Ukusuka esihlalweni sabakhubazekile ukuya ku-roadster, umhlaba othokozisayo wezimoto zikagesi!

Akukho ukubaleka emotweni kagesi. Zonke izimpumelelo zeminyaka emihlanu edlule azisivumeli ukuba sifinyelele isiphetho esihlukile: izimoto zikagesi ziyeza futhi azikwazi ukumiswa. Sizokukhombisa ukuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani!

Kusukela enganeni ethandekayo kuye enkingeni

Lapho imoto isilungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule, kwakusho uguquko lwangempela. Manje usungakwazi ukuhamba noma kuphi, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nanoma ubani. Ihhashi noma ujantshi wesitimela wawungakwazi ukuncintisana nokuguquguquka okungenakuqhathaniswa kwemoto. Kusukela lapho isasasa ngemoto alizange liphele.

Nokho, kukhona futhi sideside: imoto idla uphethiloli owuketshezi ngendlela yedizili noma uphethiloli, kokubili okuyimikhiqizo ye-petroleum . Uphethiloli uyashiswa bese udedelwa endaweni ezungezile. Isikhathi eside akekho owayenendaba. Kunzima ukucabanga manje, emashumini eminyaka okuqala okusebenza kwemoto, uphethiloli oholayo wawuyinto evamile. Amamegathoni ale nsimbi enobuthi enezelwa kuphethiloli futhi akhishelwa endaweni ezungezile ngezinjini. Namuhla, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuhlanza igesi ephumayo, lokhu kuyinto yesikhathi esidlule.

Nokho, izimoto ziyaqhubeka nokukhipha ubuthi: i-carbon dioxide, i-carbon monoxide, i-nitrous oxide, izinhlayiya ze-soot, i-particle matter nezinye izinto eziningi eziyingozi zingena endaweni ezungezile. Imboni yezimoto iyakwazi lokhu - futhi ikwenza okungalungile ngokuphelele: Ihlazo lika-diesel lakwaVolkswagen - ubufakazi bokuthi izinkampani azinayo isifiso nesipiliyoni sokwenza izimoto zihlanzeke ngempela.

Indlela eyodwa kuphela yokukhipha i-zero

Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwemoto olushayela luhlanzekile futhi lungakhihli lutho: imoto kagesi . Imoto kagesi ayinayo injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngakho-ke ayikhiqizi isisi esinobuthi. Izimoto zikagesi zinenombolo ezinye izinzuzo eziqhathaniswa nezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, noma kunjalo ukushiyeka okuthile .

Izinyathelo zokuhamba zikagesi bezikhona kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, abasunguli bokuqala babebheka injini kagesi njengekusasa lemboni yezimoto encane. Nokho, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yayibusa, nakuba izimoto zikagesi zingazange zinyamalale. Inkinga yabo enkulu kwakuyibhethri. Amabhethri omthofu, okuwukuphela kwawo atholakala amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, ayenzima kakhulu ukuhamba ngogesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla abo ayenganele ukuwasebenzisa ngokwezomnotho. Isikhathi eside, umhlaba wezimoto zikagesi wawulinganiselwe izinqola zegalofu, ama-scooters kanye nezimoto ezincane .

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion yaba impumelelo. Lawa madrayivu ama-ultra-compact ekuqaleni akhelwe omakhalekhukhwini namakhompyutha aphathekayo futhi ngokushesha anqoba umhlaba webhethri. Babeyigalelo lokufa kubo amabhethri e-nickel cadmium : izikhathi zokushaja ezimfushane, umthamo ophakeme kakhulu futhi, ikakhulukazi, akukho mphumela wenkumbulo noma ukufa kwebhethri ngenxa yokuphuma okujulile kwakuyizinzuzo ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion. . Usozigidi osemncane waseCalifornia weza nomqondo wokushintsha ngokuphelele amaphakethe ebhethri futhi awafake emotweni kagesi. U-Tesla nakanjani uyiphayona ezimotweni zikagesi ze-lithium-ion.

Indawo yokuphumula: Phuma

Akukho ukungabaza: izinsuku zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi enukayo ngamandla ayo amancane zibaliwe. Izinjini zikaphethroli nodizili zifile, abakakwazi nje. Ezimweni zaselabhorethri, izinjini ezisebenza ngophethiloli zifinyelela amandla angama-40%. . Udizili uzuza ngamaphesenti amathathu ngaphezulu, kodwa lokho kusho ukuthini ngempela?

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho injini idling ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kanye nesivinini ekahle ilahlekelwa 57-60% amandla ayo ngokusebenzisa imisebe eshisayo.

Ukusebenza kahle injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kubi kakhulu emotweni. Kufudumele kufanele isuswe njalo enjinini . Ngokuzenzakalelayo, lokhu kwenziwa uhlelo lokupholisa amanzi. Isistimu yokupholisa nokupholisa kwengeza isisindo esibalulekile emotweni. Ekugcineni, izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi azihlali zigijima ngesivinini esiphezulu - ngokuphambene nalokho. Ezimweni eziningi, imoto ihamba ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu noma esiphezulu kakhulu. Kusho ukuthi Uma imoto idla amalitha angu-10 kaphethiloli ngebanga lika-100 km, kudliwa amalitha angu-3,5 kuphela uma ihamba. . Amalitha ayisithupha nengxenye kaphethiloli aguqulwa abe ukushisa bese esakazwa endaweni ezungezile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinjini zikagesi babe nokukhipha ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu. Amandla emoto kagesi evamile 74% ezimeni zaselabhorethri futhi ngokuvamile akudingi ukupholisa uketshezi okwengeziwe. Izinjini zikagesi zinokusheshisa okungcono kakhulu kunezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. I-Optimal rpm ingcono ezimotweni zikagesi kunasezinjinini zikaphethiloli nezikadizili. Emkhakheni wamandla, injini kagesi iphakeme kakhulu kunenjini evamile yangaphakathi evuthayo.

Ubuchwepheshe benguquko: i-hybrid

Imoto eyiHybrid akuyona into entsha eqanjiwe. Ngo-1920, uFerdinand Porsche wazama lo mqondo wokushayela. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi futhi emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, akekho obonakala wazisa izinzuzo zalo mqondo we-twin-injini.
Imoto eyi-hybrid iyimoto enezinjini ezimbili: injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nenjini kagesi. . Kunomehluko omkhulu endleleni womabili la madrayivu asebenzisana ngayo.

С I-Prius Toyota yenza ukuthi ingxubevange itholakale kubantu abaningi. Injini kagesi kanye nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi iyahambisana emsebenzini wayo wokushayela. Umshayeli angashintsha kusuka kuphethiloli aye kugesi noma nini. Lolu hlelo seluvele lubonisa izinzuzo eziningi: ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi, ukushayela kuthule kakhulu kanye nesithombe esihlanzekile kwakuyizindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthengisa ze-hybrid. .

Umqondo wokuqala wazala ukuhlukahluka okuningi : ama-plug-in hybrids akuvumela ukuthi ushaje ibhethri lakho egaraji lakho lasekhaya . Okuthakazelisa kakhulu izimoto zikagesi ezibizwa ngokuthi " isandiso sokugcinwa kwamandla ". Lezi izimoto zikagesi kuphela ezinenjini encane evuthayo yangaphakathi ebhodini eshaja ibhethri ngenkathi ushayela ngosizo lwe-generator. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, ukuhamba kukagesi okumsulwa kuba eduze kakhulu. Izimoto ezihlanganisiwe kufanele zibonwe njengobuchwepheshe bezinguquko phakathi kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi namamotho kagesi. Phela izimoto zikagesi ziyikusasa.

Okwamanje Iyatholakala

Ukuhamba ngogesi kuwukugxila kokuqala nokuhamba phambili kocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nethrafikhi. Ngaphandle kwe Amaphayona aseMelika , ingcindezi enkulu emakethe yenziwa IsiShayina. Kakade, abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi abathathu kwabayishumi abaphumelele kakhulu bavela e-Middle Kingdom. Uma wengeza I-Nissan и Toyota , abantu base-Asia njengamanje baphethe ingxenye yemakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba uTesla esengumholi wemakethe, ukukhathazeka kwendabuko okufana BMW и Volkswagen , nakanjani uzomfica. I-spectrum etholakalayo ibanzi. Kusukela ezimotweni zenjini evuthayo kuya ezimotweni zikagesi, kunemoto yawo wonke umuntu.

Njengamanje, izimoto zikagesi zisanenkinga yobubi obuthathu obuyinhloko: ibanga elifushane uma kuqhathaniswa, izindawo ezimbalwa zokushaja, nezikhathi zokushaja ezinde. . Kodwa, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili: ucwaningo nentuthuko iyaqhubeka .

Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele

Izikhuthazo zokuhamba kukagesi zikhona emhlabeni wonke. Uhlelo olubizwa nge-Plug-in Car Grant e-UK lunwetshwe kwaze kwaba ngu-2018. Okuzokwenzeka ngokulandelayo akukacaci. Izimoto ezihlanganisiwe , ikakhulukazi nzalo ye-plug-in , ngokuvamile anezinjini ezincane kakhulu zangaphakathi ezivuthayo, ezinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zentela.
Ukukhethwa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kukhula njalo. Izizukulwane zakamuva zizotholakala maduze Golf , polo и Ihlakaniphile, isebenza ngogesi kuphela.
Imakethe yamanje iyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi ikhula njengoba sikhuluma. Kusukela eshibhile kakhulu Isibonelo se-3 , Teslawaphinde waqinisekisa isimo sakhe njengephayona. Izimoto zikagesi ezithengekayo, ezisebenzayo nezithokozisayo zizotholakala maduze kubo bonke abakhiqizi.

Imakethe ye-EV isabukeka iyisivivinyo. I-BMW i3 enzima futhi ebizayo и URenault Twizzy ongaziwa futhi ogqamile ziyizibonelo ezimbili ezijwayelekile. Nokho, eminyakeni embalwa, izimoto zikagesi zizoba zivamile njengoba zithengeka.

Ukuhamba kagesi kanye ne-classic

Abahlanza bacasulwe ngomunye futhi Umkhuba othakazelisa kakhulu ku-electromobility: izinkampani eziningi ngokwengeziwe zinikeza ukuguqula izimoto zisuka ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zibe ugesi . Inkampani ISIMEMO kade enza ingxoxo yamamodeli we-Porsche . Imojula ihlala ishibhile futhi ivumelana nezimo, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amaphrojekthi ajabulisayo: ukushayela izimoto zikagesi ezimotweni zakudala . Jabulela izinzuzo zemoto kagesi ngobuhle Uhlobo lwe-E-Jaguar akuseyona iphupho, futhi manje selingayalwa - ebukhoneni bemali.