Waste motor oils. Ukwakheka nokubala

Waste amafutha okwenziwa kanye ne-semi-synthetic motor

Imikhiqizo kawoyela esetshenzisiwe iqukethe amakhemikhali ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30. Phakathi kwazo kukhona umthofu, i-zinc nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye ne-calcium, i-phosphorus ne-polycyclic compounds ephilayo. Izingxenye ezinjalo azikwazi ukubola, zinobuthi emhlabathini, amanzi, futhi zibangela ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana ezitshalweni nakubantu.

• Amafutha amaminerali anokwakheka kwe-fractional yokucwenga uwoyela futhi aqukethe cishe izithasiselo, ama-stabilizers nama-halogen reagents.
• Amafutha e-semi-synthetic atholakala ngokushintsha uwoyela wemvelo ngokwethula izithasiselo.
• Ama-analogue angama-synthetic awumkhiqizo we-chemical synthesis.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelaphi, uketshezi lokuthambisa luhlanganisa ama-alkanes anenombolo yekhabhoni engu-C₁₂ - NGE₂₀, izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi eziyi-cyclic (ama-arene) nokuphuma kokuphuma kwe-naphthene.

Njengomphumela wokusebenza, amafutha avezwa ukucindezeleka okushisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, imijikelezo yezinto eziphilayo nama-naphthenes ayakhishwa nge-oxidized, futhi amaketango kapharafini ahlukana abe mafushane. Izithasiselo, iziguquli kanye nezinto ezikhishwa yi-asphalt-resinous ziyawoma. Kulesi simo, uwoyela awuhlangabezani nezidingo zokusebenza, futhi injini iyasebenza ukuze iguge. Imfucuza ikhishelwa emkhathini futhi ibe usongo lwemvelo.

Izindlela Zokugaywa kabusha kanye Nezokulahla

Imfucumfucu enamafutha iyabuyiswa uma inqubo iphumelela ngokwezomnotho. Uma kungenjalo, imfucuza iyashiswa noma igqitshwe. Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha:

1. Ukubuyiselwa kwamakhemikhali - ukwelashwa kwe-sulfuric acid, i-alkaline hydrolysis, ukwelashwa nge-calcium carbide.
2. Ukuhlanzwa ngokomzimba - i-centrifugation, ukulungisa, ukuhlunga kwezigaba eziningi.
3. Izindlela ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali - ukulungiswa, ukuhlunga kwe-ion-exchange, ukukhishwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-adsorption, ukuhlangana.

Imfucuza kawoyela engafanele ukwenziwa kabusha ihlanzwa ezinsimbi ezisindayo, amanzi e-emulsion, nezinhlanganisela ezimelana nokushisa. Uketshezi oluphumayo lusetshenziswa njengophethiloli wezitshalo zokubhayela. Ukubalwa kwemfucuza kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nefomula:

М_mmo = K_Cl×K_в× ρ_м×∑ Vⁱ_м× Kⁱ_i-pr×Cha_i×L_i /Nⁱ_L× 10^-3,

lapho: М_mmo - inani lamafutha atholakele (kg);

К_Cl - umcengezi index;

К_в - isici sokulungisa iphesenti lamanzi;

ρ_м - ukuminyana kukadoti;

Vⁱ_м - inani le-lubricating fluid elithelwa ohlelweni;

L_i - Imayela leyunithi ye-hydraulic ngonyaka (km);

Нⁱ_L - izinga le-mileage yonyaka;

Кⁱ_i-pr inkomba yokungcola;

N_i - inombolo yokufakwa kokusebenza (izinjini).

Isigaba seHazard

Udoti owuketshezi ophuma ezimotweni, ezondiza nezinye izinto zokugcoba uthathwa njengesigaba sesithathu esiyingozi. Izinhlanganisela ezimelana namakhemikhali zochungechunge lwe-naphthenic ziyingozi emvelweni. Ama-reagents anjalo e-cyclic aholela ekushintsheni kwe-DNA yezitshalo, izifo ze-autosomal kanye ne-oncological kubantu. Izinsimbi ezinzima zidala ukulimala kwamaselula ezinso, amaphaphu nezinye izitho. I-Organochlorine kanye ne-organophosphorus izinto ze-flame retardants emafutheni okwenziwa zivusa ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, futhi ezimeni ezinzima ziholela ekuboshweni kokuphefumula. Ukumosha okuyingozi kwamafutha ezimoto kunciphisa inani lezinyoni nezinye izilwane.

Ashonaphi amafutha emoto yakho asesebenzile?