Imisebenzi esemqoka kanye nezici ukumiswa phambi imoto
Okuqukethwe
Ukuze kube nokuphepha okukhulu ekushayeleni, abakhiqizi bezimoto bakhetha kakhulu ama-suspension scheme azimele e-asi yangaphambili.
Umgwaqo awulokothi ubushelelezi ngokuphelele: imigodi, imifantu, ama-bumps, imigodi ihambisana nabashayeli bezimoto njalo. Ukungalingani okuncane kungaphendula abagibeli, uma kungekho ukumiswa kwangaphambili kwemoto. Kanye nesistimu ye-damping yangemuva, umklamo usebenza ukubeka izithiyo zomgwaqo ezingeni. Cabangela izici zomshini, imisebenzi, isimiso sokusebenza.
Iyini i-suspension yangaphambili yemoto
Amasondo emoto axhunywe emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ungqimba oluguquguqukayo - ukumiswa kwemoto. Isethi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi evumelanayo yezingxenye kanye nezingxenye ngokomzimba ixhuma ingxenye engahlungiwe kanye nenqwaba yemoto.
Kodwa lo mshini wenza neminye imisebenzi:
- idlulisela emzimbeni izikhathi eziqondile namandla avela ekuthinteni kophephela bamasondo nomgwaqo;
- inikeza ukunyakaza okudingekayo kwamasondo okuhlobene nesisekelo esisekelayo somshini;
- obhekele ukuphepha kwalabo abahamba ngezimoto;
- kudala ukugibela okushelelayo kanye nokuhamba kalula.
Isivinini yisimo esibalulekile, kodwa ukuhamba ngokunethezeka kungenye imfuneko eyisisekelo ukuze abahambi babe nemoto. Inkinga yokuhamba kancane yaxazululeka ngisho nasezinqoleni ezidonswa amahhashi, ngokubeka imicamelo ngaphansi kwezihlalo zabagibeli. Uhlelo olunjalo lokumiswa olunjalo ezimotweni zabagibeli zesimanje luguqulwe lwaba yizinhlobo ezahlukene zokumiswa kwemoto ngaphambili.
Iyini i-suspension yangaphambili yemoto
Uphi
I-complex yezingxenye iyingxenye ye-chassis. Idivayisi ixhuma amasondo angaphambili nesakhiwo samandla emoto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ishayela. I-mechanical ixhunywe ngokuxhunywa okuhambayo namasondo angaphambili nomzimba (noma ifreyimu).
Ngabe iqukethe ini
Izingxenye zokumiswa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwemishini zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo ngokuya ngokusebenza kwazo:
- izakhi zokunwebeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa iziphethu neziphethu, iziphethu zomoya kanye nemigoqo ye-torsion, kanye nama-dampers enjoloba, amadivaysi e-hydropneumatic. Imisebenzi yezingxenye: ukudambisa imithelela emzimbeni, ukunciphisa ukusheshisa okuqondile, ukugcina ubuqotho bezikhwezi eziqinile zokumiswa okuzenzakalelayo.
- Izindlela zokuqondisa. Lawa angama-longitudinal, transverse, ama-double and other levers, kanye nama-jet rods, anquma isiqondiso sokuhamba kwemithambeka eduze kwethrekhi.
- Icisha izingxenye ezizenzakalelayo. Iziphethu ezigoqiwe zizonyakazisa imoto iye phezulu naphansi isikhathi eside, kodwa isibambisi sokwethuka sidambisa i-amplitude yokudlidliza.
Amayunithi amisiwe anokwehlukaniswa okukhulu. Kodwa ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kuya ngokuya ngedivayisi yezindlela zokuqondisa zibe amakilasi amathathu:
- ukumiswa okuncikile. Ipheya lamasondo angaphambili lixhunywe ngokuqinile elinye kwelinye nge-ekseli eyodwa. Lapho imoto ingena emgodini ngesondo elilodwa, i-engeli yokuthambekela kwayo yomibili lemithambeka ehlobene nendiza evundlile iyashintsha. Yini edluliselwa kubagibeli: baphonswa ngapha nangapha. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala kuma-SUV namaloli.
- indlela ezimele. Isondo ngalinye le-suspension yangaphambili yemoto likwazi ukubhekana namabhampa ngokwalo. Lapho ushaya i-cobblestone, intwasahlobo yesondo elilodwa iyacindezelwa, i-elastic element ngakolunye uhlangothi iyeluliwe. Futhi ingxenye ethwalayo yemoto igcina indawo eyisicaba emgwaqeni.
- idivayisi ezimele kancane. I-torsion beam yethulwa edizayini, ejikajikayo lapho ifinyelela izithiyo. Kusuka lapho ukuncika kophephela bamasondo kuncipha.
I-electromagnetic adjustable, i-pneumatic kanye nokunye ukuhluka kokumiswa kungenye yalezi zinhlobo zezindlela.
Isebenza kanjani
I-suspension yemoto ngaphambili igcina amathayi axhumene nomgwaqo nokuma kwawo emkhathini. Iphinde iqondise futhi iqinise ukuhamba kwemoto. Ngesikhathi sokugibela, yonke inkimbinkimbi yezingxenye nezingxenye zedivayisi ihilelekile.
Ukusebenza kwesistimu yokumiswa kwemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili (kanye ne-back-wheel drive) kubukeka kanje:
- Imoto ishaye isithiyo. Isondo elixhunywe kwezinye izingxenye ezimisiwe liyabhampa. Ekunyakazeni okuqondile, isondo lishintsha indawo yezinduku, izinsimbi, izibhakela.
- Amandla omthelela atholiwe anikezwa i-shock absorber. Isiphethu ekuphumuleni sicindezelwa ngemva kokushaya itshe. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela imunca amandla adluliselwa kusuka ku-chassis kuya engxenyeni yenkampani yemoto.
- Ukucindezelwa kwentwasahlobo kubangela ukugudluzwa kwenduku ye-shock absorber. Ukudlidliza kudambiswa ama-rubber-metal bushings.
- Ngemva kokumunca ukushaqeka, intwasahlobo, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo, ijwayele isikhundla sayo sokuqala. Ukuqondisa, ingxenye ibuyela endaweni yayo yokuqala kanye nezinye izingxenye zokumiswa.
Zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zezakhiwo zokumiswa ngaphambili kwemoto yomgibeli zenza ngendlela efanayo.
Uhlelo lokwakha
Ukuze kube nokuphepha okukhulu ekushayeleni, abakhiqizi bezimoto bakhetha kakhulu ama-suspension scheme azimele e-asi yangaphambili.
Izinketho ezidume kakhulu:
- I-lever ephindwe kabili. Ibhulokhi yezinto zomhlahlandlela iqukethe amadivaysi amabili e-lever. Kulo mklamo, ukuhamba kwe-lateral kwamasondo kunomkhawulo: imoto ithola ukuzinza okungcono, futhi i-rubber iguga kancane.
- Izixhumanisi eziningi. Lolu uhlelo olucatshangelwayo futhi olunokwethenjelwa, olubonakala ngokukhuphuka kokuhamba nokushelela. Ama-multi-link asetshenziswa ezimotweni zezigaba zamanani aphakathi nendawo neziphezulu.
- McPherson. Ezobuchwepheshe, ezingabizi, kulula ukukhanda nokuyigcina, "ikhandlela elijikayo" lilungele ukushayela kwamasondo angaphambili kanye nezimoto ezingemuva. I-shock absorber lapha inamathiselwe kuhlaka lwamandla ngehinji enwebekayo. Ingxenye iyanyakaza uma imoto ihamba, yingakho igama elingekho emthethweni le-suspension.
Uhlelo lwe-MacPherson struts esithombeni:
I-MacPherson struts scheme
