Patent Monthly - Jerome H. Lemelson

Kulokhu sikukhumbuza ngomsunguli owaceba ngemibono yakhe, kodwa abantu abaningi - ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezinkulu - bamphatha njengaye. i-patent troll. Wazibona engumkhulumeli wenhloso yabasunguli abazimele.

ISIHLOKO: UJerome "Jerry" Hal Lemelson

Idethi nendawo yokuzalwa: NgoJulayi 18, 1923 eStaten Island, eU.SA (wafa ngo-Okthoba 1, 1997)

Ubuzwe: American                        

Isimo somndeni: ushadile, izingane ezimbili

Inhlanhla: okunzima ukulinganisa njengoba kungezona zonke izingxabano zelungelo lobunikazi ezixazululiwe

Imfundo: Inyuvesi yaseNew York

Okuhlangenwe nakho:               umsunguli ozimele (1950-1997), umsunguli kanye nenhloko ye-Licensing Management Corporation

Izintshisekelo: ubuchwepheshe, impilo yomndeni

UJerome Lemelson, oteketiswe ngokuthi "Jerry" nje abangani nomndeni, uthathwa njengokusungula nokuqamba okusha njengezisekelo "zephupho laseMelika". Wayephethe cishe ama-patent angamakhulu ayisithupha! Njengoba kubalwa, lokhu kwengeza isilinganiso selungelo lobunikazi elilodwa ngenyanga iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Futhi wakufeza konke lokhu eyedwa, ngaphandle kokusekelwa yizikhungo zocwaningo ezaziwayo noma iminyango yocwaningo nentuthuko yezinkampani ezinkulu.

Amasistimu okukhiqiza azenzakalelayo nokufunda kwebhakhodi, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kuma-ATM nezingcingo ezingenazintambo, amakhamera namakhompyutha omuntu siqu - ngisho nonodoli bezingane abakhalayo konke noma ingxenye yemibono kaLemelson. Ngawo-60, yanikeza ilayisense izinhlelo zokukhiqiza eziguquguqukayo, ngeminyaka yawo-70 - amakhanda amatheyiphu kazibuthe ezinkampanini zaseJapan, futhi ngeminyaka yawo-80 - izingxenye ezibalulekile zekhompyutha yomuntu siqu.

"Umbono Womshini"

Wazalwa ngoJulayi 18, 1923 eStaten Island, eNew York. Njengoba egcizelele, kusukela esemncane wayelingisa Thomas Edison. Uthole iziqu zakhe ze-bachelor's kanye ne-master's kwezobunjiniyela be-aerospace kanye neziqu ezengeziwe ze-master kwezobunjiniyela bezimboni eNyuvesi yaseNew York, aziphothula ngo-1951.

Ngaphambi kokuthi aye ngisho nasekolishi, waklama izikhali nezinye izinhlelo zeMilitary Aviation Corps phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Ngemva kokuthola amadiploma obunjiniyela nokuhlanganyela emsebenzini wokwakha izinjini zamarokhethi nama-pulse, waba nesiqephu esifushane sokuqashwa embonini yezimboni njengonjiniyela. Kodwa-ke, wayeka kulo msebenzi ukuze athole umsebenzi ayewuthanda kakhulu - umsunguli ozimele kanye "nomqambi" Ngiyazisebenza.

Ngo-1950, waqala ukufaka ama-patent. Iningi lezinto aziqambile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zazihlobene imboni yamathoyizi. Lezi kwakuyizinto ezintsha ezinenzuzo enkulu. Le mboni yayithuthuka ngokushesha ngemva kwempi futhi yayihlale idinga imikhiqizo emisha. Kwabe sekuyisikhathi samalungelo obunikazi "abucayi kakhulu".

Ukusungulwa kwangaleso sikhathi, uJerome ayeziqhenya ngakho futhi okwamlethela inhlanhla enkulu ngandlela thize. irobhothi lomhlaba wonke, ekwazi ukukala, ukushisela, ukushisela, i-rivet, ukuthutha kanye nokuhlola izinga. Wenza lokhu okusungulwe ngokuningiliziwe futhi wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi elinamakhasi angu-1954 ngobusuku obandulela uKhisimusi ngo-150. Wachaza izindlela zokubona ezinembile, kuhlanganise nalezo ezibizwa ngokuthi umbono womshiniezazingaziwa ngaleso sikhathi futhi, njengoba kwavela, kwakudingeka zisetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka. Kuphela mayelana nezimboni zamarobhothi zesimanje esingasho ukuthi ziyisebenzisa ngokugcwele imibono ka-Lemelson.

Ebuntwaneni, nomfowabo nenja - uJerome ngakwesobunxele

Izithakazelo zakhe zashintsha njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka. Amalungelo akhe obunikazi ayehlobene namafeksi, ama-VCR, iziqophamazwi eziphathwayo, izikena zebhakhodi. Ezinye izinto azisungulile zihlanganisa izimpawu zomgwaqo ezikhanyayo, ithemometha yezwi, ifoni yevidiyo, idivayisi yokuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesikweletu, isistimu ye-warehouse ezenzakalelayo kanye nesib. uhlelo lokuqapha isiguli.

Wasebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho yena nomkakhe benza ukusesha ngezandla ukuze bathole ingobo yomlando eHhovisi Lobunikazi Lase-US, bekhathele wumsebenzi onzima, waqala ukucabanga ngezindlela zokusebenzisa imishini. Umphumela kwaba umqondo wokugcina imibhalo namavidiyo ku-magnetic tape. Ngo-1955, wafaka isicelo esifanele selungelo lobunikazi. Isistimu yokugcinwa kwevidiyo ngokwencazelo yakhe, bekufanele ivumele ukufundwa kwezithombe ngohlaka ngohlaka kumonitha kamabonakude. U-Lemelson uphinde wasungula idizayini ye-webbing mechanism kamuva eyaba isisekelo sokwakha amakhasethi rekhoda. Ngo-1974, ngesisekelo samalungelo akhe obunikazi, u-Lemelson wadayisela i-Sony ilayisensi yokwakha idrayivu yekhasethi elincane. Kamuva, lezi zixazululo zasetshenziswa ku-Walkman eyisakhiwo sodumo.

Imidwebo evela ekusetshenzisweni kwelungelo lobunikazi lika-Lemelson

Umnikezeli welayisensi

Ukuthengisa ilayisensi bekungumbono webhizinisi omusha womsunguli. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-60, wasungula inkampani yale njongo I-Licensing Management Corporationokwakufanele adayise izinto azisungulile, kodwa futhi nezinto ezintsha zabanye abasunguli abazimele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waphishekela izinkampani ngokungekho emthethweni esebenzisa izixazululo zakhe ezinelungelo lobunikazi. Lokhu wakwenza okokuqala lapho umhwebi wokusanhlamvu engazange abonise isithakazelo ekwakhiweni kwebhokisi ayehlongoza, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa waqala ukusebenzisa ukupakisha ngokomfanekiso wakhe. Wavula icala, lachithwa. Nokho, ezingxabanweni eziningi ezalandela, wakwazi ukuphumelela. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokulwa okusemthethweni ne-Illinois Tool Works, wawina isinxephezelo ngenani le $ 17 wezigidi ngokwephulwa kwelungelo lobunikazi lethuluzi lesifutho.

Wayezondwa abaphikisi bakhe bezokwahlulela. Nokho, wabhekwa njengeqhawe langempela ngabasunguli abaningi abazimele.

Ukulwela kwakhe amalungelo obunikazi balo “mbono womshini” oshiwo ngenhla, ohlobene nombono weminyaka yawo-50, wawunomsindo omkhulu. Kwakumayelana nokuskena idatha ebonakalayo ngamakhamera, bese igcinwa kukhompyutha. Ngokuhambisana namarobhothi namabhakhodi, lobu buchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa ukuhlola, ukukhohlisa noma ukuhlola imikhiqizo njengoba ihamba emgqeni wokuhlanganisa. U-Lemelson umangalele inani labakhiqizi bezimoto nama-electronics base-Japan nabaseYurophu ngokwephula leli lungelo lobunikazi. Ngenxa yesivumelwano esaphethwa ngo-1990-1991, laba bakhiqizi bathola ilayisensi yokusebenzisa izixazululo zayo. Ilinganiselwa ukuthi ibize kakhulu imboni yezimoto ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-500 zamaRandi.

Ngo-1975, wajoyina i-US Patent and Trademark Advisory Council ukusiza ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwelungelo lobunikazi. Ukumangalelwa kwakhe nezinkampani kwaholela engxoxweni futhi kwashintsha umthetho wase-US kule ndawo. Inkinga enkulu kwakuyizinqubo ezinde zokuhlola izicelo zelungelo lobunikazi, okwaholela ekuvimbeni ukuqamba okusha. Ezinye zezinto ezisunguliwe ezabikwa nguLemelson esaphila, zaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi kuphela eshonile.

Abagxeki basola uLemelson amashumi eminyaka kusetshenziswa i-U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Basola umsunguli ngokusebenzisa izintuba eziphoqe izinkampani ezilinganiselwa ku-979 - okubalwa kuzo iFord, iDell, iBoeing, iGeneral Electric, iMitsubishi neMotorola - ukuthi zikhokhe. $ 1,5 billion ngezimali zelayisensi.

"Amalungelo akhe obunikazi awanamsebenzi - ayizincwadi," kusho uRobert Shillman, umsunguli, usihlalo kanye ne-CEO ye-Cognex Corp., umkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni wezixazululo zombono womshini, eminyakeni edlule. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awukwazi ukuthathwa njengesitatimende sochwepheshe ozimele. Iminyaka eminingi, u-Cognex umangalele u-Lemelson ngamalungelo obunikazi bezinhlelo zombono ...

Ingxabano ngo-Lemelson empeleni ithinta yona kanye incazelo yokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe. Ingabe umbono kuphela okufanele unikezwe ilungelo lobunikazi, ngaphandle kokucabangela yonke imininingwane nezindlela zokukhiqiza? Ngokuphambene nalokho - ingabe umthetho welungelo lobunikazi kufanele usetshenziswe ezintweni esezilungile, ezisebenzayo nezihloliwe? Phela, kulula ukucabanga isimo lapho othile eza nombono wokwakha okuthile noma ukuthuthukisa indlela yokukhiqiza evamile, kodwa engakwazi ukukwenza. Nokho, omunye umuntu ufunda ngalo mqondo futhi awusebenzise lo mbono. Imuphi kubo okufanele athole ilungelo lobunikazi?

U-Lemelson akakaze abhekane namamodeli wokwakha, ama-prototypes, noma kancane inkampani esebenzisa ubuhlakani bakhe. Lokhu kwakungekona lokho ayekucabanga ngomsebenzi wakhe. Lena kwakungeyona indlela ayeyiqonda ngayo indima yomsunguli. Iziphathimandla zelungelo lobunikazi laseMelika azizange zifune ukuqaliswa okubonakalayo kwemibono, kodwa incazelo efanele.

Ifuna ilungelo lobunikazi elibaluleke kakhulu ...

"UJerry" wabela ingcebo yakhe ngezinga elikhulu I-Lemelson Foundation, eyasungulwa ngo-1993 nomkakhe uDorothy. Umgomo wabo kwakuwukusiza ukukhuthaza izinto eziqanjiwe kanye nezinto ezintsha, ukukhuthaza kanye nokufundisa izizukulwane ezilandelayo zabasunguli, nokubanikeza izinsiza zokuguqula imibono ibe amabhizinisi kanye nobuchwepheshe bezentengiselwano.

I-Foundation isungule izinhlelo ezimbalwa zokugqugquzela kanye nokulungiselela abantu abasha ukuthi bakhe, bathuthukise futhi bahwebe ngobuchwepheshe obusha. Umsebenzi wabo futhi kwakuwukubumba ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngendima edlalwa abasunguli, abasunguli kanye nosomabhizinisi ekusekeleni nasekuqiniseni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wamazwe abo, kanye nokubumba impilo yansuku zonke. Ngo-2002, iLemelson Foundation yethula uhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluhlobene nalokhu.

Ngo-1996, lapho uLemelson egula ngomdlavuza wesibindi, wasabela ngendlela yakhe - waqala ukufuna izinto eziqanjiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obuzophatha lolu hlobo lomdlavuza. Ngonyaka wokugcina wempilo yakhe, wafaka izicelo zelungelo lobunikazi cishe ezingamashumi amane. Ngeshwa, umdlavuza awuyona inkampani ezoya enkantolo ukuze isetshenziswe ngokushesha.

"UJerry" wafa ngo-Okthoba 1, 1997.