Ukuphepha okungahleliwe njengomqondo ohlobene

Ngemoto entsha noma isizukulwane esingena emakethe, kuba sobala ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka okwenziwe, njengokujwayelekile, kuzokwaziswa ngokuphelele. Wonke umenzi wezimoto uthanda ukuziqhayisa ngokuthi umkhiqizo wabo omusha uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezinamandla kakhulu unyaka nonyaka, futhi kugqamisa kakhulu uma bengeza isici sokuphepha ebesingatholakali ngaphambili kuhlu (njengohlelo lokugwema ukushayisana emadolobheni). isivinini ngesiginali ye-radar).

Kepha konke kuzolunga. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka futhi kwenzelwa ini? Lokhu ukuhlolwa okwenzelwe ochwepheshe ngokuyinhloko ukulingisa ngokuthembekile izinhlobo ezithile zokushaqeka kwangempela okwenzeka ngokungahleliwe noma ngokungenhloso nsuku zonke. Ziqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• ukuqeqeshwa ukuvivinywa (isb.ukulungiswa kwezimoto, ama-dummies, amakhamera, izinsimbi zokulinganisa, ukubala okulandelayo, izilinganiso nokulungiswa kwezinye izesekeli),
• kakhulu ukuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka,
• ukuhlaziya imininingwane elinganisiwe nerekhodiwe kanye nokuhlola kwabo okulandelayo.

I-Euro NCAP

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe konke ukushaya okunqunyiwe, isivivinyo asiqukethe ukudilizwa okukodwa, kepha, njengomthetho, okhomishani "baphula" izimoto eziningana. EYurophu, izivivinyo ezaziwa kakhulu zokuphahlazeka zenziwa yi-Euro NCAP Consortium. Enqubeni entsha, ukuhlolwa kuhlukaniswe kwaba izingxenye eziyisi-4 eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala iphathelene nokuvikelwa kwabagibeli abadala futhi iqukethe:

• Isiteleka sangaphambili ngejubane lama-64 km / h ukuya kumgoqo okhubazekayo otholakala ngemoto nesithiyo ngama-40% (okungukuthi u-60% wobuso bangaphambili bemoto abenzi ukuxhumana kokuqala nesithiyo), lapho ukuphepha kwabantu abadala ekhanda , intamo, indawo yesifuba ilawulwa ngokuqinile (ikhebhu nomthwalo lapho kuncipha ngebhande lesihlalo), amathanga ngamadolo (ukuthintana nengxenye engezansi yedeshibhodi), ukushefa futhi, komshayeli nemilenze, (ingozi yokuhambisa iqembu elinonyawo) . Kuphinde kuhlolwe ukuphepha kwezihlalo uqobo kanye nokuqina kwekheji lomzimba. Abakhiqizi bangabhala ukuvikelwa okufanayo kwabagibeli bezinye izindawo eziphakeme kunama-mannequins noma ama-mannequins. endaweni ehlukile yokuhlala. Amaphuzu ayi-16 azoklonyeliswa ngale ngxenye.
• Bukushaya iso ngomgoqo okhubazekayo ngejubane elingama-50 km / h ukuya emotweni emile, lapho ukuphepha komuntu omdala kuphinde kubhekwe khona, ikakhulukazi isinqe, isifuba nekhanda lapho ihlangana nohlangothi lwemoto, noma ukusebenza kahle kohlangothi nama-airbags ekhanda. Lapha imoto ingathola amaphuzu angama-8.
• Ukushayisana eceleni kwemoto enekholamu elungisiwe ngesivinini esingama-29 km / h akuphoqelekile, kodwa abakhiqizi bezimoto sebevele beqeda njalo, isimo kuphela ukutholakala kwama-airbag ekhanda. Izingxenye ezifanayo zomzimba womuntu omdala zihlolwa njengasekushayweni kwangaphambilini. Futhi - amaphuzu aphezulu angu-8.
• Oukuvikelwa komgogodla wesibeletho emthelela wangemuva, lokhu futhi ukuhlolwa kokugcina kubagibeli abadala. Ukuma kwesihlalo kanye ne-engeli yekhanda kulawulwa, futhi kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izihlalo eziningi zisasebenza kabi namuhla. Lapha ungathola amaphuzu aphezulu angu-4.

Isigaba sesibili sezivivinyo senzelwe ukuphepha kwabagibeli egumbini lezingane, ukumaka ukufakwa nokunamathiselwa kwezihlalo nezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha.

• Kubonwa amadamu amabili mbumbulu. izingane izinyanga ezingu-18 no-36etholakala ezihlalweni zemoto ezihlalweni ezingemuva. Konke ukushayisana okukhulunywe ngakho kuze kube manje kufanele kurekhodwe, ngaphandle kokulingisa kwangemuva komthelela. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa ngempumelelo, womabili la ma-dummies angathola amaphuzu aphezulu ayi-12 ngokuzimela.
• Ngezansi ukukalwa kwamaphuzu ama-4 okuphezulu kokumakwa kwamaphuzu esihlalo semoto, futhi izinketho ngokwazo zinikela ngamaphoyinti ama-2 okubamba isihlalo semoto.
• Isiphetho sesigaba sesibili ukuhlolwa kokumakwa okwanele kwesimo sabakhubazekile esikhwameni somoya somgibeli kuphaneli yensimbi, kukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka kucishwe isikhwama somoya somgibeli kanye nethuba elilandelayo lokubeka isihlalo semoto kolunye uhlangothi, ubukhona amabhande esihlalo anamaphoyinti amathathu nezixwayiso. Amaphuzu ayi-13 kuphela.

Isigaba sesithathu silawula ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzisi bomgwaqo abasengozini enkulu - abahamba ngezinyawo. Kuhlanganisa:

• Nngentengo ukumbumbuluzwa komthelela ikhanda lengane (2,5 kg) a ikhanda lomuntu omdala (4,8 kg) ku-hood yemoto, ngobuciko ngamaphuzu angama-24 (inothi: umphumela ojwayelekile wamaphoyinti ayi-16-18, okusho ukuthi nezimoto ezinesilinganiso esiphelele ngokuvamile azifinyeleli ezingeni lesilinganiso esiphezulu).
• Unhlangothi we-pelvic o emaphethelweni ebhonethi enamaphuzu aphezulu ayi-6 (imvamisa indawo eyingozi kakhulu yokulimala kwabahamba ngezinyawo, enamaphuzu angaba ngu-XNUMX).
• Ukukhahlela o bumper ophakathi nendawo nangaphansi, lapho izimoto zivame ukuthola amaphuzu aphelele ayi-6.

Isigaba sokugcina, sokugcina, sesine sihlola amasistimu asizayo.

• Ungathola futhi izikhumbuzi mayelana nokungawagqoki amabhande esihlalo kanye nokuba khona kwesistimu yesimanje yokuqiniswa kwe-serial - ngamaphoyinti angu-3, ​​imoto ithola umkhawulo wejubane, uma ifakiwe.

Umphumela ophelele, njengoba iningi lethu selivele lazi, uveza inani lezinkanyezi, lapho izinkanyezi ezi-5 zisho ukuphepha okungcono, okuncipha kancane kancane njengoba inani lezinkanyezi lincipha. Izindlela zenziwe zaqina kancane kancane selokhu kuqale ukuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka, okusho ukuthi imoto ethola izinkanyezi ezigcwele lapho yethulwa izofinyelela amazinga okuphepha, ngokwesibonelo, ezingeni lezinkanyezi ezintathu zanamuhla (bheka imiphumela yezinkanyezi ezintathu yakamuva yePeugeot 107 / Citroen C1 / Toyota kathathu i-Aygo, enezinga eliphakeme kakhulu ngesikhathi sokungena emakethe).

Indlela yokuhlola

Kakade, yiziphi izindlela okumele izimoto zesimanje zihlangabezane nazo ukuze ziziqhenye ngesilinganiso "sezinkanyezi" esihle kakhulu? Umphumela wokugcina ukhishwa ngokususelwa kumaphuzu wephuzu ngalinye kulawa maqembu amane ashiwo, avezwe njengephesenti.

I-NCAP yakamuva yakhelwe ukwenza Isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezi-5 ngenzuzo encane:

• 80% wesilinganiso esiphelele,
• Ukuvikelwa kwama-80% kwabagibeli abadala,
• 75% ukuvikelwa kwengane,
• Ukuvikelwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo okungama-60%,
• Ama-60% wezinhlelo ezisizayo.

Isilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezi-4 imoto ifanelwe ukuthobela lokhu:

• 70% wesilinganiso esiphelele,
• Ukuvikelwa kwama-70% kwabagibeli abadala,
• 60% ukuvikelwa kwengane,
• Ukuvikelwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo okungama-50%,
• Ama-40% wezinhlelo ezisizayo.

3 izinkanyezi ukunqoba kulinganiswe:

• 60% wesilinganiso esiphelele,
• Ukuvikelwa kwama-40% kwabagibeli abadala,
• 30% ukuvikelwa kwengane,
• Ukuvikelwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo okungama-25%,
• Ama-25% wezinhlelo ezisizayo.

Ekugcineni, ngombono wami, ngafika ephuzwini elibaluleke kakhulu lale ndatshana, ebibuye ibe yisikhuthazo sokuqala salesi sihloko. Igama ngokwalo liyichaza ngokunembe kakhulu. Umuntu onquma ukuthenga imoto entsha futhi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokuphepha zakamuva nezinhlelo, ngakho-ke ukuphepha okuphezulu kakhulu, kumele aqonde ukuthi usathenga kuphela “ibhokisi” lensimbi noplastiki elingakwazi ukuhamba . isivinini esiyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhanjiswa okuphelele kwamandla emigwaqeni kuqinisekiswa yizindawo ezine kuphela zokuxhumana zamathayi kasayizi ojwayelekile "ubaba". Ukuthi imodeli yakamuva ephezulu kakhulu inemikhawulo yayo futhi yaklanywa ngemithelela esivele yaziwa onjiniyela abayicubungula ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka, kepha kwenzekani uma siguqula imithetho yomthelela? Lokhu yikho kanye okwabizwa yiAmerican Highway Traffic Safety Organisation ISIKHUNGO SOMshwalense SOKUPHEPHA EMigwaqweni vele ngo-2008 ngaphansi kwegama Ukuhlolwa kokugqagqana okuncane... Ngendlela, yaziwa ngezimo ezinzima kunaseYurophu, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-rollover kwamaSUV (okuvezwe njengephesenti lokuqhuma okungaba khona), okuphumelela kakhulu ngemuva kwesigaxa esikhulu.

Ukuhlolwa kokugqagqana okuncane

Noma kungenjalo: ukuthinteka ekhanda kusithiyo esiqinile ngokugqagqana okuncane. Lokhu kushayisana ngqo ngejubane lika-64 km / h kusithiyo esingakhubazeki (esime) esinokugqagqana okungama-20% kuphela (imoto ihlangana futhi okokuqala ishaya isithiyo ku-20% kuphela wokubuka phambili indawo, ama-80% asele awasithinti isithiyo ngesikhathi somthelela wokuqala). Lokhu kuhlolwa kulingisa umthelela ngemuva komzamo wokuqala wokugwema isithiyo esinzima njengesihlahla. Isilinganiso sokulinganisa siqukethe izilinganiso ezine zomlomo: okuhle, okulungile, umngcele, futhi obuthakathaka. Impela ukhuluma ngoba kuyefana nezwe lethu eYurophu (40% ukugqagqana kanye nesithiyo esikhubazekayo). Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yamisa wonke umuntu, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi nezimoto eziphephe kakhulu zazingakhelwanga lo mthelela futhi zanikeza umshayeli ukulimala okubulalayo ngisho nangesivinini "sedolobha". Isikhathi sesihambile, njengabanye abakhiqizi kulokhu. Kuyacaca ukubona umehluko phakathi kwemodeli elungele lolu hlobo lomthelela, nemodeli lapho onjiniyela bengazange bahambise ngayo amarobhothi amaningi kangaka. IVolvo ilungile kule ndawo yezokuphepha futhi imodele izinhlobo zayo ezintsha (2012) S60 neXC60, ngakho akumele kusimangaze ukuthi izimoto zithole izilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu. Uphinde wamangaza nemoto yohlobo lweToyota iQ, nayo esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kwangimangaza mathupha imodeli yakamuva ye-BMW 3 F30, okhomishani abayilinganisela njengemikhawulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezimbili zeLexus (njengehlumela likanokusho lohlobo lweToyota) azitholanga izilinganiso ezenelisa kakhulu. Kunamamodeli amaningi afakazelwe, wonke atholakala ngokukhululekile kunethiwekhi.