabhethri ashajwa ngokuqhubekayo okungu-10% womthamo wawo. I-voltage izolungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi lapho ifinyelela ku-14,4 V, yamanje kufanele yehliswe ibe ngu-5%. Ukushaja kufanele kuphazanyiswe kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10-20 ngemuva kokuqala kokubilisa kwe-electrolyte.
• Isevisiwe. Sebenzisa i-voltage engaguquki enconyelwe ibhethri lakho (iphezulu kancane ku-calcium kune-hybrid noma i-AGM). Uma cishe umthamo ongu-100% ufinyelelwa, owamanje uzoyeka ukugeleza futhi ukushaja kuzozimisa ngokwawo. Ubude benqubo bungaba usuku.

Ngaphambi kokushaja ibhethri elisebenzisekayo, hlola ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte nge-hydrometer. Uma ingahambisani nokujwayelekile ngezinga elithile lokushaja, khona-ke ngisho nalapho ishaja nge-voltage evamile kanye nesimanje, ukushaja ngokweqile kungenzeka.

Ukushaja kabusha ibhethri lemoto ngeshaja ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwezingxenye ezithile. Kumashaja e-transformer, imbangela yokwenyuka kwe-voltage ngokuvamile i-interturn short circuit of the winding, switch ephukile, kanye nebhuloho le-diode eliphukile. Kumemori ye-othomathikhi ye-pulse, izingxenye zomsakazo zesilawuli sokulawula, isibonelo, ama-transistors noma umlawuli we-optocoupler, ngokuvamile ahluleka.

Ukuvikelwa kwebhethri lomshini ekushajweni ngokweqile kuqinisekisiwe uma usebenzisa ishaja ehlanganiswe ngokwalolu hlelo olulandelayo:

Ukuvikela ibhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile: isikimu sokuzenzela wena ngokwakho

I-12 volt yokuvikela ukushajwa kwebhethri: isekhethi yeshaja

Ukushaja kabusha ibhethri emotweni kusuka kujeneretha

Uma kutholwa ukushajwa kwebhethri ngokweqile endleleni, ibhethri kufanele livikelwe ukuthi lingabiliki noma liqhume ngokunciphisa i-voltage yokuhlinzeka noma ukuvala amandla kagesi ngendlela eyodwa yezindlela ezintathu:

• Ukuxegiswa kwebhande le-alternator. Ibhande lizoshelela, lishaye ikhwelo futhi cishe lingasebenziseki futhi lidinga ukushintshwa maduze nje, kodwa amandla ejeneretha azokwehla.
• Vala ijeneretha. Ngokukhipha izintambo ku-generator futhi uvale amatheminali alengayo, ungafika ekhaya ngebhethri, usebenzisa izinto zikagesi ebhodini okungenani. Ibhethri elishajiwe lanele cishe amahora angu-1-2 wokushayela ungakhanyi izibani, namalambu angaphambili - uhhafu walokho.
• Susa ibhande ku-alternator. Iseluleko sifanelekile kumamodeli lapho i-generator iqhutshwa ibhande elihlukile. Umphumela uyafana nenketho yangaphambilini, kodwa indlela ingaba lula uma uqaqa izikulufi ezimbili zokudonsa ukuze ususe ibhande. Lokhu kulula kakhulu kunokukhipha amatheminali nokuhlukanisa izintambo.

Uma i-voltage ye-generator ingeqi ama-volts angu-15, futhi akudingeki ukuba uhambe kude, awudingi ukuvala i-generator. Vele uhambe ngesivinini esiphansi endaweni yokulungisa, uvule abathengi abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka: i-beam ecwilisiwe, i-heater fan, ukushisa kwengilazi, njll. Uma abathengi abengeziwe bekuvumela ukuthi unciphise i-voltage, bashiye.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukufakwa kwabathengi abengeziwe kusiza ukuthola imbangela yokukhokhiswa ngokweqile. Uma i-voltage yehla lapho umthwalo ukhuphuka, inkinga kungenzeka ukuthi isilawuli, esivele silinganisele i-voltage. Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ikhula, udinga ukubheka i-wiring yokuxhumana okungalungile (ukusonta, ama-oxides wezixhumi, ama-terminals, njll.).

Ukushaja kabusha ibhethri kusuka ku-generator kwenzeka lapho izakhi zokulawula (ibhuloho le-diode, i-regulator relay) ingasebenzi kahle. Inqubo yokuhlola evamile imi kanje:

1. I-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri lapho ingenzi lutho kufanele ibe ngu-13,5–14,3 V (kuye ngokuthi imodeli yemoto), futhi uma ikhuphuka ifike ku-2000 noma ngaphezulu, ikhuphukela ku-14,5–15 V. Uma ikhuphuka ngokuphawulekayo ngaphezulu, ishaja ngokweqile.
2. Umehluko phakathi kwe-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri nasekuphumeni kwesilawuli esidluliswayo akufanele udlule u-0,5 V uvuna ibhethri. Umehluko omkhulu uwuphawu lokungaxhumani kahle.
3. Sihlola i-relay-regulator sisebenzisa isibani esingu-12-volt. Udinga umthombo kagesi olawulwayo onebanga elingu-12-15 V (isibonelo, ishaja yebhethri). I-"+" kanye "-" yayo kufanele ixhunywe kokokufaka kwe-PP kanye nomhlabathi, futhi isibani kumabhulashi noma okukhiphayo kwe-PP. Lapho i-voltage ikhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-15 V, isibani esikhanyisa lapho kusetshenziswa amandla kufanele sicime. Uma isibani siqhubeka sikhanya, isilawuli sinephutha futhi kufanele sishintshwe.

Uhlelo lokuhlola isilawuli-relay

Ukuhlola ukudluliselwa kwesilawuli: ividiyo

Uma i-relay-regulator isebenza, udinga ukuhlola izintambo. Lapho i-voltage yehla kwesinye seziyingi, i-generator inika umthwalo ogcwele, futhi ibhethri liyashajwa.

ukuze uvimbele ukushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri, qapha isimo sezintambo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uqaphe i-voltage kumatheminali. Ungazisonti izintambo, thengisa izixhumanisi, futhi usebenzise amashubhu okunciphisa ukushisa esikhundleni se-tape ukuze uvikele ukuxhumana kusuka kumswakama!

Kwezinye izimoto, lapho ukushaja kusuka ku-B + okukhipha ijeneretha kuya ngqo ebhethrini, kungenzeka ukuvikela ibhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile ngokusebenzisa i-voltage control relay efana ne-362.3787-04 enebanga lokulawula le-10-16 V. ukuvikela ekushajweni ngokweqile kwebhethri engu-12 volt kuzonqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla kuyo lapho i-voltage iphakama ngaphezu kokuvunyelwe kulolu hlobo lwebhethri.

Ukufakwa kwesivikelo esengeziwe kufaneleka kuphela kumamodeli amadala ajwayele ukushajwa kakhulu ibhethri ngenxa yamaphutha edizayini. Kwezinye izimo, umlawuli ngokuzimela ubhekana nokuphathwa kokushaja.

I-relay ixhunywe ekunqamukeni kocingo P (emakwe ngemigqa ebomvu).

Umdwebo wokuxhumeka kwe-generator:

1. Ibhethri le-accumulator.
2. Ijeneretha.
3. Ibhulokhi yokukhweza.
4. Isibani sokulawula ukushajwa kwebhethri elishajekayo.
5. I-ignition switch.

Ngaphambi kokufaka i-relay ocingweni lokushaja kusuka kujeneretha kuya kubhethri, funda umdwebo wezintambo wemodeli yemoto yakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi uma intambo inqanyuliwe nge-relay, i-current ngeke idlule ibhethri!

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Ingabe ibhethri lizoshajwa kabusha uma kufakwa ijeneretha enkulu?

  Cha, ngoba kungakhathaliseki amandla ejeneretha, i-voltage ekuphumeni kwayo inqunyelwe isilawuli esidluliselwe esilinganisweni esiphezulu esivunyelwe ibhethri.

• Ingabe ububanzi bezintambo zamandla buthinta ukushajwa kabusha?

  Ububanzi obunyukile bezintambo zamandla ngokwako angeke kube isizathu sokushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri. Nokho, ukufaka esikhundleni sezintambo ezilimele noma ezingaxhumekile kahle kungakhuphula i-voltage yokushajwa uma i-alternator inephutha.

• Indlela yokuxhuma kahle ibhethri lesibili (ijeli) ukuze kungabikho ukushaja ngokweqile?

  ukuze uvimbele ukushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri yejeli, kufanele ixhunywe ngomshini wokuhlanganisa. Ukuze uvimbele ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-terminal limiter noma esinye isilawuli se-voltage (isibonelo, i-voltage monitoring relay 362.3787-04).

• I-alternator ishaja kabusha ibhethri, kungenzeka yini ukushayela uye ekhaya ibhethri lisusiwe?

  Uma i-relay-regulator iphukile, awukwazi ukucisha ibhethri nhlobo. Ukunciphisa umthwalo kuzophakamisa i-voltage ephezulu kakade evela ku-generator, engalimaza izibani kanye ne-electronics ebhodini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ushaja kabusha imoto, cisha ijeneretha esikhundleni sebhethri.

• Ingabe ngidinga ukushintsha i-electrolyte ngemva kokushajwa kabusha kwebhethri isikhathi eside?

  I-electrolyte ebhethrini ishintshwa kuphela ngemva kokuba ibhethri selilungisiwe. Ngokwako, ukufaka esikhundleni se-electrolyte esiguqubele ngenxa yamapuleti adilikayo akuxazululi inkinga. Uma i-electrolyte ihlanzekile, kodwa izinga layo liphansi, udinga ukwengeza amanzi ase-distilled.

• Ibhethri ingashajwa isikhathi esingakanani ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte (ukuhwamuka kwamanzi)?

  Imikhawulo yesikhathi ingeyodwa futhi incike ekumineni kokuqala. Into eyinhloko akumele idlule inkokhelo yamanje ye-1-2 A futhi ulinde kuze kube yilapho ubukhulu be-electrolyte bufinyelela ku-1,25-1,28 g / cm³.

• Umcibisholo wenzwa yokushaja ibhethri uhlale uhlanganisa - ingabe ishaja ngokweqile?

  Umcibisholo wenkomba yokushaja kudeshibhodi ku-plus akukabi uphawu lokushaja ngokweqile. Udinga ukuhlola i-voltage yangempela kumatheminali ebhethri. Uma kujwayelekile, inkomba ngokwayo ingase ibe nephutha.