Ama-asi wemoto yomgibeli

I-ekseli ingxenye yemoto lapho amasondo amabili aphikisanayo (kwesokudla nakwesokunxele) anamathiselwe/alengiswa esakhiweni esisekelayo semoto.

Umlando we-ekseli ubuyela ezinsukwini zezinqola ezidonswa ngamahhashi, lapho ama-axle ezimoto zokuqala abolekwe khona. La ma-ekseli ayelula kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwawo, empeleni, amasondo ayexhunywe nge-shaft eyayinamathiselwe ngakuhlaka luhlaka ngaphandle kokumiswa.

Njengoba izidingo zezimoto zikhula, nama-ekseli akhula kanjalo. Kusuka kuma-asi aqinile aqinile kuya emithonjeni yamaqabunga kuya emithonjeni yesimanjemanje yamakhoyili amaningi noma izifutho zomoya.

Ama-ekseli ezimoto zesimanje ayisistimu yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, umsebenzi wayo ukuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kokushayela kanye nokunethezeka kokushayela. Njengoba ukwakheka kwazo kuwukuphela kwento exhuma imoto emgwaqeni, ziphinde zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuphepheni okusebenzayo kwemoto.

I-asi ixhumanisa amasondo nohlaka lwe-chassis noma umzimba wemoto uqobo. Idlulisela isisindo semoto emasondweni, iphinde idlulise namandla ezinyakazo, amabhuleki kanye ne-inertia. Inikeza ukuqondiswa okuqondile nokwanele ngokwanele kwamasondo anamathiselwe.

I-ekseli yingxenye yemoto engaqinisekisiwe, ngakho abaklami bazama ukuyisebenzisa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-alloys alula. Ama-ekseli ahlukanisiwe akhiwe ngemiphini ye-ekseli ehlukene.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Axial

Ngokwakhiwa

• Ama-asi aqinile.
• Izimbazo ezijikelezayo.

Ngomsebenzi

• I-axle yokushayela - i-axle yemoto, lapho i-torque yenjini idluliselwa khona kanye namasondo ashayela imoto.
• I-ekseli eshayelwayo (eshayelwa) - i-ekseli yemoto lapho i-torque yenjini ingadluliswanga khona, futhi enomsebenzi wokuthwala noma wesiteringi kuphela.
• I-asi esiteringini i-ekseli elawula indlela yemoto.

Ngokwesakhiwo

• I-asi engaphambili.
• I-eksisi emaphakathi.
• Oluvala amasondo engemuva.

Ngokwakheka kwesondo

• Ukukhweza okuncike (okugxilile) - amasondo axhunywe ngokweqile ngogongolo (ibhuloho). I-eksisi eqinile enjalo ibonwa njengesizungu njengomzimba owodwa, namasondo ahlangana ngokuhlangana.
• Nukuqondanisa kwamasondo okuzimele - isondo ngalinye limiswe ngokwehlukana, amasondo awathinti ngqo komunye nomunye lapho ephuma.

Umsebenzi wokulungisa isondo

• Vumela isondo ukuthi lihambe ngokuqondile liqonde kufreyimu noma emzimbeni.
• Dlulisa amabutho phakathi kwesondo nohlaka (umzimba).
• Ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo, qinisekisa ukuthi wonke amasondo axhumana njalo nomgwaqo.
• Susa ukunyakaza kwamasondo okungafuneki (side shift, roll).
• Nika amandla ukulawula.
• Nika amandla ukubanjwa kwamabhuleki ngamandla.
• Yenza ukudluliselwa kwe-torque kumasondo okushayela.
• Nikeza ukuhamba okunethezeka.

Izidingo zokuklanywa kwe-asi

Izidingo ezihlukile futhi ezivame ukungqubuzana zibekwa kuma-ekseli ezimoto. Ama-automaker anezindlela ezahlukahlukene zalezi zidingo futhi imvamisa akhetha isisombululo sokuyekethisa.

Ngokwesibonelo. esimweni sezimoto ezisezingeni eliphansi, kugcizelelwa ukwakhiwa kwe-asi eshibhile futhi elula, kanti ezimweni zezimoto ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ukushayela induduzo nokulawulwa kwamasondo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, ama-asi kufanele anciphise ukudluliswa kokudlidlizeliswa elolini yemoto ngangokunokwenzeka, ahlinzeke ngezindlela eziqonde kunazo zonke zokushayela kanye nokuxhumana ngamasondo ukuya emgwaqeni, izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza zibalulekile, futhi i-asi ayifanele ikhawulele ngokungadingekile igumbi lezimpahla. isikhala sabasebenzi noma injini yemoto.

• Ubungqabavu nokunemba kwe-kinematic.
• Ushintsho lwejometri oluncane ngesikhathi sokumiswa.
• Ukugqoka okuncane kwesondo.
• Impilo ende.
• Ubukhulu obuncane nesisindo.
• Ukumelana nezindawo ezinolaka.
• Izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi nezokukhiqiza.

Oluvala amasondo izingxenye

• ITire.
• Idiski kolesa.
• I-Hub bearing.
• Ukumiswa kwesondo.
• Isitoreji esimisiwe.
• Ukumiswa.
• Ukudambisa.
• Ukusimamisa.

Ukumiswa kwesondo elincikile

I-eksisi eqinile

Ngokwesakhiwo, kulula kakhulu (azikho izikhonkwane namahinji) nebhuloho eshibhile. Uhlobo lolo lwalokho okuthiwa ukumiswa kokuncika. Womabili amasondo axhumene ngokuqinile, isondo lixhumana nomgwaqo ebubanzini bonke benyathela, futhi ukumiswa akushintshi i-wheelbase noma ukuma okuhlobene. Ngakho-ke, ukuma okulinganayo kwamasondo e-axle kulungisiwe kunoma isiphi isimo somgwaqo. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokumiswa kwendlela eyodwa, ukuphambuka kwawo womabili amasondo maqondana nomgwaqo kuyashintsha.

I-asi eqinile iqhutshwa yimithombo yamacembe noma imithombo yamakhoyili. Iziphethu zamaqabunga ziqondiswa ngqo emzimbeni noma ohlakeni lwemoto futhi, ngaphezu kokumiswa, zinikeza nokulawulwa kokuqondisa. Endabeni yemithombo yamakhoyili, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa eminye imikhombandlela enqamulelayo kanye neyesikhathi eside, ngoba ayidlulisi cishe noma yimaphi amandla e-lateral (longitudinal), ngokungafani nemithombo yamacembe.

Ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu kwayo yonke i-ekseli, isasetshenziswa kuma-SUV wangempela kanye nasezimotweni zezentengiselwano (izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ama-pickups). Enye inzuzo wukuhlangana kwamasondo nomgwaqo phezu kwawo wonke ububanzi bokunyathela kanye ne-wheel track engashintshi.

Ububi be-asi eqinile buhlanganisa isisindo esikhulu esingaxutshwe nalutho, okubandakanya isisindo sebhuloho eliyi-ekseli, ukudluliswa (esimweni se-asi eliqhutshwa), amasondo, amabhuleki futhi, ngokwengxenye, isisindo somphini wokuxhuma, izixwayisi zokuqondisa, iziphethu. nezinto zokuthambisa. Umphumela uba ukuncipha kwenduduzo ezindaweni ezingalingani nokunciphisa ukusebenza kokushayela lapho ushayela ngokushesha. Igaydi yamasondo nayo ayinembile kangako kunokumiswa okuzimele.

Okunye okungalungile yisidingo sesikhala esiphezulu sokunyakaza kwe-axle (ukumiswa), okuholela ekwakhiweni okude kanye nendawo ephakeme yokudonsela phansi kwemoto. Endabeni yama-axle okushayela, ukushaqeka kudluliselwa ezingxenyeni ezijikelezayo eziyingxenye ye-axle.

I-asi eqinile ingasetshenziswa njengedrayivu edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, kanye ne-asi yokushayela noma kokubili ukushayela kwangemuva kanye ne-asi yokushayela.

Idizayini eqinile ye-asi

I-asi ye-bridge elula imiswe emithonjeni yamaqabunga

• Ukwakhiwa okulula.
• Intwasahlobo yamukela izingcindezi ze-longitudinal kanye ne-lateral (zemithombo emikhulu).
• Ukumiswa okukhulu kwangaphakathi (ukungqubuzana).
• Ukufakwa okulula.
• Ukuphakamisa okuphezulu.
• Isisindo esikhulu nobude besiphethu.
• Izindleko eziphansi zokusebenzisa.
• Imithwalo eyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezimoto zesikhashana.
• Ngesikhathi sokumiswa, i-asi ye-ekseli isontekile.
• Ukuze uhambe ngokunethezeka, izinga lentwasahlobo eliphansi liyadingeka - udinga imithombo yamaqabunga amade + ukuguquguquka kwe-lateral kanye nokuzinza kwe-lateral.
• Ukwehlisa izingqinamba eziqinile ngesikhathi sokubamba amabhuleki nokusheshisa, intwasahlobo yeqabunga ingalekelelwa ngezinduku ezinde.
• Iziphethu zamaqabunga zengezwa ngezifutho ezishaqisayo.
• Ukuze uthole izici eziqhubekayo zentwasahlobo, yengezwe ngama-blade engeziwe (ushintsho lwesinyathelo ekuqineni komthwalo omkhulu) - ama-bogies.
• Lolu hlobo lwe-asi asijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukumisa izimoto zabagibeli nezimoto ezentengwayo ezilula.

UPanara Barbell 

Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kokushayela nokuzinza kwemoto, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-asi oluqinile lubizwa ngokuthi luthambekele kuzo zombili izinkomba eziguqukayo nezide.

Kulezi zinsuku, iziphethu zekhoyili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zithatha indawo yemithombo yamaqabunga ebisetshenziswa phambilini, umsebenzi obalulekile, ngaphezu kokuvela, obuye waba yisiqondiso se-ekseli. Kodwa-ke, iziphethu zekhoyili azinawo lo msebenzi (azidluliseli amabutho wokuqondisa).

Ohlangothini olunqamulelayo, iPanhard rod noma umugqa kaWatt usetshenziselwa ukuqondisa i-eksisi.

Endabeni yenduku yePanhard, kuyisifiso sesifiso esixhuma i-ekseli ye-ekseli kufreyimu noma emzimbeni wemoto. Ububi balo mklamo ukuhanjiswa okuhambisanayo kwe-eksisi elihlobene nemoto ngesikhathi sokumiswa, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokunethezeka kokushayela. Lokhu okungalungile kungasuswa kakhulu ngumklamo omude kunayo yonke futhi, uma kungenzeka, ukufakwa okuvundlile kwenduku yePanhard.

                                                   

Umugqa we-Watt

Ulayini we-watt umshini osetshenziswa ukuwela i-ekseli eqinile yangemuva. Iqanjwe ngomsunguli wayo uJames Watt.

Izingalo ezingaphezulu nezingezansi kufanele zibe nobude obufanayo futhi i-asi ye-ekseli ihamba iqonde ngqo emgwaqweni. Lapho uqondisa i-asi eqinile, maphakathi nendawo ye-hinge yomhlahlandlela ubekwe ku-asi ye-asi futhi ixhunywe ngama-levers emzimbeni noma kuhlaka lwemoto.

Lokhu kuxhumana kunikeza ukuqondisa okuqinile kwe-axle, ngenkathi kuqedwa ukunyakaza kwe-lateral okwenzeka esimweni sokumiswa lapho usebenzisa induku yePanhard.

Umhlahlandlela we-longitudinal axis

Ulayini weWatt nePanhard bagxila ku-axle ngasemuva kuphela, futhi kudingeka isiqondiso esingeziwe sokudlulisa amandla e-longitudinal. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izingalo ezilandelanayo ezilula. Ngokwenzayo, izixazululo ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu:

• Ipheya lezingalo ezilandelanayo wuhlobo olulula kakhulu, ngokuyisisekelo oluthatha indawo yomhlahlandlela wezindebe ze-lamellar.
• Izingalo ezine ezilandelanayo - ngokungafani nezingalo ezimbili, kulo mklamo, ukufana kwe-axis kugcinwa ngesikhathi sokumiswa. Kodwa-ke, okubi kuyisisindo esithe xaxa kanye nomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi.
• Inketho yesithathu ukushayela i-axle ngezinsimbi ezimbili ze-longitudinal nezimbili ezithambekele. Kulokhu, elinye izingalo ezitshekisayo liphinde livumele ukumuncwa kwamandla asemaceleni, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe isidingo sokuqondiswa okwengeziwe kwezinhlangothi ngebha ye-Panhard noma umugqa oqondile we-Watt.

I-axle eqinile enezingalo ezi-1 ezinqamulelayo nezingu-4 ezilandelanayo

• Izingalo ezi-4 ezi-trailing ziqondisa i-ekseli isikhathi eside.
• I-wishbone (i-Panhard rod) iqinisa i-axle kamuva.
• Uhlelo ludizayinelwe ngokweqile ukusetshenziswa kwamajoyinti ebhola namabombo enjoloba.
• Lapho izixhumanisi ezingaphezulu zibekwe ngemuva kwe-asi, izixhumanisi zibhekana nengcindezi eqine ngesikhathi sokubhaka.

I-axle eqinile yeDe-Dion

Le axle yaqale yasetshenziswa nguCount De Dion ngo-1896 futhi selokhu yasetshenziswa njenge-asi engemuva ezimotweni zabagibeli nasezimotweni zezemidlalo.

Le axle ithatha ezinye zezici ze-asi eqinile, ikakhulukazi ukuqina nokuxhumeka okuphephile kwamasondo e-ekseli. Amasondo axhunywe ngebhuloho eliqinile eliholwa ulayini weWatt oqondile noma ibha yePanhard edonsa amandla asemaceleni. Umhlahlandlela we-axle longitudinal uqondiswa yizindwangu zokutshekisa. Ngokungafani ne-asi eqinile, ukudluliswa kubekwe emzimbeni noma ohlakeni lwemoto, futhi i-torque idluliselwa emasondweni kusetshenziswa imiphini ye-PTO yobude obuhlukahlukene.

Ngenxa yalo mklamo, isisindo esingaxutshiwe sincishiswe kakhulu. Ngalolu hlobo lwe-asi, ama-disc brakes angafakwa ngqo ekudlulisweni, aqhubeke nokunciphisa isisindo esingaxutshiwe. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lomuthi alisasetshenziswa, ithuba lokulibona, ngokwesibonelo, ku-Alfa Romeo 75.

• Kunciphisa ubukhulu bezinqwaba ezingabonakali ze-axle eqinile yokushayela.
• U-gearbox + differential (brakes) ufakwe emzimbeni.
• Ukuthuthuka okuncane kuphela kokunethezeka kokushayela kuqhathaniswa ne-ekseli eqinile.
• Isixazululo sibiza kakhulu kunezinye izindlela.
• Ukuqiniswa kwe-lateral kanye ne-longitudinal kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-watt-drive (i-Panhard rod), i-stabilizer (ukuzinza kwe-lateral) nezingalo ezilandelanayo (ukuzinza kwe-longitudinal).
• Imiphini ye-PTO ye-Axial iyadingeka.

Ukumiswa kwesondo okuzimele

• Ukunethezeka okwengeziwe nokusebenza kokushayela.
• Isisindo esincane esingaxutshiwe (ukudluliswa nokwehluka akuyona ingxenye ye-ekseli).
• Kunesikhala esanele phakathi kwegumbi lokugcina injini noma ezinye izinto zokwakheka kwemoto.
• Njengomthetho, ukwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhiqizwa okubiza kakhulu.
• Ukuthembeka okuncane nokugqoka ngokushesha.
• Ayifanele indawo embi.

I-eksisi yetrapezoidal

I-eksisi ye-trapezoidal yakhiwa ngamathambo wesifiso aphezulu nangaphansi aphansi, akha i-trapezoid lapho ekhonjiswa endizeni ebheke phezulu. Izingalo zinamathiselwe ekseleni, noma ohlakeni lwemoto, noma, kwezinye izimo, ekudlulisweni.

Ingalo engezansi imvamisa inesakhiwo esiqinile ngenxa yokudluliswa kokuma mpo kanye nenani eliphakeme lamandla e-longitudinal / lateral. Ingalo engenhla nayo incane ngezizathu zendawo, njenge-ekseli langaphambili nendawo yokudlulisela.

Ama-lever abekwe ezihlahleni zenjoloba, imithombo evame ukunamathiselwa engalweni engezansi. Ngesikhathi sokumiswa, ukuxegiswa kwamasondo, uzwane, nokushintshwa kwesondo, okuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwezimoto. Ukuqeda lesi simo, ukwakheka okuhle kwamathempeli kubalulekile, kanye nokulungiswa kwe-geometry. Ngakho-ke, izingalo kufanele zibekwe ngokufana ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze iphoyinti lesondo likude kakhulu nesondo.

Lesi sixazululo sinciphisa ukuphambuka kwesondo nokushintshwa kwesondo ngesikhathi sokumiswa. Kodwa-ke, okubi ukuthi isikhungo sokutsheka kwe-eksisi sisuselwa endizeni yomgwaqo, okuthinta kabi ukuma kwe-axis ethambekisayo yemoto. Ngokwenzayo, izigaxa zinobude obuhlukile, okuguqula i-engeli eyakhekayo lapho isondo ligxuma. Iphinde ishintshe indawo yokuthambekela kwamanje kwesondo nendawo yesikhungo sokutsheka kwe-eksisi.

I-ekseli le-trapezoidal lomklamo ofanele ne-geometry liqinisekisa ukuholwa kwesondo okuhle kakhulu ngakho-ke izici zokushayela ezinhle kakhulu zemoto. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi kuyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezindleko eziphakeme zokukhiqiza. Ngalesi sizathu, njengamanje isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezibiza kakhulu (maphakathi kuya phezulu noma izimoto zezemidlalo).

I-axle trapezoidal ingasetshenziswa njenge-drive yangaphambili ne-axle drive noma njenge-drive yangemuva ne-axle drive.

Ukulungiswa kweMacpherson

Uhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-ekseli enokumiswa okuzimele yi-MacPherson (evame kakhulu uMcPherson), eqanjwe ngomklami u-Earl Steele MacPherson.

I-ekseli le-McPherson lisuselwa ku-axle trapezoidal lapho ingalo engaphezulu ithathelwa khona ujantshi oslayidayo. Ngakho-ke, phezulu kuhlangene kakhulu, okusho isikhala esiningi sohlelo lokushayela noma. isiqu ivolumu (oluvala amasondo ezingemuva). Ingalo engezansi imvamisa inesimo esingunxantathu futhi, njenge-axle trapezoidal, idlulisela ingxenye enkulu yamandla we-lateral ne-longitudinal.

Endabeni ye-ekseli elingemuva, kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa ibhande lesifiso elilula elidlulisa kuphela amandla we-lateral futhi ligcwaliswe ngesixhumanisi esilandelanayo. i-torsion stabilizer lever yokudlulisa amandla we-longitudinal. Amandla amile akhiqizwa yi-damper, okumele, kodwa, futhi, ibe namandla okushefa esakhiweni esiqinile ngenxa yomthwalo.

Ku-ekseli lokuqondisa langaphambili, i-damper upper bearing (piston rod) kumele ijikeleze. Ukuvimbela intwasahlobo yekhoyili ekujikeni ngesikhathi sokuzungeza, ukuphela okuphezulu kwentwasahlobo kusekelwa ngokuguquguqukayo yi-roller bearing. Intwasahlobo igxunyekwe ezindlini ezinesikhunta ukuze umgwaqo ongasheliswanga ungalayishwa ngamandla amile futhi kungabi khona ukungqubuzana okweqile ekuthwaleni ngaphansi komthwalo oqondile. Kodwa-ke, ukungqubuzana okwandayo ekuphathweni kungenxa yezikhathi zamandla we-lateral ne-longitudinal ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, ukubopha amabhuleki noma ukuqondisa. Lo mkhuba ususwa yisixazululo esifanelekile sokuklama, njengokuxhaswa kwentwasahlobo okutshekile, ukusekelwa kwenjoloba kokusekelwa okuphezulu, kanye nesakhiwo esiqinile.

Esinye isici esingathandeki ukuthambekela koshintsho olukhulu ekuphambukeni kwesondo ngesikhathi sokumiswa, okuholela ekonakaleni kokusebenza kokushayela kanye nokushayela induduzo (ukudlidliza, ukudlidliza kokudlikiza esiteringini, njll.). Ngalesi sizathu, kwenziwa ukuthuthuka nokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene ukuqeda lesi simo.

Inzuzo ye-axle kaMcPherson iklamo elula futhi engabizi enenani elincane lezingxenye. Ngaphezu kwezimoto ezincane nezishibhile, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kweMcPherson kusetshenziselwa izimoto ezimaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwakhiwa okuthuthukisiwe, kodwa futhi ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza yonke indawo.

I-axle kaMcPherson ingasetshenziswa njenge-front drive ne-drive axle noma njenge-drive yangemuva ne-axle drive.

I-Crankshaft

• I-eksisi le-crank lakhiwa ngokulandela izingalo nge-transverse swing axis (ngokuqondana nendiza ende yemoto), efakwe emabhuloki enjoloba.
• Ukunciphisa amandla asebenza ngokusekelwa kwengalo (ikakhulukazi, ukunciphisa umthwalo oqondile osondweni), ukudlidliza nokudluliswa komsindo emzimbeni, iziphethu zibekwa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kuze kufike lapho kutholakala khona isondo ngomhlabathi. ...
• Ngesikhathi sokumiswa, kuphela isondo lemoto elishintshayo, ukuphambuka kwamasondo kuhlala kungashintshi.
• Izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza eziphansi.
• Kuthatha indawo encane, futhi i-trunk floor ingabekwa phansi - ifanele izinqola zesiteshi kanye nama-hatchbacks.
• Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukushayela ama-asi angemuva futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu njenge-asi yokushayela.
• Ushintsho kokuphambuka lwenziwa kuphela lapho umzimba utshekile.
• Amabha we-Torsion (PSA) avame ukusetshenziselwa ukumiswa.
• Okubi ukuthambeka okubalulekile kwamajika.

I-axle crank ingasetshenziswa njenge-axle eqhutshwa ngaphambili noma njenge-asi eqhutshwa ngemuva.

I-Crankshaft enezinqe ezihlanganisiwe (i-crankshaft eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo)

Kulolu hlobo lwe-asi, isondo ngalinye limisiwe engalweni eyodwa elandelanayo. Izingalo ezilandelwayo zixhunywe nge-U-profile, esebenza njengesiqinisi se-lateral futhi ithathe amandla e-lateral ngasikhathi sinye.

I-axle crank enezingalo ezixhunyiwe iyi-axle semi-rigid from the kinematic point of view, ngoba uma ilungu lesiphambano lithuthelwa ku-axle emaphakathi yamasondo (ngaphandle kwezingalo ezilandelanayo), ukumiswa okunjalo kungathola izakhiwo zobulukhuni i-asi

Isikhungo sokutsheka kwe-eksisi siyafana ne-eksisi ejwayelekile, kepha isikhungo sokutsheka kwe-eksisi singaphezulu kwendiza yomgwaqo. I-ekseli liziphatha ngendlela ehlukile noma ngabe amasondo amisiwe. Ngokumiswa okufanayo kwamasondo e-axle womabili, kuphela isondo lemoto elishintshayo, kepha esimweni sokumiswa okuphambene noma ukumiswa kwesondo elilodwa kuphela le-ekseli, ukwehliswa kwamasondo nakho kushintsha kakhulu.

I-ekseli linamathiselwe emzimbeni ngothayi bensimbi nenjoloba. Lokhu kuxhumana kuqinisekisa ukuqondisa okuhle kwe-asi kusetshenziswa kahle.

• Amahlombe e-crankshaft axhunywe ngenduku eqinile ye-torsionally futhi ethambile (ikakhulukazi emise u-U), esebenza njengesiqinisi.
• Lokhu kunguquko phakathi kwe-crankshaft eqinile neyesikhathi eside.
• Endabeni yokumiswa okuzayo, ukuphambuka kuyashintsha.
• Izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza eziphansi.
• Kuthatha indawo encane, futhi i-trunk floor ingabekwa phansi - ifanele izinqola zesiteshi kanye nama-hatchbacks.
• Ukuhlangana okulula nokuqaqa.
• Isisindo esincane sezingxenye ezingekho emthethweni.
• Ukusebenza kokushayela okuhle.
• Ngesikhathi sokumiswa, izinguquko ezincane kuzwane nokulandelela.
• Umuntu ongaphansi kokuziqondisa.
• Ayikuvumeli ukujika amasondo - sebenzisa kuphela njenge-axle yokushayela engemuva.
• Ukuthambekela kokudlulela ngenxa yamandla asemaceleni.
• Umthwalo omkhulu we-shear kuma-welds axhumanisa izingalo ne-torsion bar entwasahlobo ephambene, ekhawulela umthwalo omkhulu we-axial.
• Ukuzinza okuncane ezindaweni ezingalingani, ikakhulukazi emakhoneni asheshayo.

I-axle crank enezindwangu ezihlanganisiwe ingasetshenziswa njenge-axle eqhutshwa ngemuva.

I-axis ye-Pendulum (angular)

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-eksisi etshekile ngokulandelana. kwesihenqo oblique. I-asi ihleleke kahle ngokufana ne-eksisi le-crank, kepha ngokungafani nayo ine-axis ye-oscillation ethambekele, eholela ekuzilawuleni kwe-asi ngesikhathi sokumiswa kanye nomphumela we-understeer emotweni.

Amasondo anamathiselwe ku-ekseli esebenzisa izinsimbi zemfoloko nezinsimbi zenjoloba. Ngesikhathi sokumiswa, ithrekhi kanye nokuphambuka kwesondo kushintsha kancane. Njengoba i-asi ayivumeli amasondo ajikeleze, isetshenziswa kuphela njenge-asi (engemuva lokushayela) yangemuva. Namuhla ayisasetshenziswa, besiyibona ezimotweni zakwaBMW noma zakwa-Opel.

I-asi eningi yezixhumanisi

Lolu hlobo lwe-asi lwalusetshenziswa kwi-flagship yokuqala yakwaNissan, iMaxima QX. Kamuva, iPrimera encane ne-Almera bathola i-asi efanayo engemuva.

Ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi kuzithuthukise kakhulu izakhiwo zesigxobo esiguqulwe ngaphezudlwana esisetshenziswa kuso. Kanjalo, iMultilink isebenzisa ugongolo lwensimbi oluphendukezelwe olumise u-U ukuxhuma amasondo angemuva, aqina kakhulu lapho eguqa futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, eguquguquka kalula lapho ejika. Ugongolo ohlangothini lwe-longitudinal luphethwe yizigaxa zomhlahlandlela wokukhanya okulula, futhi emaphethelweni alo wangaphandle ubanjwe ngokuqonde ngqo yiziphethu ze-helical ezinezifutho ezishaqisayo, ngokulandelana. futhi ngesigaxa esime mpo ngokukhethekile ngaphambili.

Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sogongolo lwePanhard oluguquguqukayo, oluvame ukunamathiselwa ekugcineni kwegobolondo lomzimba nolunye ku-ekseli ye-ekseli, i-axle isebenzisa isakhi esihlanganisiwe sohlobo lweScott-Russell olunikeza ukuzinza okungcono kwe-lateral nokuqondisa amasondo. emgaqweni.

Indlela kaScott-Russell kufaka phakathi isifiso sesifiso nokulawula. Njengebha yePanhard, ibuye ixhume ibhande lesifiso kanye nogongolo oluguquguqukayo emzimbeni. Inokubopha okuguqukayo, okuvumela ukuthi wenze izingalo ezilandelanayo zibe mncane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngokungafani nogongolo lwePanhard, ithambo lesifiso semoto alijiki endaweni ebekiwe kugongolo oluguquguqukayo. Iboshwe ngecala elikhethekile, eliqinile ngokuma kodwa eliguquguqukayo eceleni. Induku yokulawula emfushane ixhuma ithambo lesifiso (cishe maphakathi nobude baso) kanye nebha ye-torsion ngaphakathi kwendlu engaphandle. Lapho i-axis yesigxobo se-torsion iphakanyiswa futhi yehliswa maqondana nomzimba, lo mshini usebenza njengebha yePanhard.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba ithambo lesifiso ekugcineni kogongolo lwe-torsion lingahamba ngokuya ngasikhathi sinye ngokuhlobene nesigxobo, livimbela lonke u-ekseli ekuhambeni ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngasikhathi sinye linokuphakanyiswa okufana nebha elula yePanhard.

Amasondo angemuva ahamba aqonde mpo maqondana nomzimba, kungekho mehluko phakathi kokujika kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele. Lokhu kuxhumana futhi kuvumela ukunyakaza okuncane kakhulu phakathi kwesikhungo sokuzungeza kanye nendawo yamandla adonsela phansi lapho i-axle iphakanyiswa noma yehliswa. Noma ngohambo olude lokumiswa, olwenzelwe amanye amamodeli ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isondo lisekelwa ngisho nokumiswa okuphawulekayo noma ukubamba okucijile okucishe kufane nomgwaqo, okusho ukuthi ukuxhumana okuphezulu kwesondo ukuya emgwaqeni kugcinwa.

I-asi ye-Multilink ingasetshenziswa njenge-wheel-drive drive, kanye ne-axle drive noma i-axle drive yangemuva.

I-axle yezixhumanisi eziningi - ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi

• Ibeka ngokufanele izakhiwo zesinematic zesondo.
• Ukuqondiswa kwamasondo okunembe kakhudlwana ngezinguquko ezincane zejometri yamasondo.
• Induduzo yokushayela nokudlidliza kokudlidliza.
• Amabheringi wokuphikisana okuphansi kuyunithi yedamping.
• Ukushintsha ukwakheka kwesandla esisodwa ngaphandle kokushintsha olunye uhlangothi.
• Isisindo esincane futhi sihlangene - isikhala esakhiwe.
• Inobukhulu obuncane nesisindo sokumiswa.
• Izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme.
• Impilo yesevisi emfushane (ikakhulukazi amabheringi erabha - amabhlogo athule amalever alayishwe kakhulu)

I-eksisi enezicucu eziningi isuselwa ku-eksisi ye-trapezoidal, kepha ifuna kakhulu ngokwakhiwa futhi inezingxenye eziningi. Siqukethe izingalo ezilula zobude obude noma obunxantathu. Zibekwa ngokushintshana noma ngobude, kwezinye izimo futhi ngokulinganayo (ezindizeni eziqondile nezime mpo).

Idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi - ukuzimela kwama-levers kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise kahle amandla e-longitudinal, transverse and mpo asebenza esondweni. Ingalo ngayinye isethelwe ukudlulisa amandla e-axial kuphela. Amandla e-longitudinal avela emgwaqeni athathwa yizinsimbi ezihamba phambili nezihamba phambili. Amandla aguquguqukayo abonwa izingalo eziphambanayo ezinobude obuhlukene.

Ukulungiswa okuhle kokuqina kwe-lateral, kwe-longitudinal kanye nokuma mpo nakho kunomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kokushayela nasekuthuthukiseni ukushayela. Ukumiswa kanye nemvamisa yokushaqeka imvamisa ibekwa engalweni, evame ukuwela, engalweni. Ngakho-ke, lengalo inengcindezi enkulu kunezinye, okusho ukwakheka okuqinile noma. okwehlukile (isb. insimbi kuqhathaniswa ne-aluminium alloy).

Ukwandisa ukuqina kokumiswa kwezinto eziningi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-subframe - i-axle isetshenziswa. I-axle inamathele emzimbeni ngosizo lwe-metal-rubber bushings - amabhlogo athule. Kuye ngomthwalo wesondo elilodwa noma elinye (ukweqa, ukugoba), i-angle yezinzwane ishintsha kancane.

Ama-absorbers okwethuka alayishwa kancane kuphela ukucindezeleka kwe-lateral (ngakho-ke ukungqubuzana okwandayo), ngakho-ke angaba mancane kakhulu futhi afakwe ngqo kumthombo wekhoyili coaxially - phakathi nendawo. Ukumiswa akulengi ezimeni ezibucayi, okunomthelela omuhle ekunethezekeni kokugibela.

Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zokukhiqiza, i-asi enezinto eziningi isetshenziswa kakhulu ebangeni eliphakathi nasezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ngokulandelana. abasubathi.

Ngokusho kwabakhiqizi bezimoto, ukwakheka kwe-axle axle uqobo uqobo kuyehluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kumiswa kungahlukaniswa kube lula (3-link) futhi kube yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe (izintambo ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu).

• Endabeni yokufakwa kwezixhumanisi ezintathu, ukugudluka okude nokuma mpo kwesondo kungenzeka, kufaka phakathi ukuzungeza i-eksisi eqondile, okuthiwa ama-degree angu-3 enkululeko - sebenzisa nge-front steering kanye ne-axle yangemuva.
• Ngokukhweza okunezixhumanisi ezine, ukunyakaza kwamasondo aqondile kuvunyelwe, okuhlanganisa ukuzungezisa i-eksisi eqondile, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amadigri enkululeko angu-2 - sebenzisa ngesiteringi sangaphambili ne-axle yangemuva.
• Endabeni yokufakwa kwezixhumanisi ezinhlanu, ukunyakaza okuqondile kuphela kwesondo kuvunyelwe, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-degree engu-1 yenkululeko - isondo eliqondisayo elingcono, sebenzisa kuphela i-axle yangemuva.