I-Olifant main war tank Ithangi le-Olifant ("indlovu") lijulile ukuthuthukiswa kweBrithani "Centurion". I-Tank "Oliphant 1B" yaqala ukungena ebuthweni laseNingizimu Afrika ngo-1991. Kuphinde kwahlelwa ukuletha amathangi amaningi e-Model 1A ezingeni lawo. Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwamathangi e-Centurion okwenziwa eNingizimu Afrika kuyisibonelo esithakazelisa kakhulu sokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokulwa zezimoto zokulwa eseziphelelwe yisikhathi. Yiqiniso, "i-Oliphant 1B" ayikwazi ukulingana namathangi esimanje, kodwa ingqikithi yokuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa okwenziwe ibeka endaweni enenzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amathangi asebenza ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Lapho bedala ithangi, abaklami bathatha isakhiwo sakudala njengesisekelo. Indawo yokulawula itholakala ngaphambi kwesikebhe, indawo yokulwa iphakathi nendawo, indawo yokuphehla amandla ingemuva. Isibhamu sitholakala embhoshongweni wokujikeleza okuyindilinga. Izisebenzi zethangi zinabantu abane: umkhuzi, umdubuli, umshayeli kanye nomlayishi. Inhlangano yendawo yangaphakathi iphinde ihambisane nezixazululo zendabuko ezivame kakhulu futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside. Isihlalo somshayeli sitholakala kwesokudla phambi kwesikebhe, futhi kwesokunxele siyingxenye yezinhlamvu (amashothi angu-32). Umlawuli wethangi kanye nesibhamu batholakala ngakwesokudla kwegumbi lokulwa, umlayishi ungakwesokudla. Izinhlamvu zigcinwa endaweni yokuphumula ye-turret (imijikelezo engu-16) kanye nendawo yokulwa (imijikelezo engu-6). Izikhali eziyinhloko ze-prototype eyakhelwe ithangi yi-STZ isibhamu esingu-105 mm, okuwukuthuthukiswa kwe-cannon yaseBrithani 17. Ukuxhumeka kwesibhamu ne-turret kuthathwa njengento yonke, okuvumela ukufaka i-120-mm ne-140. -mm izibhamu. Ngisho nesibhamu esisha se-6T6 senziwe, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa imiphongolo engu-120-mm no-140-mm ngesiteshi esibushelelezi. Imodeli yesibhamu elandelayo yethangi isibhamu esibushelelezi esingu-120 mm ST9. Kuzo zonke izimo, imiphongolo yezibhamu ihlanganiswe nesembozo sokushisa ukushisa. Njengoba ubona, abaklami banikeze izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokuhlomisa ithangi elisha, futhi imboni yaseNingizimu Afrika inamandla anele okusebenzisa noma yiziphi iziphakamiso (umbuzo wokululekwa kokusebenzisa izibhamu ze-140-mm okwamanje ucatshangelwa). Izici ezihlakaniphile nezobuchwepheshe zethangi lempi elikhulu "Oliphant 1V"  Isisindo sokulwa, т 58 Abasebenzi, abantu 4 Ubukhulu, мм: ubude ngesibhamu phambili 10200 ububanzi 3420 ukuphakama 2550 Izikhali   projectile Izikhali:   105 mm isibhamu isibhamu; Izibhamu ezimbili ze-7,62mm Browning Isethi ye-Boek:   68 isibhamu, 5600 imizuliswano Injini Injini "Teledine Continental", 12-cylinder, diesel, turbocharged, amandla 950 hp. Nge. Ijubane lomgwaqo omkhulu km / h 58 Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi emgwaqeni omkhulu Km 400 Ukunqoba izithiyo: ukuphakama kodonga, м 0.9 ububanzi bomgodi, м 3.5 ukujula komkhumbi, м 1.2 I-Tank "Centurion" yebutho laseNingizimu Afrika I-Centurion, i-A41 - ithangi eliphakathi laseBrithani. Kwakhiwe amathangi eCenturion ayizi-4000 XNUMX. Ngesikhathi sokulwa eKorea, eNdiya, eSaudi Arabia, eVietnam, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, futhi ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseSuez Canal, iCenturion yabonakala ingenye yamathangi angcono kakhulu enkathi yangemva kwempi. I-Centurion tank yadalwa njengemoto ehlanganisa izakhiwo ze-cruising kanye nama-infantry tanks futhi ikwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi eyinhloko eyabelwe amabutho ahlomile. Ngokungafani namathangi angaphambilini aseBrithani, le moto yayithuthukise kakhulu futhi yathuthukiswa izikhali, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezikhali ezithuthukisiwe. Tank Centurion Mk. 3, emnyuziyamu waseCanada Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesakhiwo esibanzi kakhulu, isisindo sethangi sivele saba sikhulu kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwezimoto. Lokhu kubuyisela emuva kunciphise kakhulu ukuhamba kwethangi futhi akuzange kuvumele ukubhuka okuqine ngokwanele.  I-Centurion endaweni yokulwa ibonakale ingenye yamathangi ahamba phambili Amasampula okuqala amathangi e-Centurion avele ngo-1945, futhi kakade ngo-1947 ukuguqulwa okuyinhloko kwe-Centurion Mk 3 nge-cannon engu-20-pounder 83,8-mm kwafakwa enkonzweni. Ezinye izinguquko zangaleso sikhathi zahluka ngale ndlela elandelayo: i-turret eshiselwe enesistimu yamawele engu-1 mm kanye nezibhamu ezingu-76,2 mm zafakwa ku-Mk 20; kusampula ye-Mk 2 - i-cast turret enesibhamu esingu-76,2 mm; i-Mk 4 ine-turret efanayo ne-Mk 2, kodwa nge-Howitzer engu-95mm. Wonke lawa masampula akhiqizwa ngenani elilinganiselwe futhi kamuva amanye awo aguqulwa abe yizimoto ezisizayo, futhi enye ingxenye yathuthukiswa yafinyelela ezingeni lemodeli ye-Mk 3. Ngo-1955, kwamukelwa amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu ethangi le-Centurion - Mk 7. UMk 8 no-Mk 9 , Ngo-1958, kwavela imodeli entsha - "Centurion" Mk 10, ehlome ngenganono engu-105 mm. Ngokwesigaba esisha sesiNgisi, amathangi e-Centurion ahlukaniswa njengamathangi anesibhamu esiphakathi. "Isikhulu" Mk 13 Isakhiwo esishiselwe ithangi le-Centurion Mk 3 senziwa ngensimbi egoqiwe enokuthambekela okunengqondo kwamapuleti ezikhali zekhala. Amapuleti aseceleni e-hull atholakala ngokuthambekela kancane ngaphandle, okwenza kube lula ukubeka ukumiswa okususiwe ku-hull. Ukuze kusekelwe umbhoshongo, kwanikezwa ukwandiswa kwendawo. Izinhlangothi zomkhumbi zazimbozwe izikrini ezihlotshisiwe. Umbhoshongo waphonswa, ngaphandle kophahla, owawushiselwe nge-welding kagesi, futhi wenziwa ngaphandle kokuthambekela okunengqondo kwezindawo ezihlomile. PS Kufanele, nokho, kuqashelwe ukuthi ithangi elivezwe ngenhla lalisebenza namanye amazwe omhlaba - ikakhulukazi, kumayunithi ezikhali akwa-Israyeli. Imithombo: B. A. Kurkov, V. I. Murakhovsky, B. S. Safonov "Main impi amathangi"; G. L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000"; UChristoper Chant "I-World Encyclopedia of the Tank"; Ithangi eliphakathi "Centurion" [Iqoqo lezikhali 2003'02]; UGreen Michael, uBrown James, uVallier Christoph “Tanks. Izikhali zensimbi zamazwe omhlaba ”.