Kusukela kumbhoshongo wesimanje oncike ku-robo-butterfly
Ku "MT" siye sachaza ngokuphindaphindiwe izimangaliso ezidume kakhulu zobuchwepheshe besimanje. Sazi okuningi ngeCERN Large Hadron Collider, International Space Station, Channel Tunnel, Three Gorges Dam in China, amabhuloho afana neGolden Gate eSan Francisco, Akashi Kaikyo eTokyo, Millau Viaduct eFrance, namanye amaningi. . eyaziwa, echazwe ngezinhlanganisela eziningi zemiklamo. Isikhathi sokunaka izinto ezingaziwa kangako, kodwa ezihlukaniswa ngobunjiniyela bangempela nezixazululo zokuklama.
Ake siqale ngombhoshongo wesimanje weLeaning noma i-Capital Gate e-Abu Dhabi (1), United Arab Emirates, oqedwe ngo-2011. Lesi yisakhiwo esithambekele kakhulu emhlabeni. Itshekile ifinyelela kuma-degree angu-18 - ngokuphindwe kane ubukhulu be-Leaning Tower of Pisa edumile - futhi inezitezi ezingu-35 futhi ingamamitha angu-160 ukuphakama. Onjiniyela kwadingeka babhoboze izinqwaba ezingu-490 cishe amamitha angu-30 emhlabathini ukuze kugcinwe umthambeko. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo kunamahhovisi, indawo yokudayisa kanye nendawo yokudayisa esebenza ngokugcwele. Umbhoshongo ubuye ube neHyatt Capital Gate Hotel kanye ne-heliport.
Umhubhe womgwaqo omude kunawo wonke e-Norway, i-Laerdal iwumhubhe womgwaqo ezintabeni zase-Hornsnipa nase-Jeronnosi. Umhubhe udlula ku-gneiss eqinile amamitha angama-24. Wakhiwe ngokususa ama-cubic metres edwala angama-510 million. Ifakwe abalandeli abakhulu abahlanza futhi bakhiphe umoya. I-Laerdal Tunnel ingumhubhe wokuqala emhlabeni ofakwe uhlelo lokuhlanza umoya.
Umhubhe wokuqopha uyisandulela senye iphrojekthi yengqalasizinda ethokozisayo yaseNorway. Kunezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umgwaqo u-E39 oxhumanisa iKristiansand eningizimu yezwe neTrondheim, engamakhilomitha angaba yinkulungwane ukuya enyakatho. Kuzoba uhlelo lonke lwemigudu ephula amarekhodi, amabhuloho anqamula amafjord futhi... kunzima ukuthola isikhathi esifanele semigudu entanta emanzini, noma mhlawumbe amabhuloho anemigwaqo engekho ngenhla kodwa ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kumelwe idlule ngaphansi kobuso beSognefjord edumile, engu-3,7 km ububanzi no-1,3 km ukujula, ngakho-ke kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukwakha kokubili ibhuloho kanye nomhubhe wendabuko lapha.
Endabeni yomhubhe ongaphansi kwamanzi, kucatshangelwa okubili okuhlukile - amapayipi amakhulu antantayo anemizila yethrafikhi exhunywe ezintanteni ezinkulu (2) nokukhetha kokunamathisela amapayipi phansi ngezintambo. Njengengxenye yephrojekthi ye-E39, isb. umhubhe ogijima ngaphansi kwe-Rogfast fjord. Izoba ngu-27 km ubude futhi igijime ngamamitha angu-390 ngaphezu kolwandle, okuyenza ibe umhubhe ojulile futhi omude kunayo yonke eyake yakhiwa ngaphansi kwamanzi emhlabeni. I-E39 entsha izokwakhiwa phakathi neminyaka engama-30. Uma iphumelela, ngokuqinisekile izoba ngesinye sezimangaliso ezinkulu kakhulu zobunjiniyela zekhulu lama-XNUMX.
2. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo umhubhe ontantayo ngaphansi kwe-Sognefjord
Isimangaliso esithathwa kancane sobunjiniyela i-Falkirk Wheel in Scotland (3), isakhiwo esijiyayo esiyi-115m esiyingqayizivele esiphakamisa futhi sehlise izikebhe phakathi kwemisele yamanzi ngamaleveli ahlukene (umehluko ongu-35m), eyakhiwe ngamathani ensimbi angaphezu kuka-1200, eqhutshwa ama-hydraulic motors ayishumi futhi angu-XNUMXm. ekwazi ukuphakamisa izikebhe eziyisishiyagalombili kanyekanye. Isondo liyakwazi ukuphakamisa okulingana nezindlovu zase-Afrika eziyikhulu.
Isimangaliso esicishe singaziwa sobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke uphahla lwenkundla engunxande yaseMelbourne, i-AAMI Park, e-Australia (4). Yaklanywa ngokuhlanganisa amacembe angunxantathu ahlanganayo abe yizimo zedome. Amaphesenti angu-50 asetshenzisiwe. insimbi encane kunedizayini evamile ye-cantilever. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwasetshenziswa izinto zokwakha ezigaywe kabusha. Idizayini iqoqa amanzi emvula ophahleni futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesistimu ye-automation yesakhiwo ethuthukisiwe.
4 Melbourne Rectangular Stadium
Yakhelwe eceleni kwewa elikhulu e-Zhangjiajie National Forest Park yaseChina, i-Bailong Elevator (5) iyikheshi yangaphandle ephakeme kunazo zonke futhi esindayo kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha angama-326, futhi ingathwala abantu abangama-50 nezinkulungwane eziyi-18 ngasikhathi sinye. nsuku zonke. Ikheshi elavulwa emphakathini ngo-2002, lafakwa ohlwini lweGuinness Book of Records njengelifti elingaphandle elide nelisinda kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ukuphakama kwezintaba zaseShayina okuqopha umlando kungase kungabe kusaduma kangako, kodwa endaweni ekude kakhulu eVietnam, muva nje sekudalwe okuthile okungaqhudelana nakho ngesihloko sesakhiwo sobunjiniyela esimangalisayo. Sikhuluma nge-Cau Vang (ibhuloho legolide), indawo yokubuka engamamitha ayi-150 lapho ungabuka khona i-panorama enhle yendawo ezungezile yase-Da Nang. Ibhuloho laseCau Wang, elivulwe ngoJuni, lilenga amamitha angu-1400 ngaphezu kolwandle oluseNingizimu China, ugu lwalo oluphambi kwalabo abadlula ibhuloho. Eduze kwebhuloho lezinyawo kunezindawo Zamagugu Omhlaba ze-UNESCO - i-Cham Sanctuary e-Mu Son nase-Hoi An - ichweba lasendulo elinezakhiwo ezihlukile zamaShayina, iVietnam kanye neJapan kusukela ngekhulu le-6-XNUMXth. Izingalo esezindala zokwenziwa ezisekela ibhuloho (XNUMX) zibhekisela kumagugu asendulo ezakhiwo zaseVietnam.
Bhala izakhiwo ngendlela ehlukile
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, esikhathini sethu, imisebenzi yobunjiniyela akudingekile ukuba ibe mikhulu, ibe mikhulu, ibe mikhulu, ibe mkhulu, isisindo, kanye nomfutho wokuhlaba umxhwele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinto ezincane kakhulu, ezisheshayo nezincane zisebenza, zinkulu noma zihlaba umxhwele nakakhulu.
Ngonyaka odlule, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lezazi zefiziksi lakha uhlelo lwe-ion olubizwa ngokuthi "injini encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni." Empeleni i-calcium ion eyodwa, encane izikhathi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 kunenjini yemoto, eyasungulwa ithimba lososayensi elaliholwa uProf. Ferdinand Schmidt-Kahler kanye no-Ulrich Poschinger eJohannes Gutenberg University eMainz, eJalimane.
"Umzimba osebenzayo" enjini ye-ion uyajikeleza, okungukuthi, iyunithi yetorque ezingeni le-athomu. Isetshenziselwa ukuguqula amandla ashisayo emishayo ye-laser ibe ukudlidliza noma ukudlidliza kwe-ion evalelekile. Lokhu kudlidliza kusebenza njenge-flywheel futhi amandla akho adluliswa nge-quanta. "I-flywheel yethu ikala amandla enjini esikalini se-athomu," kuchaza omunye umbhali wocwaningo u-Mark Mitchison we-QuSys e-Trinity College Dublin esitatimendeni sabezindaba. Uma injini iphumule, ibizwa ngokuthi "izwe" elinamandla aphansi futhi lizinzile kakhulu, njengoba i-quantum physics ibikezela. Khona-ke, ngemva kokugqugquzelwa i-laser beam, i-ion drive "iphusha" i-flywheel, ibangele ukuthi igijime ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha, ithimba labacwaningi lisho embikweni walo wocwaningo.
NgoMeyi walo nyaka eChemnitz Technical University. Ososayensi beqembu bakha irobhothi elincane kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngisho "nangezinjini zejethi" (7). Idivayisi, engu-0,8 mm ubude, 0,8 mm ububanzi no-0,14 mm ukuphakama, inyakaza ukuze ikhulule amabhamuza aphindwe kabili emanzini.
7. Ama-Nanobots “anezinjini zejethi”
Robo-fly (8) iyirobhothi elincane elindizayo elingangosayizi wesinambuzane elakhiwe ososayensi e-Harvard. Inesisindo esingaphansi kwegremu futhi inemisipha kagesi eshesha kakhulu eyivumela ukuthi ishaye amaphiko izikhathi ezingu-120 ngomzuzwana futhi indize (iboshiwe). Yenziwe nge-carbon fiber, ikunika isisindo esingu-106mg. I-Wingspan 3 cm.
Impumelelo emangalisayo yezikhathi zanamuhla akuzona nje kuphela izakhiwo ezinkulu ezingaphezulu komhlaba noma imishini emincane emangalisayo ekwazi ukungena lapho ingakaze ingene khona imoto. Ngokungangabazeki, ubuchwepheshe besimanje obumangalisayo umlaza wesathelayithi we-SpaceX Starlink (bona futhi: ), ithuthukile, intuthuko kwezobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amanethiwekhi ezitha akhiqizayo (ama-GAN), ama-algorithms okuhumusha olimi lwesikhathi sangempela athuthukayo, ukuxhumana kobuchopho namakhompiyutha, njll. Angamagugu afihliwe ngomqondo wokuthi aphathwa njengobuchwepheshe Izimangaliso zekhulu leshumi Ikhulu leminyaka alibonakali kuwo wonke umuntu, okungenani ekuqaleni.
