P-51 Mustang eMpini yaseKorea
ULieutenant Colonel Robert "Pancho" Pasqualicchio, umkhuzi we-18 FBG, uzungeza i-Mustang yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi "Ol 'NaD SOB" ("Napalm Drop Son of a Bitch"); September 1951 Indiza ekhonjisiwe (45-11742) yadalwa njenge-P-51D-30-NT futhi yayiyi-Mustang yokugcina ekhiqizwa yi-North American Aviation.
I-Mustang, i-fighter edumile eyangena emlandweni njengayo eyaphula amandla e-Luftwaffe ngo-1944-1945, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva eKorea yadlala indima yokungabongi nengafaneleki kuye njengendiza yokuhlasela. Ukuhlanganyela kwakhe kule mpi kuhunyushwa nanamuhla - ngokungafanele! - okufana nelukuluku kunokuthi kube nomthelela noma kube nomthelela emphumeleni walokhu kungqubuzana.
Ukugqashuka kwempi eKorea kwaba yindaba yesikhathi nje, njengoba abantu baseMelika kanye namaRussia bahlukanisa izwe ngesigamu ngo-1945, bengamele ukwakhiwa kwezifunda ezimbili ezinobutha - esobuKhomanisi enyakatho nesonxiwankulu eningizimu. eminyakeni emithathu kamuva.
Nakuba impi yokulawula iNhlonhlo YaseKorea yayingenakugwenywa, futhi impi yashuba iminyaka, ibutho laseNingizimu Korea lalingayilungele neze. Yayingenazo izimoto ezihlomile, futhi cishe ingekho ibutho lomoya - abaseMelika bancamela ukulahla inqwaba yezindiza ezasala eMpumalanga Ekude ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II kunokuba bazidlulisele kumngane waseKorea ukuze "bangaphazamisi ibhalansi yamandla ezweni." isifunda”. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amasosha e-DPRK (DPRK) athola kumaRussia, ikakhulukazi, amathangi amaningi nezindiza (ikakhulukazi i-Yak-9P fighters kanye nezindiza zokuhlasela ze-Il-10). Ekuseni ngo-June 25, 1950, bawela i-38th parallel.
"Flying Tigers of Korea"
Ekuqaleni, amaMelika, abavikeli abakhulu baseNingizimu Korea (nakuba amabutho e-UN ekugcineni aba amazwe angu-21, amasosha angama-90% avela e-United States) ayengakulungele ukuxosha ukuhlasela kwalolu hlobo.
Izingxenye ze-US Air Force zahlanganiswa zaba yi-FEAF (Far East Air Force), i.e. I-Air Force yaseMpumalanga Ekude. Lokhu kwakheka okwake kwaba namandla, nakuba ngokokuphatha kwakunamabutho amathathu e-Air Force, kusukela ngoMeyi 31, 1950, kwakunezindiza ezingu-553 kuphela ezisebenzayo, kuhlanganise nezilwi ezingama-397: 365 F-80 Shooting Star kanye nama-twin-hull angu-32, izinjini ezimbili F- 82 nge-piston drive. Umnyombo walo mbutho kwakuyi-FBG yesi-8 nesama-49 (IQembu Le-Fighter-Bomber) kanye ne-FIG yama-35 (Iqembu le-Fighter-Interceptor) elimiswe eJapane kanye nengxenye yamabutho abambayo. Bobathathu, kanye ne-18th FBG emiswe ePhilippines, yaguqulwa isuka ku-F-1949 Mustangs yaya ku-F-1950s phakathi kuka-'51 no-'80 - ezinye izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kweMpi YaseKorea.
Ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-F-80, nakuba kwakubonakala sengathi i-quantum leap (isuka ku-piston iye enjinini ye-jet), kwayiphusha ekuzivikeleni okujulile. Kwakukhona izinganekwane mayelana nobubanzi be-Mustang. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ama-fighters alolu hlobo andiza esuka e-Iwo Jima phezu kweTokyo - cishe amakhilomitha angu-1200 ukuya nje. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-F-80, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphezulu kukaphethiloli, yayinebanga elincane kakhulu - kuphela i-160 km egcinwe emathangi angaphakathi. Nakuba indiza yayingase ifakwe amathangi amabili angaphandle, okwandisa ububanzi bayo cishe ku-360 km, kulokhu kumiswa yayingakwazi ukuthwala amabhomu. Ibanga elisuka eziqhingini zaseJapane eziseduze (i-Kyushu ne-Honshu) ukuya ku-38th parallel, lapho impi yaqala khona, yayingaba ngu-580 km. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindiza ezisekela amaqhinga kwakufanele zingandizeli nje kuphela, zihlasele futhi indize zihambe, kodwa ngokuvamile zizungeza, zilungele ukunikeza usizo lapho zibizwa phansi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kabusha okungenzeka kwamayunithi e-F-80 eNingizimu Korea akuzange kuyixazulule inkinga. Kulolu hlobo lwendiza, kwakudingeka imizila yezindiza eqinisiwe engamamitha angu-2200. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngisho naseJapane kwakunezikhumulo zezindiza ezine kuphela. Babengekho eNingizimu Korea, futhi bonke abanye babesesimweni esibi kakhulu. Nakuba ngesikhathi sokuhlala kuleli zwe, amaJapane akha izinkundla zezindiza eziyishumi, ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, amaKorea, ayengenazo izindiza zokulwa, agcina amabili kuphela esimweni sokusebenza.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngemva kokuqala kwempi, i-F-82 yokuqala yavela phezu kwendawo yokulwa - ukuphela kwe-US Air Force fighters eyayitholakala ngaleso sikhathi, uhla lwazo oluvumela imikhankaso ende. Abasebenzi babo benza uchungechunge lwezindiza zokuhlola endaweni yenhloko-dolobha yaseNingizimu Korea, iSeoul, eyathunjwa yisitha ngoJuni 28. Khonamanjalo, u-Lee Seung-man, umongameli waseNingizimu Korea, wayecindezela inxusa laseMelika ukuba limhlelele izindiza zokulwa, okuthiwa ufuna ama-Mustang ayishumi kuphela. Ephendula, abaseMelika bandize abashayeli bezindiza abayishumi baseNingizimu Korea baya e-Itazuke Air Base eJapane ukuze babaqeqeshele ukushayela i-F-51. Nokho, lezo ezazitholakala eJapane kwakuyizindiza ezimbalwa ezindala ezazisetshenziselwa ukudonsa okuhlosiwe kokuzijwayeza. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli bezindiza baseKorea, ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lwe-Fight One, kwaphathiswa amavolontiya avela ku-VBR yesi-8. Babeyalwe ngumphathi. UDean Hess, umakadebona wokusebenza eFrance ngo-1944 ekulawuleni kweThunderbolt.
Ngokushesha kwabonakala ukuthi ama-Mustangs azodinga abantu baseKorea abangaphezu kweshumi abaqeqeshiwe. Izikhumulo zezindiza iJohnson (manje eyi-Iruma) neTachikawa eduze kwaseTokyo zazinezindiza ezingu-37 zalolu hlobo ezazilindele ukuchithwa, kodwa zonke zazidinga ukulungiswa okukhulu. Ama-Mustang amaningi afinyelela ku-764 asebenza ku-US National Guard, futhi angu-794 agcinwe endaweni egciniwe - kodwa-ke, kwakudingeka alethwe e-USA.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kweMpi Yezwe II kubonise ukuthi izindiza ezinamandla njengeThunderbolt noma i-F4U Corsair (ezamuva zasetshenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu eKorea yi-US Navy kanye ne-US Marine Corps - funda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko). I-Aviation International" 8/2019). I-Mustang, ifakwe injini ye-inline epholile uketshezi, yachayeka emlilweni. U-Edgar Schmued, owaklama le ndiza, waxwayisa ngokumelene nokuyisebenzisela ukuhlasela okuqondiswe phansi, echaza ukuthi yayingenathemba nhlobo kule ndima, ngoba inhlamvu yesibhamu esisodwa esingu-0,3-intshi ingangena kurediyetha, bese uzoba nemizuzu emibili yokundiza. ngaphambi kokuthi injini iqhubeke. Ngempela, lapho ama-Mustangs ehloswe ekuhlosweni komhlaba ezinyangeni zokugcina zeMpi Yezwe II, alahlekelwa kakhulu ngenxa yomlilo wokulwa nezindiza. E-Korea, kwakubi nakakhulu kulokhu, ngoba lapha isitha sasijwayele ukudubula indiza ezindizayo. ngezikhali ezincane, njengezibhamu ze-submachine.
Pho kungani amaThunderbolt engazange ethulwe? Lapho kugqashuka iMpi YaseKorea, kwakukhona ama-F-1167 angu-47 e-United States, nakuba iningi lamayunithi ayesebenza ne-National Guard lalihlanganisa angu-265 kuphela. amayunithi ayemiswe ngaleso sikhathi eMpumalanga Ekude, ama-US Air Force fighters asebenzisa ama-Mustangs esikhathini esingaphambi kokuba aguqulwe abe amajethi (amanye ama-squadrons aze agcina izibonelo ezizodwa ngezinjongo zokuxhumana). Ngakho-ke, babazi ukuthi baphathwa kanjani, futhi basebenzise abasebenzi ukuthi baziphathe kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-F-51 ahoxisiwe ayesese-Japan, futhi kwakungekho nhlobo i-Thunderbolt - futhi isikhathi sasihamba.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala kohlelo lweBout One, kwathathwa isinqumo sokudlulisela ukuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli bezindiza baseKorea ezweni labo. Ngalolo suku, ntambama ngoJuni 29, uGeneral MacArthur wayekhona futhi ukubamba ingqungquthela noMongameli u-Lee eSuwon. Ngemva nje kokufika, isikhumulo sezindiza sahlaselwa yizindiza zaseNyakatho Korea. UJenene noMengameli baphume babheke ukuthi kwenzakalani. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwafika ama-Mustang amane, aqhutshwa abafundisi baseMelika. Ngokushesha abashayeli bawo baxosha isitha. 2/l. U-Orrin Fox udubule izindiza ezimbili ezihlasela i-Il-10. URichard Burns yedwa. ULieutenant Harry Sandlin ubike nge-La-7 fighter. UMongameli uRhee owayejabule kakhulu, ebhekisela kumavolontiya aseMelika alwela impi yangaphambili yeBurma neChina, wawabiza ngokuthi "ama-tiger ezindizayo zaseKorea."
Ngobusuku balolo suku (Juni 29), uNdunankulu wase-Australia wavuma ukubandakanya ama-Mustangs we-77 Squadron. Bekuyibutho lokugcina le-RAAF elisasele eJapan ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II. Yayalwa nguMkhuzi Webutho Lomoya uLouis Spence, okwathi ekuqaleni kuka-1941/42, endiza iKittyhawks ne-3rd Squadron RAAF, wenza amahlandla angama-99 eNyakatho Afrika futhi wadubula izindiza ezimbili. Kamuva wayala iSpitfire Squadron (452 Squadron RAAF) ePacific.
Abase-Australia baqala ukusebenza ngomhla zi-2 kuJulayi 1950 besuka endaweni yabo e-Iwakuni eduze kwaseHiroshima, bephelezela amabhomu e-US Air Force. Baqale baphelezela abahlaseli be-B-26 baya eSeoul, ababeqondise amabhuloho phezu koMfula i-Hangang. Endleleni, ama-Australia kwadingeka agweme ukujika okubukhali emgqeni wokuhlasela we-American F-80s, owabathatha njengesitha. Babe sebephelezela iYonpo Superfortece B-29s. Ngakusasa (Julayi 3) bayalwa ukuba bahlasele endaweni ephakathi kweSuwon nePyeongtaek. U-V/Cm Spence wabuza imininingwane yokuthi isitha sase siye kude kangako eningizimu. Nokho uqinisekiswe ukuthi leli cala lihlonzwe ngendlela. Eqinisweni, ama-Mustangs ase-Australia ahlasele amasosha aseNingizimu Korea, abulala angu-29 futhi alimala abaningi. Ithimba lamasosha lihlulwe okokuqala ngoJulayi 7, lapho iphini likamkhuzi wamasosha, uSergeant Graham Strout, ebulawa umlilo wezokuvikela emoyeni ngesikhathi kuhlasela igceke le-marshalling eSamchek.
Izikhali "Ama-Mustang" 127-mm imicibisholo ye-HVAR. Nakuba izikhali zamathangi aseNyakatho Korea T-34/85 zazimelana nazo, zazisebenza kahle futhi zazisetshenziswa kabanzi ngokumelene nezinye izinto zokusebenza nezindawo zokudubula izikhali ezilwa nezindiza.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kakhulu
Khonamanjalo, ngoJulayi 3, abashayeli bezindiza bohlelo lwe-Fight One - abayishumi baseMelika (abafundisi) nabayisithupha baseNingizimu Korea - baqala ukulwa enkundleni yezindiza eDaegu (K-2). Ukuhlasela kwabo kokuqala kuqondise amakholomu aholayo e-DPRK 4th Mechanized Division njengoba isuka eYongdeungpo ibheke eSuwon. Ngakusasa (July 4) esifundeni sase-Anyang, eningizimu yeSeoul, bahlasela ikholomu yamathangi i-T-34/85 nezinye izinto zokusebenza. UColonel Keun-Sok Lee ushonile kulokhu kuhlasela, okungenzeka ukuthi udutshulwe ngomlilo ophikisana nendiza, nakuba ngokusho kolunye uhlobo lwezenzakalo, akazange akwazi ukukhipha i-F-51 yakhe endizeni yokutshuza futhi yaphahlazeka. Kunoma yikuphi, wayengumshayeli wokuqala we-Mustang owawa eMpini yaseKorea. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, u-Lee, ngaleso sikhathi owayengusayitsheni, walwa (ngaphansi kwegama okuthiwa u-Aoki Akira) eButhweni Lasemoyeni LaseJapane, endiza ama-Ki-27 Nate fighters ne-77th Sentai. Phakathi nempi yangoDisemba 25, 1941 phezu kweRangoon (okuxakayo, "neFlying Tigers"), wadutshulwa wabanjwa.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuhoxiswa okwesikhashana abashayeli bezindiza baseKorea emandleni okulwa futhi bavunyelwe ukuqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa kwabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, bashiywe nama-Mustang ayisithupha kanye no-Maj. Hess kanye nokapteni. UMilton Bellovin njengabafundisi. Empini, bathathelwa indawo amavolontiya e-18 FBG (ikakhulukazi avela eqenjini elifanayo - i-12 FBS), eyayimi ePhilippines. Iqembu elaziwa ngokuthi "i-Dallas Squadron" futhi abashayeli bezindiza babebalelwa ku-338, kuhlanganise namaphoyisa angu-36. Yayalwa nguKaputeni u-Harry Moreland, okwathi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili (ekhonza ku-27 FG) wandiza ama-Thunderbolt 150 e-Italy nase-France. Leli qembu lafika eJapane ngoJulayi 10 lasuka laya eDaegu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, lapho lalihlanganisa khona ababengabafundisi beBout One (ngaphandle kukaHess noBellovin).
Ukaputeni weqembu u-Morelanda wamukele igama elithi 51. FS (P) - Uhlamvu "P" (Okwesikhashana) lwalusho isimo saso esithuthukisiwe, sesikhashana. Waqala ukulwa ngoJulayi 15, enezindiza ezingu-16 kuphela ezisebenza. Umsebenzi wokuqala weqembu kwakuwukucekela phansi izinqola zezinhlamvu zesitimela ezishiywe eDaejeon ngabaseMelika abahlehla ngokushesha. UCaptain Moreland, umholi weqembu, ukhumbula ngolunye lwezinsuku zakhe zokuqala eKorea:
Sandiza ngezindiza ezimbili emgwaqeni osuka eSeoul uya eDaejeon ngenhloso yokuhlasela yonke into egoqwe emiphongolweni yethu. Inhloso yethu yokuqala kwaba amaloli amabili aseNyakatho Korea, esadubula ngawo sabe sesiwashaya ngama-napalm.
Bekugcwele izimoto emigwaqweni eseduze. Ngemva kwemizuzwana siphendukele eningizimu, ngabona inqwaba yotshani phakathi nenkundla enezinyathelo eziya kuyo. Ngandizela phansi ngabona ukuthi kwakuyithangi elifihlekile. Njengoba ngaleso sikhathi sase sisebenzise yonke i-napalm, sanquma ukubona ukuthi izibhamu zethu ezingama-intshi ezingama-intshi zazikwazi yini ukwenza okuthile. Izinhlamvu azikwazanga ukungena ezikhalini, kodwa zashisa utshani. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, sandiza izikhathi eziningana phezu kwesiteki sotshani ukuze sibase umlilo ngomoya. Ilangabi labilisa ngokoqobo ethangini - lapho sizungeza phezu kwalo, laqhuma kungazelelwe. Omunye umshayeli wendiza uthe, "Uma udubule isigxobo sotshani kanje bese sikhipha inhlansi, uyazi ukuthi kuningi kuso kunotshani."
Umshayeli wendiza wokuqala waleli qembu ushonile kwakungu-2/Lt W. Bille Crabtree, owaqhumisa amabhomu akhe ngomhla zingama-25 kuJulayi ngesikhathi ehlasela igoli eGwangju. Ekupheleni kwenyanga, uNo. 51 Squadron (P) wayeselahlekelwe ama-Mustang ayishumi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ngenxa yesimo esimangalisayo ngaphambili, wahlasela amakholomu ezitha ezimashayo ngisho nasebusuku, nakuba i-F-51 yayingamfanele neze - amalangabi omlilo wesibhamu kanye nomlilo we-rocket waphuphuthekisa abashayeli bezindiza.
Ngo-Agasti, i-Moreland Squadron yaba ngeyokuqala e-Korea ukwethula imicibisholo ejikijelwa ngamathangi engu-6,5-intshi (165 mm) ye-ATAR enesihloko se-HEAT. Amagobolondo e-HVAR angu-5-intshi (127 mm) ngokuvamile ayevala ithangi, aphule amathrekhi. I-Napalm, ethuthwa ngamathangi angaphansi, yahlala iyisikhali esiyingozi kunazo zonke se-Mustangs kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi. Ngisho noma umshayeli wendiza engalishayanga ilitshe ngokuqondile, injoloba kumathrekhi we-T-34/85 yayivame ukuthungela umlilo ngenxa yomlilo ovuthayo futhi ithangi lonke livutha. I-Napalm futhi kwakuyisona sikhali kuphela esasatshwa amasosha aseNyakatho Korea. Lapho zidutshulwa noma ziqhunyiswa ngamabhomu, ngisho nalabo ababehlome ngezibhamu zamasosha kuphela babelala ngomhlane badubule baqonde esibhakabhakeni.
UCaptain Marvin Wallace oneminyaka engama-35. U-FIG uyakhumbula: Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwe-napalm, kwakumangaza ukuthi izidumbu eziningi zamasosha aseKorea azizange zibonise izimpawu zomlilo. Lokhu mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yokuthi uphethiloli owawujiyile kujeli wawushisa kakhulu, wawumunca wonke umoya-mpilo osemoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yakhipha intuthu eningi ecisha umoya.
Ekuqaleni, abashayeli bezindiza be-Mustang bahlasele okuhlosiwe okuhlangatshezwane nabo ngokungahleliwe, abasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu - endaweni ephansi yamafu, endaweni enezintaba, beqondiswa ukufundwa kwekhampasi kanye nengqondo yabo (iqoqo elicebile lamamephu nezithombe zasemoyeni lalahleka lapho abaseMelika behlehla eKorea. ngo-1949). Ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yabo kuye kwanda kakhulu kusukela ibutho laseMelika seliphinde lakwazi ubuciko bokukhomba ngomsakazo, okwakubonakala sengathi kwalibaleka ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili.
Ngenxa yengqungquthela eyayingoJulayi 7 eTokyo, indlunkulu ye-FEAF yanquma ukuhlomisa kabusha amaqembu ayisithupha e-F-80 ngama-F-51, njengoba akamuva etholakala. Inani le-Mustangs elilungisiwe eJapane lenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukubahlomisa nge-FIS engu-40 kusukela kubutho lama-35. Iqembu lathola ama-Mustangs ngomhlaka-10 Julayi, futhi laqala ukusebenza ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu lisuka e-Pohang ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Korea, ngokushesha nje lapho ibutho lonjiniyela liqeda ukubeka amacansi e-PSP anezimbobo zensimbi enkundleni yezindiza yakudala yaseJapane, yase iqokwa ukuthi i-K. -3 . Lokhu kushesha kwakunqunywa isimo esiphansi - amasosha e-UN, ahlehlela emuva ePusan (ichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke eNingizimu Korea) eTsushima Strait, ahlehla lonke umugqa ongaphambili.
Ngenhlanhla, ama-reinforcements okuqala angaphandle afika ngokushesha. Zalethwa umthwali wezindiza u-USS Boxer, owagibela ama-Mustangs angu-145 (79 avela ku-National Guard units kanye nama-66 ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla zeMcClelland Air Force Base) kanye nabashayeli bezindiza abaqeqeshiwe abangu-70. Umkhumbi wasuka e-Alameda, eCalifornia ngoJulayi 14 wawahambisa e-Yokosuki, eJapane ngoJulayi 23 esikhathini esiyirekhodi lezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili namahora ayisikhombisa.
Lokhu kulethwa kwasetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukugcwalisa womabili ama-squadrons e-Korea - i-51st FS(P) kanye ne-FIS yama-40 - kundiza evamile yezindiza ezingu-25. Kamuva, i-FBS yama-67 yahlonywa kabusha, okwathi, kanye nabasebenzi be-18 FBG, uphiko lwabazali bayo, basuka ePhilippines baya eJapane. Iqembu laqala ukuhlubuka kuma-Mustangs ngo-Agasti 1 lisuka endaweni yase-Ashiya esiqhingini saseKyushu. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, indlunkulu yeyunithi yathuthela eTaeg. Lapho wathatha izintambo zokulawula i-51st FS(P), eyayisebenza ngokuzimela, yabe isishintsha igama layo yaba yi-FBS ye-12 futhi ngokunganaki waqoka umkhuzi omusha onesikhundla esikhulu (uCaptain Moreland bekufanele eneliseke ngesikhundla sokusebenza kwesikhulu esiphezulu iqembu). Yayingekho indawo yebutho lesibili eDaegu, ngakho ibutho lama-67 lasala e-Ashiya.
Kusukela ngoJulayi 30, 1950, amabutho e-FEAF ayenama-Mustang angu-264, nakuba kungewona wonke ayesebenza ngokugcwele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abashayeli bamabhanoyi benza izinguquko ezindizeni ezingenazo izinsimbi zomculo ezingaphakathi. Abanye babuye nezimpiko ezilimele ngenxa yokuthi kuqhume imiphongolo yezibhamu ezigugile ngesikhathi kudutshulwa. Inkinga ehlukile kwakuyisimo esibi sobuchwepheshe se-F-51s ethengwa phesheya kwezilwandle. Kwakukhona inkolelo emaqenjini emingcele yokuthi amayunithi e-National Guard, okwakufanele anikeze izindiza zawo ezidingweni zempi eqhubekayo, axoshe labo abanomthombo omkhulu kunabo bonke (ngaphandle kokubala iqiniso lokuthi ama-Mustangs yakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1945, ngakho-ke wonke amayunithi akhona, ngisho amasha ngokuphelele, angakaze asetshenziswe, aye "madala"). Ngandlela-thile, ukungasebenzi kahle nokwehluleka, ikakhulukazi izinjini, kwaba esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuphindaphindeka kokulahlekelwa phakathi kwabashayeli bezindiza be-F-51 eKorea.
Ukuhoxa kokuqala
Umzabalazo walokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiBusan foothold wawushube ngendlela emangalisayo. Ekuseni ngo-Agasti 5, umkhuzi we-FPS yama-67, uMajor S. Louis Sebil, wahola indlu yokugada ama-Mustang amathathu ekuhlaseleni ikholomu yemishini eseduze nedolobhana laseHamchang. Izimoto beziwela nje uMfula iNaktong, zilibangise ebhulohweni lapho amasosha e-DPRK ayeqhubekela phambili nokuhlasela i-Taegu. Indiza kaSebill ibihlome ngamarokhethi ayisithupha namabhomu amabili angu-227 kg. Endleleni yokuqala eya lapho bekuhlosiwe khona, elinye lamabhomu labhajwa ku-ejector kanye nomshayeli wendiza, ezama ukulawula i-F-51 ebabazekayo, kwaba lula nje ukushiswa phansi. Ngemva kokulimala, watshela amaphiko akhe ngenxeba, okungenzeka ukuthi lalibulala. Ngemva kokubancenga ukuthi bazame ukuya eDaegu, waphendula wathi, "Ngeke ngikwenze lokho." Ngizojika ngithathe indodana kanondindwa. Yabe isitshuza ibheke kukholomu yesitha, yadubula amarokhethi, yavula izibhamu ezingomshini, yase ishayisa inqola yezikhali, kwaqhuma ibhomu elalibhajwe ngaphansi kwephiko. Ngalesi senzo Mei. USebilla waklonyeliswa ngeNdondo Yokuhlonishwa ngemuva kokushona kwakhe.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, isikhumulo sezindiza e-Daegu (K-2) sasiseduze kakhulu nomugqa wangaphambili, kwathi ngo-Agasti 8, ikomkhulu le-18 FBG, kanye ne-12th FBG, kwaphoqeleka ukuthi ihoxise enkanjini yase-Ashiya. Ngalo lolo suku, ithimba lesibili le-3 FPG, 35th FIS, lavakashela e-Pohang (K-39), lilanda ama-Mustang alo ngosuku olwedlule. E-Pohang, bajoyina i-FIS yama-40 emiswe lapho, kodwa futhi hhayi isikhathi eside. Abasebenzi baphansi, abebesebenzela endizeni emini, kudingeke ukuthi bagweme ukuhlaselwa ngabashokobezi ababezama ukungena esikhumulweni sezindiza ebusuku. Ekugcineni, ngo-Agasti 13, ukuhlasela kwesitha kwaphoqa yonke i-FIG yama-35 ukuba ihoxise ngeTsushima Strait iye eTsuiki.
I-FBG yesi-8 kwaba ngeyokugcina kumaMustangs ukushintsha igiya ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wosuku. Ekuseni ngo-Agasti 11, abashayeli bezindiza bamaqembu amabili ayinhlanganisela - i-35th kanye ne-36th FBS - basuka e-Itazuke bayodlala i-F-51 yokuqala e-Korea futhi ekugcineni bafika eTsuiki, lapho kade bekhona kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ngalolo suku, uKaputeni uCharles Brown we-FBS yama-36 wayeqondise ku-T-34/85 yaseNyakatho Korea. Aphendule ngomlilo nangeqiniso. Akwaziwa noma bekuyigobolondo lenganono yini, ngoba izisebenzi zamathangi ahlaselwe amasosha e-KRDL zavula zonke izimbobo zadubula zodwa ngezibhamu ezingomshini! Kunoma yikuphi, ukapteni. UBrown ube nelungelo elingabazisayo lokuthi mhlawumbe uyena kuphela umshayeli kule mpi owadutshulwa ithangi (noma izisebenzi zalo).
Ngendlela, abashayeli bezindiza babengenamdlandla ikakhulukazi ngokuhlomisa kabusha i-F-51. Njengoba isazi-mlando se-8th VBR saphawula, abaningi babo babona ngamehlo abo empini edlule ukuthi kungani i-Mustang yehluleka njengendiza eseduze nokusekela amasosha aphansi. Abazange bakujabulele ukuphinde bakubonise ngezindleko zabo.
Maphakathi no-Agasti 1950, wonke amayunithi avamile e-F-51 abuyela e-Japan: i-FBG ye-18 (i-12th kanye ne-67th FBS) e-Asia, i-Kyushu, i-FIG yama-35 (i-FIS yama-39 ne-40) kanye ne-8th FBG. 35th FBS) endaweni eseduze yeTsuiki. Abantu base-Australia abavela ku-No. 36 Squadron bebesamiswe unomphela e-Iwakuni esiqhingini sase-Honshu, kusukela esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-Daegu (K-77) kuphela ukuze baphinde bafakwe izinto zokusebenza kanye nokuthela uphethiloli. Isikole sezindiza kuphela sephrojekthi ye-But One ngaphansi komyalo omkhulu. U-Hessa, usuka e-Daeeg uya e-Sacheon Airport (K-2), bese uya eJinhae (K-4). Njengengxenye yokuqeqeshwa, u-Hess wathatha abafundi bakhe wabayisa emgqeni oseduze ukuze abantu bakubo babone indiza enezimpawu zaseNingizimu Korea, okukhulise isimilo sabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngokwakhe wandiza ama-sorties angavunyelwe - kuze kube izikhathi eziyishumi ngosuku (sic!) - lapho athola khona isiteketiso esithi "Air Force lone".
Isikhumulo sezindiza saseChinghe sasiseduze kakhulu nolayini wangaphambili owawuzungeze ibhuloho laseBusan ukuze ulondoloze ibutho lezindiza elivamile lapho. Ngenhlanhla, amakhilomitha ambalwa empumalanga yeBusan, abaseMelika bathola isikhumulo sezindiza saseJapan esikhohliwe. Ngokushesha nje lapho amasosha onjiniyela esakha kabusha uhlelo lwemisele yamanzi futhi abeka amacansi ensimbi, ngo-September 8, i-18th Mustang VBR yahamba. Kusukela lapho, isikhumulo sezindiza sifakwe ohlwini njenge-Busan East (K-9).
