I-carbon deposit ivelaphi enjinini?

Izinjini zesimanje, ikakhulukazi izinjini zikaphethiloli, zinokuthambekela okungathandeki kokuqongelela inani elikhulu le-carbon deposits - ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lokuthatha. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, izinkinga ziqala ukuvela. Ingabe abakhiqizi bezinjini kufanele basolwe noma, njengoba abanye omakhenika besho, abasebenzisi? Kuvele ukuthi inkinga iphakathi impela.

I-buzz yenjini ijwayeleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezinjini zikaphethiloli ezine-turbocharged zesimanjemanje. Inkinga ithinta kokubili amayunithi amancane namakhudlwana. Buthaka futhi unamandla. Kuvele ukuthi akuwona umklamo ngokwawo okufanele kusolwe, kodwa ngamathuba okunikezayo.

Ibheka ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi

Uma uhlukanisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli zibe izici eziyinhloko futhi wenze isihloko sibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka, khona-ke ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, izinto ezimbili zibathinta: usayizi wenjini nesivinini. Uma womabili amapharamitha aphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuphezulu. Ayikho enye indlela. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, kungumkhiqizo walezi zici. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kunendida ukuthi imoto enkulu enenjini enamandla kakhulu izoshisa uphethiloli omncane emgwaqeni omkhulu kunemoto encane enenjini encane. Kungani? Ngoba eyokuqala ingagijima ngesivinini esiphezulu ngesivinini esiphansi senjini. Iphansi kakhulu kangangokuthi le-coefficient inomthelela kumphumela ongcono wokuvutha kunasesimeni senjini encane egijima ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu:

• umthamo 2 l, isivinini sokujikeleza 2500 rpm. - ukuvutha: 2 x 2500 = 5000 
• umthamo 3 l, isivinini sokujikeleza 1500 rpm. - ukuvutha: 3 x 1500 = 4500

Kulula, akunjalo? 

Imali engenayo ingancishiswa ngezindlela ezimbili - isilinganiso segiya ekudluliseni kanye nesilungiselelo senjini esihambisanayo. Uma injini ine-torque ephezulu nge-rpm ephansi, kungasetshenziswa i-high gear ratio ngoba izoba namandla okushayela imoto. Yingakho ama-gearbox angu-6-speed avame kakhulu ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-turbocharging ezimotweni zikaphethiloli futhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ama-compressor we-geometry aguquguqukayo ezinjini zikadizili.

Inye kuphela indlela yokunciphisa amandla enjiniuma sifuna ukuthola i-torque ephezulu kuma-revs aphansi, sisebenzisa i-boost. Ngokusebenza, sishintsha isitsha ngomoya ocindezelwe ophoqelelwe, esikhundleni sokuhlinzekwa ngokwemvelo ngengxenye efanayo (injini enkulu). 

Umthelela "wephansi" eliqinile

Nokho, ake sifinyelele iphuzu lalesi sihloko. Nokho, onjiniyela, ngokuqonda ngokuphelele lokhu okungenhla, bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi finyelela ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi ngokuthuthukisa amanani we-torque ngaphansi kwama-revs ngakho-ke lungiselela izinjini ukuthi umkhawulo ufinyelelwe ngisho nangaphambi kokudlula i-2000 rpm. Lokhu yikho abakuzuzile kuzo zombili izinjini zikadizili nekaphethroli. Kusho futhi ukuthi namuhla - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lukaphethiloli - izimoto eziningi zingashayelwa ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokudlula ku-2500 rpm. futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthola i-dynamics eyanelisayo. Zine "phansi" eqinile, okungukuthi, i-torque enkulu kangaka e-revs ephansi, ukuthi igiya lesithupha lingakwazi ukuhlanganyela kakade ku-60-70 km / h, okwakungacatshangwa ngaphambili. 

Abashayeli abaningi bashintsha ngokwalo mkhuba, ngakho bashintsha amagiya kusenesikhathi, bawubone kahle umphumela phambi kwe-dispenser. Ama-automatic transmission ahlelelwe ukuthi akhuphuke ngokushesha okukhulu. Umthelela? Ukushiswa okungalungile kwengxube ku-cylinder ngenxa yokuvutha kwengono, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuvutha futhi ngenxa yomjovo oqondile, ama-valve awawashwa ngophethiloli futhi umsizi unqwabelana kuwo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ukuvutha okungavamile kuyaqhubeka, njengoba umoya ungenakho ukugeleza "okuhlanzekile" ngepheshana lokungenisa, ukuhlukana komlilo kuyanda, okuholela ekuqoqweni kwe-soot.

Ezinye izici

Ake sengeze kulokhu ukusetshenziswa yonke indawo kwezimoto kanye nokutholakala kwazongokuvamile, esikhundleni sokuhamba i-1-2 km ngezinyawo, ngebhayisikili noma ngezithuthi zomphakathi, singena emotweni. Injini iyashisa futhi izitebele. Ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa elilungile, amadiphozi ekhabhoni kufanele akheke. Ijubane eliphansi kanye nokuntuleka kokushisa okufunayo akuvumeli injini ukuba ikhiphe amadiphozithi e-carbon ngendlela engokwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kwezinkulungwane ezingu-50 km, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-100 XNUMX km, injini iyayeka ukukhiqiza amandla aphelele futhi inezinkinga ngokusebenza kahle. Lonke uhlelo lokudla kufanele luhlanzwe, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nama-valve.

Kepha akupheleli lapho. Izinsizakalo ze-Inter-oil ezinempilo ende yesevisi futhi banesibopho sokuqoqwa kwamadiphozithi ekhabhoni. Iminyaka kawoyela, ayiyishisi kahle injini, kunalokho izinhlayiya zikawoyela zihlala ngaphakathi enjinini. Ukugcinwa njalo nge-25-30 km eyizinkulungwane kukhulu kakhulu enjini enomklamo ohlangene, uhlelo lokugcoba olungabamba amalitha angu-3-4 kuphela kawoyela. Ngokuvamile, uwoyela omdala ubangela ukusebenza okungalungile kwe-tensioner yebhande lesikhathiengasebenza kuwoyela wenjini kuphela. Lokhu kuholela ekunwetshweni kweketango futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekushintsheni okuyingxenye ezigabeni zokusabalalisa igesi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ekushiseni okungafanele kwengxube. Futhi siyeza lapho siqala khona. Leli sondo elihlanyayo kunzima ukulimisa - lezi izinjini, futhi siyazisebenzisa. Inzuzo yalokhu ilula.

Ngakho, Amadiphozithi ekhabhoni enjini aphuma ku:

• Imodi "ebandayo" - amabanga amafushane, isivinini esiphansi
• umjovo kaphethiloli oqondile - akukho ukushiswa kukaphethiloli kwamavalvu okungenisa
• ukushiswa okungafanele - umthwalo omkhulu ngesivinini esiphansi, ukungcoliswa kwama-valve ngophethiloli, ukwelulwa kweketango lesikhathi
• izikhawu ezinde kakhulu zokushintsha uwoyela - ukuguga kwamafutha kanye nokunqwabelana kokungcola enjinini
• uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi