Izimoto ezingama-hybrid ziwuthathaphi ugesi wazo?
AmaHybrid wuhlobo oludume kakhulu lwezimoto ezilungele imvelo emhlabeni. Ukuthandwa kwabo kungenxa yokwehliswa okuphawulekayo kwentengo - okwamanje, ama-hybrids amaningi abiza okufanayo ne-diesel efanayo nokucushwa okufanayo. Isizathu sesibili ukusebenziseka kalula - ama-hybrids afaka uphethiloli njenganoma iyiphi enye imoto evuthayo yangaphakathi, futhi awakhokhiswa lapho kuphuma ugesi. Kodwa uma bengenawo amashaja, ugesi kagesi uwuthathaphi?
Kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bezinjini njengamanje emakethe obunciphisa noma buqede ukukhishwa kwe-exhaust. Izimoto ezixubile yizona ezivame kakhulu, kodwa abantu abafuna ukutshala imali kwenye indlela yokushayela bangaphinde bakhethe ama-plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi (EVs), kanti kwamanye amazwe baphinde bakhethe ne-hydrogen fuel cell cars (FCVs). Inzuzo yalezi zixazululo ezintathu ukuthi kungenzeka ukushayela ngaphandle kokukhipha umoya. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga ezithile ezihambisana nazo - izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezishajwa kumapayipi amakhulu zidinga isikhathi eside ukushajwa kabusha amabhethri. Akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukufinyelela kalula endaweni engaphandle kwekhaya noma esiteshini sokushaja ngokushesha. Izimoto ze-Hydrogen zithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela ukugcwalisa futhi zivame ukuba nobubanzi obude kunezimoto zikagesi, kodwa inethiwekhi yesiteshi sokugcwalisa isathuthukiswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimoto eziyi-hybrid zizohlala ziwuhlobo oludume kakhulu lokushayela nge-eco isikhathi esithile esizayo.
AmaHybrid ayakwazi ukuzimela uma kukhulunywa ngokushaja ibhethri elinika amandla injini kagesi. I-hybrid system ikhiqiza ugesi ngenxa yezixazululo ezimbili - uhlelo lokuvuselela amandla okubhuleka kanye nokwenza kahle ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
Esokuqala sisekelwe ekusebenzisaneni kwesistimu yamabhuleki nejeneretha. Uma umshayeli ecindezela ibhuleki, amabhuleki awasebenzi ngokushesha. Esikhundleni salokho, i-generator iqalwa kuqala, eguqula amandla amasondo ajikelezayo abe ugesi. Indlela yesibili yokushajwa kabusha ibhethri ukusebenzisa injini kaphethiloli. Omunye angase abuze - hlobo luni lokonga lokhu uma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza njengejeneretha? Phela lolu hlelo luklanywe ngendlela yokuthi lusebenzise amandla amoshakala ezimotweni ezijwayelekile. Isistimu ye-hybrid ye-Toyota yakhelwe ukugcina injini ikubanga eliphezulu le-rev kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, nanoma isivinini sokushayela sifuna amarevs aphansi noma aphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa okuguquguqukayo, injini kagesi iyasebenza, eyengeza amandla futhi ivumele umshayeli ukuthi asheshise ngesivinini esifunwa umshayeli ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile injini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-RPM aphansi anele ukunika amandla imoto, uhlelo lusagcina injini kububanzi bayo obukhulu, namandla engeziwe aqondiswe ku-alternator. Ngenxa yalokhu kusekelwa, injini kaphethiloli ayilayishwa ngokweqile, iphelelwa amandla futhi idla uphethiloli omncane.
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Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemoto kagesi ukusekela iyunithi kaphethiloli ngezikhathi zomthwalo omkhulu - ngesikhathi sokuqala nokusheshisa. Ezimotweni ezine-hybrid drive egcwele, ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokwehlukana. Ibanga likagesi leToyota Prius lilinganiselwa ku-2 km ngesikhathi. Ekuboneni kokuqala, lokhu akwanele uma sicabanga ngephutha ukuthi phakathi nohambo lonke i-motor kagesi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ibanga elifushane, futhi isikhathi esisele sizobe singenamsebenzi. Endabeni yama-hybrids akwaToyota, okuphambene kuyiqiniso. Injini kagesi isetshenziswa cishe njalo - noma ukusekela iyunithi kaphethiloli, noma umsebenzi ozimele. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi isistimu yokushayela icishe ihlale ishaja ibhethri isebenzisa izindlela ezimbili ezichazwe ngenhla.
Ukusebenza kwalesi sixazululo kufakazelwe izivivinyo ezisanda kwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseRoma. Abashayeli abangu-20 ababeshayela i-Priuss entsha bashayela u-74 km e-Rome nasezindaweni ezizungezile izikhathi eziningana ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku. Sekukonke, ibanga elihanjwe kulolu cwaningo belingamakhilomitha angama-2200. Ngokwesilinganiso, izimoto zihambe u-62,5% wendlela ngamandla kagesi wodwa, ngaphandle kokukhipha amagesi akhipha umoya. Lawa manani abephezulu nakakhulu ekushayeleni kwedolobha okujwayelekile. Isistimu yokuvuselela amandla amabhuleki ikhiqize u-1/3 kagesi osetshenziswa i-Prius ehloliwe.
