Ukutholwa kwamakristalu esikhathi esisha
Kusanda kuvela uhlobo oluxakile lwento ebizwa ngokuthi i-time crystal ezindaweni ezimbili ezintsha. Ososayensi baye benza i-crystal enjalo ku-monoammonium phosphate, njengoba kubikwe kumagazini kaMeyi we-Physical Review Letters, futhi elinye iqembu liye layidala endaweni yoketshezi equkethe izinhlayiya ezimise okwenkanyezi, le ncwadi yavela ku-Physical Review.
Ngokungafani nezinye izibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu, isikhathi crystal kusuka ku-monoammonium phosphate, yenziwe ngezinto eziqinile ezinesakhiwo esinqunyiwe somzimba, i.e. ikristalu yendabuko. Zonke ezinye izinto okusuka kuzo amakristalu enziwe kusukela manje kuze kube manje ziphazamisekile. Ososayensi baqale ukudala amakristalu esikhathi ngo-2016. Enye yazo yayenziwe ngedayimane elinamaphutha, enye yenziwa kusetshenziswa iketango lama-ion e-ytterbium.
Amakristalu avamile afana nosawoti kanye ne-quartz ayizibonelo zamakristalu e-spatial a-odiwe anohlangothi-ntathu. Ama-athomu abo akha isimiso esiphindaphindayo esaziwa ososayensi amashumi eminyaka. Amakristalu esikhathi ahlukile. Ama-athomu awo adlidliza ngezikhathi ezithile kuqala aye kolunye uhlangothi bese eya kolunye uhlangothi, ejatshuliswa amandla kazibuthe aphehlayo (resonance). Ibizwa ngokuthi "umaka".
Ukumaka ngesikhathi sekristalu kuqukethwe ngaphakathi kwefrikhwensi ethile, nakuba ama-pulses asebenzisanayo anemisindo ehlukene. Isibonelo, ama-athomu ngesikhathi amakristalu esikhathi acwaningwa ngaso kokunye kwezivivinyo zangonyaka odlule azungeza imvamisa yesigamu kuphela sokuvunguza kwamandla kazibuthe asebenza kuwo.
Ososayensi bathi ukuqonda amakristalu esikhathi kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamawashi e-athomu, ama-gyroscopes nama-magnetometers, futhi kusize ekudaleni ubuchwepheshe be-quantum. I-US Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) imemezele uxhaso lwezimali lokucwaninga kokunye okutholwe yisayensi okuxakile eminyakeni yamuva.
- inhloko yohlelo lwe-DARPA utshele uGizmodo, UDkt. Roza Alehanda Lukashev. Imininingwane yalezi zifundo iyimfihlo, esho. Umuntu angaphetha nje ngokuthi lesi isizukulwane esisha samawashi e-athomu, asebenziseka kalula futhi azinzile kunezindawo zaselabhorethri eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje. Njengoba wazi, izikhathi ezinjalo zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi zezempi ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, i-GPS.
Umklomelo KaNobel UFrank Wilczek
Ngaphambi kokuthi amakristalu esikhathi atholakale empeleni, akhulelwa ngombono. Yasungulwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngumMelika, owathola umklomelo kaNobel. UFrank Wilczek. Ngamafuphi, umqondo wakhe uwukuphula ukulinganisa, njengoba kunjalo ngokuguqulwa kwesigaba. Kodwa-ke, ngamakristalu esikhathi sethiyori, ukulinganisa kuzokwephulwa hhayi nje ngezilinganiso ezintathu zendawo, kodwa nakwesine - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokombono kaWilczek, amakristalu esikhashana anesakhiwo esiphindaphindayo hhayi nje emkhathini kodwa nangesikhathi. Inkinga ukuthi lokhu kusho ukudlidliza kwama-athomu ku-crystal lattice, i.e. ukunyakaza ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwamandlalokho okwakubhekwa izazi zefiziksi njengento engenakwenzeka futhi engenakwenzeka.
Nakuba singakawazi amakristalu owafunwa umfundisi wodumo futhi mhlawumbe ngeke neze, ngo-2016 izazi zefiziksi eNyuvesi yaseMaryland naseHarvard University zakha amakristalu esikhathi "angapheli" (noma ahlukene). Lawa amasistimu wama-athomu noma ama-ion abonisa ukunyakaza okuhlangene nokujikelezayo, okuziphatha njengesimo esisha esingaziwa ngaphambilini, ukumelana nokuphazanyiswa okuncane.
Nakuba kungeyona into engavamile njengoProf. Wilczek, amakristalu esikhathi asanda kutholwa ayathakazelisa ngokwanele ukuheha intshisekelo yezempi. Futhi kubonakala kubaluleke ngokwanele.
