Iphutha lenzwa yokunqonqoza (amakhodi P0325, P0326, P0327, P0328)

iphutha lokungqongqoza kungabangelwa izizathu ezihlukahlukene - isignali ephansi noma ephakeme kakhulu esuka kuyo iye ku-ICE electronic control unit (ECU), iphutha lesifunda, ukuphuma okuxakile kwe-voltage noma ububanzi besignali, kanye nokwehluleka okuphelele kwenzwa yokushaya (okwengeziwe i-DD ), okwenzeka kuyaqabukela . Noma kunjalo, noma ngabe kungenzeka, ukukhanya kwe-Check Engine kucushwe kudeshibhodi yemoto, okufanekisela ukubonakala kokuphuka, futhi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kuba nokuwohloka kokuguquguquka, ukucwiliswa ngesivinini kanye ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ngokuvamile, i-"jekichan" ingaphinde ibanjwe ngemva kokusebenzisa uphethiloli omubi, kodwa ngokuvamile imayelana nokuxhumana kanye nezintambo ze-DD. Ikhodi yephutha ifundeka kalula kusetshenziswa izikena zokuxilonga. Ukuze uthole ukuqoshwa kwawo wonke amaphutha enzwa yokugoqa nenkomba yezimbangela nezindlela zokuwaqeda, bheka ngezansi.

Amaphutha enzwa ye-Knock Kukhona ngempela amane - P0325, P0326, P0327 kanye ne-P0328. Kodwa-ke, izimo zokubunjwa kwazo, izimpawu zangaphandle, nezindlela zokuqeda zifana kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyefana. Lawa makhodi okuxilonga awakwazi ukubika ngokuqondile izimbangela zokwehluleka, kodwa abonise isiqondiso sosesho lokwehlukana kwesekethe yenzwa yokungqongqoza. Imvamisa, lokhu kungukuxhumana okungalungile ekuxhumaniseni inzwa kusixhumi noma ukufaka indawo yayo enjinini yangaphakathi, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi inzwa ayisebenzi ngempela (ayikwazi ukulungiswa, ukushintshwa kuphela kungenzeka). Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, ukusebenza kwenzwa yokushaya injini kuyahlolwa.

Iphutha P0325

Ikhodi yephutha i-p0325 ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuphazamiseka kwesekethe yenzwa yokungqongqoza". NgesiNgisi, lokhu kuzwakala njengokuthi: Inzwa ye-Knock 1 Circuit Ukungasebenzi kahle. Kubonisa umshayeli ukuthi iyunithi yokulawula ye-ICE ayitholi isignali evela ku-DD. Ngenxa yokuthi kube nezinkinga ezithile ekunikezeni kwayo noma isifunda sesignali. Imbangela yephutha elinjalo ingase ibe i-voltage ephansi kakhulu noma ephezulu kakhulu evela kunzwa ngenxa yokuxhumana okuvulekile noma okungekuhle kubhulokhi yokubopha izintambo.

Izimbangela ezingenzeka zephutha

Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani iphutha p0325 lingenzeka. Phakathi kwazo:

• i-wiring yenzwa yokushaya ephukile;
• isifunda esifushane kumjikelezo wezintambo ze-DD;
• ukwephulwa kwesixhumi (chip) kanye / noma thintana no-DD;
• izinga eliphezulu lokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokushisa;
• ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokushaya;
• ukwehluleka kweyunithi yokulawula i-ICE (inesifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi ECM).

Imibandela yokulungisa ikhodi yephutha 0325

Ikhodi isethwe kumemori ye-ECU enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi efudumele ngesivinini se-crankshaft esingu-1600-5000 rpm. uma inkinga ingapheli phakathi nemizuzwana emi-5. futhi nokuningi. Ngokwayo, ingobo yomlando yamakhodi wephutha wokuhlukanisa isulwa ngemva kwemijikelezo engama-40 elandelanayo ngaphandle kokulungisa ukuhlukaniswa.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwenkinga olubangele iphutha, udinga ukwenza ukuxilonga okwengeziwe.

Izimpawu zangaphandle zephutha le-P0325

Izimpawu zangaphandle zokuvela kwephutha elishiwo zingabandakanya izimo ezilandelayo. Kodwa-ke, zingabonisa namanye amaphutha, ngakho-ke kufanele wenze ukuxilonga okwengeziwe usebenzisa isithwebuli se-elekthronikhi.

• isibani se-Check Engine kudeshibhodi siyasebenza;
• Iyunithi yokulawula i-ICE isebenza kwimodi ephuthumayo;
• kwezinye izimo, ukuqhunyiswa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kungenzeka;
• ukulahlekelwa amandla e-ICE kungenzeka (imoto "ayidonsi", ilahlekelwa izici zayo eziguqukayo, isheshisa ngokubuthakathaka);
• ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngokungenzi lutho.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenzwa yokungqongqoza noma izintambo zayo zifana nalezo lapho imoto isethelwe ekushiseni sekwephuzile (kuma-carburetor engines).

I-algorithm yephutha yokuxilonga

Ukuxilonga iphutha p0325, isithwebuli sephutha se-elekthronikhi se-OBD-II siyadingeka (isibonelo Skena Ithuluzi Pro Black Edition). Inenani lezinzuzo ngaphezu kwamanye ama-analogue.

32 bit chip Skena Ithuluzi Pro Black ikuvumela ukuthi uskene amabhlogo ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ama-gearbox, ukuhanjiswa, amasistimu asizayo e-ABS, i-ESP ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ulondoloze idatha etholiwe, futhi wenze izinguquko kumapharamitha. Ihambisana nezimoto eziningi. Ungakwazi ukuxhuma ku-smartphone yakho nekhompuyutha ephathekayo nge-wi-fi noma nge-Bluetooth. Inokusebenza okukhulu kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuxilonga ezidume kakhulu. Ngokufunda amaphutha kanye nokufundwa kwezinzwa zokulandelela, unganquma ukuhlukana kwanoma yiziphi izinhlelo.

I-algorithm yokuthola iphutha izoba kanje:

• Okokuqala udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwakungelona amanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usebenzisa isithwebuli, udinga ukusetha kabusha iphutha (uma kungekho abanye, ngaphandle kwalokho udinga ukubhekana nabo kuqala) futhi wenze uhambo lokuhlola. Uma iphutha p0325 livela futhi, qhubeka.
• Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenzwa yokungqongqoza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili - usebenzisa multimeter futhi ngomshini. Nge-multimeter, okokuqala, udinga ukukala i-voltage yenzwa lapho ingcindezi isetshenziswa kuyo. Futhi hlola umjikelezo wayo ku-ECU ukuze uthole i-open. Indlela yesibili, elula, ukuthi uma ungenzi lutho, vele ushaye injini evuthayo yangaphakathi eduze nenzwa. Uma isetshenziswa, ijubane lenjini lizokwehla (i-electronics izoshintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-angle yokushisa), okuyiqiniso, i-algorithm enjalo ayisebenzi kuzo zonke izimoto futhi kwezinye izimo ukufunda isignali ye-BC evela ku-DD isebenza ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ezengeziwe. ).
• Hlola ukusebenza kwe-ECM. Ezimweni ezingavamile, uhlelo lungaphahlazeka. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzokwazi ukuzihlola ngokwakho, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufuna usizo kumthengisi ogunyaziwe we-automaker yemoto yakho.

Ungalisusa kanjani iphutha le-p0325

Kuye ngokuthi yini ebangele iphutha le-p0325, kunezinketho eziningi zokuxazulula le nkinga. Phakathi kwazo:

• ukuhlanza othintana nabo noma ukufaka izixhumi zezintambo (ama-chips);
• ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwezintambo kusuka kunzwa yokungqongqoza kuya kuyunithi yokulawula ye-ICE;
• ukushintshwa kwenzwa yokungqongqoza, imvamisa kwenziwa nguye (le yunithi ayikwazi ukulungiswa);
• ukukhanya noma ukushintsha iyunithi yokulawula injini.

Ngokwayo, iphutha le-p0325 alibalulekile, futhi imoto ingakwazi ukufinyelela isevisi yemoto noma igaraji iyodwa. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokuthi uma kungqongqoza kwenzeka injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, i-ECU ngeke ikwazi ukuphendula kahle futhi iyiqede. Futhi njengoba i-detonation iyingozi kakhulu kuyunithi yamandla, udinga ukuqeda iphutha futhi wenze umsebenzi wokulungisa ofanele ngokushesha ngemva kokuvela kwayo.

Iphutha p0326

Iphutha ngekhodi r0326 uma uxilongwa, umele ukuthi "isignali yenzwa yokushaya ingaphandle kwebanga". Kunguqulo yesiNgisi yencazelo yekhodi - Inzwa ye-Knock 1 Circuit Range / Performance. Ifana kakhulu nephutha p0325 futhi inezimbangela ezifanayo, izimpawu, nezixazululo. I-ECM ithola ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokugoqa ngenxa yesifunda esifushane noma esivulekile ngokuhlola ukuthi isignali yokufaka ye-analog evela kunzwa ingaphakathi kwebanga elidingekayo. Uma umehluko phakathi kwesignali evela ku-knock sensor kanye nezinga lomsindo lingaphansi kwevelu ye-threshold yesikhathi esithile, lokhu kubangela ukwakheka kwekhodi yephutha p0326. le khodi iphinde ibhaliswe uma inani lesiginali elivela kunzwa eshiwo liphakeme noma liphansi kunamanani avumelekile ahambisanayo.

Izimo zokukhiqiza iphutha

Kunezimo ezintathu lapho iphutha elithi p0326 ligcinwa khona ku-ECM. Phakathi kwazo:

1. I-amplitude yesiginali yenzwa yokugoqoza ingaphansi kwenani lomkhawulo elamukelekayo.
2. Iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi ye-ICE (ECU) isebenza ngemodi yokulawula uphethiloli (imvamisa inikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalela).
3. Iphutha alifakwanga kumemori yedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi ngokushesha, kodwa kuphela kumjikelezo wesithathu wedrayivu, lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ifudumala kuze kufike ekushiseni okusebenzayo futhi ngesivinini se-CV ngaphezu kuka-2500 rpm.

Izimbangela zephutha p0326

Isizathu sokwakheka kwephutha p0326 kumemori ye-ECM kungaba yisimo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezilandelayo:

1. Oxhumana naye omubi
2. Ukuqhekeka noma ukujikeleza okufushane ochungechungeni lwegeji yokuqhunyiswa kwemoto.
3. ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokushaya.

Ukuxilongwa nokuqedwa kwekhodi yephutha P0326

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwakungelona amanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, udinga ukusetha kabusha (susa kusuka kumemori) iphutha usebenzisa ikhodi yohlelo, bese wenza uhambo lokulawula ngemoto. Uma iphutha lenzeka futhi, udinga ukubheka imbangela yokuvela kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

• Vala okomlilo bese unqamula izintambo ezixhuma ikhompuyutha kanye nenzwa yokungqongqoza kwenye idivayisi.
• Usebenzisa i-multimeter, udinga ukuhlola ubuqotho balezi zintambo (ngamanye amazwi, "zikhalise").
• Hlola ikhwalithi yokuxhumana kukagesi ezindaweni lapho kuxhunywa khona izintambo kukhompyutha kanye nenzwa yokungqongqoza. Uma kunesidingo, hlanza othintana nabo noma wenze ukulungisa kwemishini ekuboshweni kwe-chip.
• Uma izintambo ziqinile futhi ukuthintana kukagesi kulungile, khona-ke udinga ukuhlola i-torque eqinisayo esihlalweni senzwa yokungqongqoza. Kwezinye izimo (isibonelo, uma isivele ishintshiwe futhi umshisekeli wemoto wayiphonsa "ngeso", engaboni inani le-torque edingekayo), inzwa ingase inganele. Khona-ke udinga ukuthola inani eliqondile lesikhathi ezincwadini zokubhekisela zemoto ethile futhi ulungise isimo usebenzisa i-wrench torque (imvamisa inani lesikhathi esihambisanayo lingaba ngu-20 ... 25 Nm ezimotweni zabagibeli).

Iphutha ngokwalo alibalulekile, futhi ungakwazi ukusebenzisa umshini ngalo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyingozi, ngoba uma kwenzeka ukuchithwa kwamafutha, inzwa ingase ibike ulwazi olungalungile kukhompyutha, futhi i-electronics ngeke ithathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuyiqeda. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqeda kokubili iphutha ngokwalo kumemori ye-ECM ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ukususa izizathu zokuthi kungani kwavela.

Iphutha p0327

Incazelo evamile yaleli phutha ibizwa ngokuthi "isignali ephansi evela kunzwa yokushaya” (ngokuvamile, inani lesignali lingaphansi kuka-0,5 V). NgesiNgisi, kuzwakala njengokuthi: Inzwa ye-Knock 1 Circuit Low Input (Ibhange 1 noma Inzwa Eyodwa). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inzwa ngokwayo ingase isebenze, futhi kwezinye izimo kuyaphawulwa ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-Check Engine kudeshibhodi akucushiwe ngoba ukukhanya "kwesheke" kukhanyisa kuphela lapho ukuwohloka unomphela kwenzeka ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-2 yokushayela.

Izimo zokukhiqiza iphutha

Emishinini ehlukene, izimo zokukhiqiza iphutha p0327 zingahluka, kodwa ezimweni eziningi zinemingcele efanayo. Ake sicabangele lesi simo ngesibonelo semoto yasekhaya ethandwayo yohlobo lweLada Priora. Ngakho-ke, ikhodi P0327 igcinwa kumemori ye-ECU lapho:

• inani lejubane le-crankshaft lingaphezu kuka-1300 rpm;
• izinga lokushisa elipholile elingaphezu kuka-60 degrees Celsius (injini evuthayo yangaphakathi efudumele);
• inani le-amplitude lesiginali elisuka ku-knock sensor lingaphansi kwezinga lombundu;
• inani lephutha lakhiwa kumjikelezo wedrayivu wesibili, futhi hhayi ngokushesha.

Noma ngabe yikuphi, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kufanele ifudumale, ngoba ukuqhunyiswa kukaphethiloli kungenzeka kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Izimbangela zephutha p0327

Izimbangela zaleli phutha ziyefana nalezi ezichazwe ngenhla. okungukuthi:

• ukungaqini kahle / thintana no-DD;
• isifunda esifushane ku-wiring phansi noma ukuwohloka kwesifunda sokulawula / sokupha amandla kwenzwa yokungqongqoza;
• ukufakwa okungalungile kwe-DD;
• ukwehluleka kwe-fuel knock sensor;
• ukwehluleka kwesoftware kweyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ICE.

Ngokuvumelana nalokho, udinga ukuhlola imishini eshiwo.

Indlela yokwenza ukuxilongwa

Ukuhlola iphutha kanye nokusesha imbangela yalo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

• Hlola amaphuzu angamanga ngokusetha kabusha iphutha. Uma, ngemva kokwenza kabusha izimo zokuvela kwalo, iphutha lingabonakali, khona-ke lokhu kungabhekwa "njenge-glitch" ye-ICE control electronics.
• Xhuma ithuluzi lokuxilonga ngesofthiwe efanele kusokhethi ye-adaptha. Qala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi bese uyifudumeza ifike ezingeni lokushisa elisebenzayo lenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingafudunyezwa). Phakamisa isivinini senjini sibe ngaphezu kuka-1300 rpm ngesinyathela segesi. Uma iphutha lingaveli, khona-ke lokhu kungaqedwa. Uma kwenzeka, qhubeka uhlole.
• Hlola isixhumi senzwa ukungcola, udoti, uwoyela wenjini, nokunye. Uma ikhona, sebenzisa uketshezi lokuhlanza oluphephile endlini yepulasitiki yenzwa ukuze ukhiphe ukungcola.
• Vala ukuthungela futhi uhlole ubuqotho bezintambo phakathi kwenzwa ne-ECU. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa i-multimeter electronic. Nokho, ucingo oluphukile, ngaphezu kwephutha p0327, ngokuvamile lubangela amaphutha angenhla.
• Hlola inzwa yokugoqa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuyiqaqa futhi ulinganise ukumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi usebenzisa i-multimeter ye-elekthronikhi efanayo, ishintshelwe kumodi yokulinganisa ukumelana (ohmmeter). Ukumelana kwayo kufanele kube cishe ku-5 MΩ. Uma iphansi kakhulu, khona-ke inzwa ayisebenzi.
• Qhubeka uhlole inzwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-multimeter, vula imodi yokulinganisa ye-voltage eqondile (DC) ngaphakathi kwe-200 mV. Xhuma i-multimeter iholela ku-sensor lead. Ngemuva kwalokho, usebenzisa isikrufu noma i-screwdriver, ngqongqoza eduze nendawo yokufaka inzwa. Kulokhu, inani le-voltage yokuphuma kuyo lizoshintsha. Ngemva kwamasekhondi ambalwa, inani lizoba njalo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, inzwa inephutha futhi idinga ukushintshwa. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokuhlola ine-drawback eyodwa - kwesinye isikhathi i-multimeter ayikwazi ukubamba ukuguquguquka okuncane kwamandla kagesi futhi inzwa enhle ingathathwa njengenephutha.

Ngokungeziwe ezinyathelweni zokuqinisekisa eziphathelene nokusebenza kwenzwa, qiniseka ukuthi iphutha alibangelwanga imisindo engaphandle, njengokudlidliza kokuvikela i-crankcase, ukungqongqoza kweziphakamisi ezisebenza ngogesi, noma inzwa ayizange iboshwe kahle enjinini. vimba.

Ngemva kokulungisa ukuhlukana, ungakhohlwa ukusula iphutha kumemori yekhompyutha.

Iphutha p0328

Ikhodi yephutha p0328, ngokwencazelo, isho ukuthi "shaya i-voltage ephumayo yenzwa ngaphezu komkhawulo” (ngokuvamile i-threshold iba ngu-4,5 V). Enguqulweni yesiNgisi ibizwa nge-Knock Sensor 1 Circuit High. Leli phutha lifana nelangaphambilini, kodwa umehluko wukuthi kulokhu kungabangelwa ukuphuka kwezintambo zesiginali / amandla phakathi kwenzwa yokungqongqoza kanye neyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi noma ngokufinyeza isigaba sezintambo kukhompyutha ukuze “ +”. Ukunquma imbangela kuphazanyiswa yiqiniso lokuthi iphutha elinjalo livela kaningi hhayi ngenxa yezinkinga zesekethe, kodwa ngenxa yokungatholakali kahle kukaphethiloli egumbini elivuthayo (ingxube enciphile), okwenzeka ngenxa yokuvalwa kwemibhobho, iphampu kaphethiloli empofu. ukusebenza, uphethiloli wezinga eliphansi noma ukungafani kwesigaba nokufaka ukuthungela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izimpawu zangaphandle

Izimpawu ezingaqondile okungahlulelwa ngazo ukuthi iphutha elithi p0328 lenzeka zifana nalezi ezichazwe ngenhla. okungukuthi, ukukhanya kwe-Check Engine kudeshibhodi kuvuliwe, imoto ilahlekelwa amandla ayo, ijubane elibi. Kwezinye izimo, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyaphawulwa. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezisohlwini zingase zibonise okunye ukuphazamiseka, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola ikhompyutha.

Imbangela kufanele ifunwe ngokuhlola izimpawu, kanye nokusesha ngokwako ngokususa isixhumi sokuxhuma inzwa yokungqongqoza enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi egijimayo. udinga ukukala amapharamitha wenkomba futhi ubheke nokuziphatha kwemoto.

Izimbangela zephutha p0328

Izimbangela zephutha p0328 kungase kube ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo:

• ukulimala kwesixhumi senzwa yokungqongqoza noma ukungcoliswa kwayo okubalulekile (ukungena kwemfucumfucu, uwoyela wenjini);
• isifunda senzwa eshiwo sinesifunda esifushane noma isifunda esivulekile;
• inzwa yokungqongqoza inephutha;
• kukhona ukuphazamiseka kagesi kumjikelezo wezinzwa (i-pickup);
• ukucindezela okuphansi emgqeni kaphethiloli wemoto (ngaphansi kwenani lombundu);
• ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungafanelekile kule moto (enenombolo ye-octane ephansi) noma izinga layo eliphansi;
• iphutha ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokulawula i-elekthronikhi ICE (ukwehluleka).

futhi isizathu esisodwa esithakazelisayo sokuthi abashayeli baqaphele ukuthi iphutha elifanayo lingenzeka uma ama-valve engalungiswanga kahle, okungukuthi, anegebe elibanzi kakhulu.

Izinketho zokuxazulula izinkinga ezingenzeka

Kuye ngokuthi yini ebangela iphutha elithi p0328, izindlela zokuliqeda zizohluka. Kodwa-ke, izinqubo zokulungisa zifana ngokuphelele nalezi ezichazwe ngenhla, ngakho-ke simane sizibhale ngokohlu:

• hlola inzwa yokungqongqoza, ukumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi, kanye nenani le-voltage eliphuma kuyo kukhompyutha;
• ukwenza ucwaningo lwezintambo ezixhuma iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi kanye ne-DD;
• ukuze ubuyekeze i-chip lapho inzwa ixhunywe khona, ikhwalithi nokuthembeka koxhumana nabo;
• hlola inani le-torque esihlalweni senzwa yokungqongqoza, uma kunesidingo, setha inani olifunayo usebenzisa i-wrench ye-torque.

Njengoba ubona, izinqubo zokuqinisekisa kanye nezizathu zokuthi kungani amaphutha p0325, p0326, p0327 kanye ne-p0328 avela zifana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zesixazululo ziyafana.

Khumbula ukuthi ngemva kokuqeda wonke amaphutha, kubalulekile ukusula amakhodi ephutha enkumbulweni yeyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi esofthiwe (okungcono kakhulu), noma ngokumane unqamule itheminali enegethivu ebhethrini imizuzwana eyi-10.

Izincomo ezengeziwe

Okokugcina, kufanelekile ukuphawula amaqiniso ambalwa athakazelisayo azosiza abashayeli bezimoto ukuqeda izinkinga ngenzwa yokungqongqoza futhi ikakhulukazi nge-phenomenon ye-fuel detonation.

Okokuqala, kufanele uhlale ucabangela ukuthi kunezinzwa zekhwalithi ehlukile (kubakhiqizi abahlukene) ezithengiswayo. Ngokuvamile, abashayeli bezimoto baphawula ukuthi izinzwa ezishibhile ezisezingeni eliphansi azisebenzi nje ngokungalungile, kodwa futhi zihluleka ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, zama ukuthenga imikhiqizo yekhwalithi.

Okwesibili, lapho ufaka inzwa entsha, sebenzisa njalo itorque yokuqinisa efanele. Ulwazi olunembile lungatholakala kubhukwana lemoto noma ezinsizeni ezikhethekile ku-inthanethi. Okungukuthi, ukuqiniswa kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-torque wrench. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwe-DD akumele kwenziwe kubhawodi, kodwa ku-stud enamantongomane. Ngeke ivumele inzwa ukuthi ikhulule ukuqiniswa kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphansi kwethonya lokudlidliza. Impela, lapho ukuqiniswa kwebhawodi elijwayelekile kuthukululwa, yona noma inzwa ngokwayo ingadlidliza esihlalweni sayo futhi inikeze ulwazi ngamanga ukuthi i-detonation itholakala.

Ngokuqondene nokuhlola inzwa, enye yalezi zinqubo ukuhlola ukumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-multimeter eshintshelwe kumodi yokulinganisa ukumelana (ohmmeter). Izohluka ngenzwa ngayinye, kodwa inani elilinganiselwe lizoba cishe ngu-5 MΩ (akumele libe phansi kakhulu noma lilingane no-zero, njengoba lokhu kubonisa ngokuqondile ukwehluleka kwayo).

Njengendlela yokuvimbela, ungafafaza othintana nabo ngoketshezi ukuze ubahlanze noma i-analogue yayo ukuze unciphise ngokwengeziwe amathuba okuba ne-oxidation (buyekeza kokubili othintana nabo kwinzwa ngokwayo nesixhumi sayo).

Futhi, uma kwenzeka amaphutha angenhla, kufanele uhlole njalo isimo sezintambo zenzwa yokushaya. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingaba brittle futhi ilimale. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyaphawulwa ezinkundleni ukuthi ukugoqwa kwe-banal kwe-wiring nge-insulating tape kungaxazulula inkinga ngephutha. Kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa i-tape kagesi engamelana nokushisa futhi ifake izingqimba eziningana.

Abanye abanikazi bezimoto bayaqaphela ukuthi iphutha elilodwa noma amaningi kulawa angenhla angenzeka uma ugcwalisa imoto ngophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi ngesilinganiso se-octane esingaphansi kunalokho esibekwe injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma ngemuva kokuhlola awutholanga ukungasebenzi kahle, zama nje ukushintsha igalaji likaphethiloli. Kwabanye abathanda izimoto, lokhu kusizile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ungenza ngaphandle kokufaka inzwa yokungqongqoza. Kunalokho, ungazama ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwayo. okungukuthi, ngosizo lwe-sandpaper kanye / noma ifayela, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza indawo yayo yensimbi ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola nokugqwala kuyo (uma kukhona). Ngakho ungakwazi ukwandisa (ukubuyisela) ukuxhumana komshini phakathi kwenzwa kanye ne-cylinder block.

Okunye okuqaphelekayo ukuthi inzwa yokungqongqoza ingenza iphutha ngemisindo engaphandle ngokuqhunyiswa. Isibonelo isikhunta sokuvikela se-ICE esibuthakathaka, ngenxa yokuthi ukuvikela ngokwako kuginqika emgwaqeni, futhi inzwa ingasebenza ngamanga, ithumele isignali kukhompyutha, yona ikhulise i-angle yokuthungela, futhi "ukungqongqoza" kuqhubeke. Kulokhu, amaphutha achazwe ngenhla angase avele.

Kwamanye amamodeli emishini, amaphutha anjalo angase avele ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi kunzima ukuwaphinda. Ngempela, kwezinye izimoto, inzwa yokungqongqoza isebenza kuphela endaweni ethile ye-crankshaft. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nalapho ucindezela injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngesando, akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza kabusha iphutha futhi uqonde isizathu. Lolu lwazi ludinga ukucaciswa kabanzi futhi kungcono ukuthintana nesevisi yemoto ukuze uthole usizo ngalokhu.

Ezinye izimoto zesimanje zinenzwa yomgwaqo engalungile evala inzwa yokungqongqoza lapho imoto ishayela emigwaqweni emibi futhi i-crankshaft ishaya futhi ikhiqiza umsindo ofana nokuqhunyiswa kukaphethiloli. Yingakho ukuhlola i-knock sensor uma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza, uma kushaywa into enzima enjinini, emva kwalokho isivinini senjini yehla, akulungile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlola inani le-voltage elikhiqizayo ngesikhathi somthelela wemishini enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Kungcono ukungqongqoza hhayi enjini, kodwa kwezinye izinsimbi, ukuze ungalimazi izindlu zemoto!

isiphetho

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, wonke amaphutha amane achazwe awabalulekile, futhi imoto ingashayela egalaji noma isevisi yemoto ngokwayo. Nokho, lokhu kuzoba yingozi enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi uma kwenzeka ukuqhunyiswa kukaphethiloli enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma amaphutha anjalo eyenzeka, kuseyinto efiselekayo ukuwaqeda ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kuqedwe izimbangela ezibangele. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yokuwohloka okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuzoholela ekulungiseni okungathí sina, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, okubiza kakhulu.