Izikhali - I-Perspective 2040

Izoba njani ikhulu lesi-XNUMX emabuthweni amakhulu emhlabeni? Kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani engxenyeni yesibili yekhulunyaka, kodwa kufanele nakanjani sibheke ubuchwepheshe obuzongena noma obuzosetshenziswa eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ikakhulukazi ebuthweni laseMelika, elibeka isiqondiso uhlanga lwamandla.

Izikhali zesikhathi esizayo ziyisihloko esithakazelisayo. Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezintsha zezikhali, sivame ukuwela emaphusheni ahlanzekile, angahlangene kancane namandla amanje ezobuchwepheshe. Yingakho ke Ingxoxo yethu kulo mbiko izogcina eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ezayo - okungukuthi, amaphrojekthi izikhungo zocwaningo lwezempi empeleni ezisebenza kuwo futhi okungenzeka ukuthi aphumele ezisombululweni okuzothi ngo-2040 kube indinganiso emasosheni amakhulu.

Ngaphansi kwe-F-35

Mayelana namaphrojekthi amaningana webutho lesimanje kakhulu emhlabeni - owaseMelika - kungashiwo ukuthi u-99% wabo uzobumba amandla nokubaluleka kwawo engxenyeni elandelayo yekhulu leminyaka.

Impela kungokwabo I-B-21 Raider - Ibhomu yaseMelika ebonakala kancane ithuthukiswe nguNorthrop Grumman njengengxenye yohlelo (LRS-B). Ngokusho kokucabangela, i-B-21 kufanele ikwazi ukuthwala izikhali ezivamile nezikhali zenuzi. Ukulungela ukulwa kokuqala kuhlelelwe maphakathi nawo-20s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo wokuguqula i-Raider isuke emotweni ephethwe abantu iyenze imoto elawulwa umuntu ngokuzithandela nayo iyacatshangelwa. Indiza entsha kufanele ingene esikhundleni samabhomu amadala ekundizakeni kwesu laseMelika. B-52 i В-1BUkuthatha umhlalaphansi okuhlelelwe i-40s Ukuqokwa kwe-B-21 kufanele kubonise ukuthi kuzoba ibhomu lokuqala lekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

yize I-F-35C (1), okungukuthi, inguqulo ye-US Navy ye-T-6 ifinyelele ukulungela kokuqala ukusebenza kulo nyaka, i-US Navy isivele icabanga ngephrojekthi entsha ngokuphelele. Kuzoba i-US Navy XNUMX+ isizukulwane esisemoyeni sokulwa esiqokiwe F / A-XXokuyinto, nokho, ngeke yakhiwe kuze kube ngu-2035. Kulesi sikhathi, ukushintshwa kwama-flight fighters kubonakala kudingekile. Ochwepheshe abaningi baveza ukuthi ama-fighter glider, abesebenza kusukela cishe ngo-2035. I-F/A-18E/F I-Super Hornet manje bazoba sesimeni esibi. Ukuthi nje umkhawulo wabo osemthethweni wokusebenzisa amahora angu-6. Isilinganiso sobudala bemikhumbi yalaba balwi silinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-25. Idizayini ethize "yakudala" ayisafanele abathwali bezindiza abasha.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, u-Lockheed Martin wavuma ngokusemthethweni ukuthi igatsha layo elingaqondakali nelidume umhlaba wonke I-Skunk Works (ihhovisi lezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe) - ukusebenza ngomlandeli wehlelo I-SR-71 Blackbird. Okwamanje, umshini ubizwa ngonjiniyela ngokuthi SR-72. Yize yonke iphrojekthi iyimpicabadala, siyayazi imininingwane embalwa - umbonisi wangaphambi kwesikhathi wobuchwepheshe (olinganiselwa cishe ku-$1 bhiliyoni ekwakheni) ubonwe esibhakabhakeni phezu kwePalmdale, California. Ngokusho kokukhathazeka, imoto entsha izokwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-7500 km/h. Ngokungafani ne-SR-71, izobe ingenamuntu, okufanele ithuthukise kakhulu ukuphepha kwendiza futhi yenze kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi eyingozi. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwenguqulo elandelayo yobuchwepheshe, ngeke ibonakale kuma-radar. Kodwa-ke, kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nokushayela, nakuba ngokuvamile kukhona ukuthuthukiswa okusha.

Umsebenzi endizeni waqala cishe eminyakeni emine edlule. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokubambisana kakhulu nonjiniyela be-Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). kulindeleke idethi yokungena kozongena esikhundleni se-Blackbird emsebenzini cishe ngo-2030., noma kunjalo, izindiza zokuqala zomshini oqediwe kufanele zenzeke ngo-2021-2022.

Lawa akuwona wonke amaphrojekthi ayimfihlo e-Lockheed Martin. Ukukhathazeka kuyasebenza nakubalandelayo U-2, I-visa engu-F-117. i B-2. Wamemezela izinhlelo zakhe ngo-Ephreli engqungqutheleni ye-Aerotech e-Texas, kwathi ngoSepthemba, ethula ifilimu emayelana neminyaka engu-75 ye-Skunk Works, wabonisa izithombe ezimelela imiqondo emisha yokulwa. izindiza. Kube nokugqwayiza okukhombisa ukubonwa kwezilwi zesizukulwane sesithupha zomoya, i.e. ongangena esikhundleni I-F-22 Raptor - idizayina nge-silhouette eyisicaba kakhudlwana kuyilapho inakekela ukwakheka kwe-airframe.

Ngaphandle kwezwekazi laseMelika, ucwaningo lusaqhubeka nangamasosha esizukulwane sesithupha. eRussia - naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-fighter yesizukulwane sesihlanu egcwele akukaqedwa lapho (Su-57). I-Sukhoi Design Bureau ilungiselele izikimu zokuqala zokuklama imishini emisha ngonyaka odlule. Kulindeleke ukuthi zombili lezi zinhlelo zisebenze ngokufana, kucatshangelwa ukuqaliswa kwezinye izixazululo ezintsha ezindizeni zesizukulwane esiphansi, kuze kufike ezingeni elithi "5+".

I-Twin rotor kanye nephiko eliguqukayo

Ngo-April, izinkampani zokuvikela I-Boeing Company kanye ne-Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation babonise umqondo wenguqulo yesiteleka samandiza anophephela emhlane ku-YouTube. I-SB-1 Defiant (2). Banikezwa amasosha njengomndeni wezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezinezinhloso eziningi zesikhathi esizayo, enguqulweni yokuhlasela njengabalandelayo. AH-64 Apache. Idizayini yenguqulo yezokuthutha ye-SB-1 Defiant, ehlongozwayo njengomlandeli womndeni UH-60 Black Hawk, yethulwa phakathi no-2014. Njengenguqulo yokuqala, entsha nayo iyindiza enophephela emhlane enezinsimbi ezimbili eziyinhloko (isistimu ye-coaxial twin rotor ene-counter-rotating rigid propellers) kanye ne-pusher propeller.

I-Boeing-Sikorsky inikeza umncintiswano - imodeli esheshayo ithuthukisiwe I-V-280 Inani (3) kusukela ku-Bell Helicopter, eyanikeza i-US Army umshini ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele - njengendiza yesizukulwane sesithathu esongwayo. I-prototype ephelele yale modeli isanda kwethulwa e-Amarillo Assembly Center eTexas. I-V-280 Valor izofakelwa uhlelo lokulawula i-elekthronikhi olukabili olukabili, umsila wovemvane, amaphiko angashintshi kanye negiya lokuhlala elihlehlayo.

3. Iqhawe lokubona ngeso lengqondo V-280

Isisindo esikhulu sokusuka silinganiselwa ku-13 kg kanti ijubane elikhulu lilinganiselwa ku-680 km/h. Lo mshini uzokwazi ukugibela amasosha afinyelela kwayishumi nanye, kanti izisebenzi zizoba nabashayeli bezindiza ababili nochwepheshe ababili. I-radius yesenzo ingaphezu kuka-520 km. Inguqulo yomthelela ye-tiltrotor, eqokwe njenge I-AV-280, enezikhali emakamelweni angaphakathi kanye naku-sling yangaphandle (imicibisholo), kanye nama-drones amancane. Emshinini omusha, ama-rotors kuphela azojikeleza, futhi ama-motor azohlala endaweni enezingqimba, ehlukanisa umklamo kusuka owaziwayo. V-22 Ospreya, indiza enamaphiko amaningi antantayo evela eBell naseBoeing. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lokhu kwenza umklamo womshini ube lula futhi kufanele ukwandise ukuthembeka kwawo uma kuqhathaniswa nowandulelayo.

Imikhumbi engakaze ibe khona

Ikusasa USS Zumwalt ubebhukuda kusukela ngo-2015 (4). Lona umbhubhisi omkhulu we-US Navy - ubude bawo buyi-180 metres, nesisindo sayo (emhlabeni) siyizinkulungwane ezingu-15. iphimbo. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, ngenxa yomklamo okhethekile we-hull yohlobo, ku-radar ayibonakali inkulu kunesikebhe sokudoba.

4. I-USS Zumwalt echwebeni

Umkhumbi uphawuleka nangezinye izindlela eziningi. Ukuze kunikwe amandla amadivayisi asebhodini, kwasetshenziswa izixazululo ze-microgrid (), ngokusekelwe ohlelweni oluhlakaniphile lokusabalalisa amandla olusuka emithonjeni ehlukahlukene esabalalisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla adingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe amasistimu wokuzulazula, izinto zokusebenza nezikhali zomkhumbi awaveli ejeneretha elingaphakathi, kodwa avela kubo bonke. izinjini zomoya, amajeneretha egesi yemvelo, njll. Umkhumbi uqhutshwa ama-turbine amabili e-Rolls-Royce Marine Trent-30. Iphinde ifakwe injini ye-diesel ephuthumayo engu-78 MW.

Ikilasi I-DDG-1000 Zumwalt Lezi yimikhumbi eklanyelwe ukusebenza eduze nogu. Mhlawumbe, esikhathini esizayo, ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa amandla okungenantambo buzosetshenziswa ukuze bunikwe amandla. Kuze kube manje, incazelo yephrojekthi igcizelela kuphela ukuhlukahluka kwemithombo yamandla ngokugcizelela emithonjeni "ehlanzekile".

I-Zumwalt ivula isigaba esisha semikhumbi yasolwandle kanye nendlela entsha yokwakha imikhumbi yasolwandle. I-Startpoint, ithimba elakhiwe yi-British Royal Navy kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela wendawo, lithuthukise lo msebenzi eminyakeni yamuva. I-Dreadnought T2050 (5). Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sihlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-American Zumwalt. NjengeZumwalt, yayihlomile indawo yokwehla. Kuhlinzekiwe futhi indawo yokulalaehlala izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezinkudlwana. Ngemuva kuzoba nesiteshi sezimoto ezingahlali muntu ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-T2050 kufanele futhi ifakwe.

5. I-Dreadnought T2050 - ukubuka kuqala

Ikilasi elisha lomkhumbi-ngwenya

NgoSepthemba, i-US Navy yanikeza inkontileka ku-General Dynamics Electric Boat ngokuklama nokwakhiwa komkhumbi-ngwenya wezikhali zenuzi wamasu wesizukulwane esilandelayo. imicibisholo ye-ballistic. Iqala kanjalo-ke Uhlelo lwaseColombia, okufanele kuholele ekwakhiweni kwabalandelayo (okwamanje abayishumi nambili) kumikhumbi-ngwenya ecitshwayo ecitshwayo esezingeni lase-Ohio esetshenziswayo njengamanje. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwayo, ikakhulukazi, umsebenzi wokuklama kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye, ubuchwepheshe kanye nama-prototypes wobuciko obusha obuntantayo kuzoqala. AbaseMelika bagcizelela ukuthi iGreat Britain nayo ibambe iqhaza kulo msebenzi.

“y,” kusho uNobhala Webutho Lamanzi URichard W. Spencer. Ngokusho komphathi wohlelo wase-Columbia u-Admiral Ongemuva uDavid Goggins, isigaba sokukhiqiza nesokuthunyelwa singaqala ngo-2021.

Lonke uhlelo luzodla imali elinganiselwa ku-$100 billion. Uhlelo olukhulu kangaka lokutshalwa kwezimali lugqamisa ukubaluleka kwemikhumbi-ngwenya ejikijelwayo ecitshwayo kuqhinga lokuvimba lase-US.

Lolu hlelo alukhathazi kuphela imikhumbi ngokwayo, kodwa futhi nezikhali zayo zenuzi. Ngayinye kulawa mayunithi izothola, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-reactor entsha nemicibisholo ecitshwayo ye-Trident II D5 eyishumi nesithupha (6). I-Columbia yokuqala (SSBN 826) izongena enkonzweni ngo-2031.

6. I-Trident II D5 uma iqhathaniswa nemicibisholo yase-US yangaphambilini ye-ballistic

Ama-drones angaphansi kwamanzi akhula ngokubaluleka

Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2017 eNewport, Rhode Island, kwasungulwa owokuqala e-US Navy ithimba lekhamera elingaphansi kwamanzi elingenamuntu (UUV), eyanikezwa igama UVRON 1. Njengamanje, kule ngxenye "yemakethe" yezempi, abaseMelika banemikhumbi yezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-130 zezinhlobo ezahlukene (7).

7. Indiza yezempi yaseMelika ifuna izimayini ezingaphansi kwamanzi

Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwamasosha angaphansi kwamanzi aseMelika ukuthi amaShayina ahlela ukwenza into egudlukayo. indawo yokuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Umgomo osemthethweni kuzoba ukucinga amaminerali, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukujwayela izinjongo zezempi. Kuzofanele asebenze oLwandle iSouth China, endaweni okungabangwa ngayo hhayi yiChina kuphela, kodwa nayiPhilippines neVietnam. Ulwandle lulapho ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-3. m. Akukaze kusetshenziswe “kwalasha” anjalo akukho neyodwa into ehlala abantu eyayihlala ixhashazwa.

Izingqapheli eziningi ziphawula ukuthi lesi siteshi singasebenza njengesisekelo solunye uhlelo - okuthiwa. Underwater Great Wall of China. Lokhu kubhekisela kunethiwekhi yezinzwa ezintantayo nezingaphansi kwamanzi eziklanyelwe ukuthola imikhumbi-ngwenya yesitha. Izinsizakalo eziyimfihlo sezinesikhathi eside zazi ngalezi zinhlelo, kodwa amaShayina akhiphe ulwazi mayelana nawo muva nje. Zizosetshenziselwa ukuqalisa iphrojekthi. Ngonyaka odlule embukisweni wezempi, uhulumeni waseChina wembula inqwaba yezimoto ezinganamuntu - ama-drones asolwandlelokhu kungaba yingxenye yohlelo lokuvikela ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ayezokwazi ukunyakaza kokubili ebusweni bamanzi nasekujuleni ngaphansi kwawo. Babekwazi futhi ukuphatha izikhali ezikwazi ukushaya imikhumbi-ngwenya, kanye nezinye izinto ezikhokhelwayo.

Ihora ukuya kolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba

I-2040 ayibonakali njengesikhathi esingenangqondo izikhali ze-hypersonic (8), okumanje ihlolwa kakhulu, okubhebhezelwa umkhuhlane okhulayo womjaho wezikhali. Lokhu kuyasetshenzwa e-United States, kanye naseChina naseRussia. Izinhlelo zezikhali ze-Hypersonic zenza kube nokwenzeka ukushaya ezintweni noma kubantu noma kuphi emhlabeni, indawo lapho yaziwa okwesikhashana kuphela, hhayi ngaphezu kwehora.

8. Izikhali ze-Hypersonic - ukubona ngeso

Kumagama ochwepheshe, izixazululo zalolu hlobo zibizwa ngokuthi Izinhlelo ze-HGV class (). Ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzi wabo luyimfihlakalo, kodwa siyazi kancane ngabo, futhi siqagela kancane, nakuba, mhlawumbe, kwezinye izindawo sitshelwa ngamabomu ngamabomu ngezinsizakalo ezifanele zamandla amakhulu - emva kwakho konke, kuphela. bangathola izikhali zokuphatha izikhathi eziningana ngokushesha kunokuvumela umsindo.

Uma sikhuluma ngalesi sigaba sezikhali, ngokuvamile zisho ukuqondisa imicibisholo ejikijelwayo, i.e. ukuntweza. Ahamba ngesivinini esiphindwe izikhathi eziningi kunemicibisholo ecitshwayo yangaphambilini futhi awabonakali nge-radar. Ukube bezisetshenziswa, eziningi zezikhali zenuzi ezikhona emhlabeni bezingeke zisize, njengoba imicibisholo ecitshwayo yalolu hlobo cishe ibiyocekela phansi izinsalela ezicitshwayo esigabeni sokuqala sempi. Ukulandelela ama-glider nge-radar cishe akunakwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi andizela endaweni ephansi kakhulu kunemicibisholo ecitshwayo evamile, bese eshaya okuhlosiwe ngokunemba kwamamitha ambalwa.

I-China yenza umzamo wayo wesikhombisa ngo-Ephreli I-hypersonic missile DF-ZF (phambilini obewaziwa ngokuthi I-WU-14). Kukholakala ukuthi ifinyelela isivinini eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10 edlule, ukuyivumela ukuthi inqobe ngempumelelo uhlelo lokuvikela imicibisholo yase-US. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, indiza yokuhlolwa komcibisholo wakhe we-hypersonic yenzeka. I-3M22 iZirconium kwenziwa amaRussia. Ngokusho kwemibiko eyaziwa kakhulu yaseMelika, imicibisholo yaseRussia yayilungele ukusetshenziswa ngo-2018, kanye namaShayina ngo-2020. Ngokulandelayo, ukuphumelela kokulungela ukulwa nempi yokuqala yaseRussia yalolu hlobo, okulindeleke isikhungo sokuhlaziya saseBrithani iJane's Information Group, ihlelelwe iminyaka engu-2020-2025.

Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula lokho eRussia (nangaphambili e-USSR) ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nenqubo yokuqalisa nokulawula imicibisholo ye-hypersonic sekuyisikhathi eside kwakhiwa.. Ngo-1990, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa nge Ju-70 / 102E uhlelo. Isivele isetshenzisiwe ekuhlolweni okulandelayo. Yu-71. Ngokusho kokucabangela, le rocket kufanele ifinyelele izinkulungwane eziyi-11. km / h I-Zircon eshiwo ngenhla ingenye iphrojekthi, inguqulo yayo yokuthekelisa eyaziwa eNtshonalanga ngokuthi I-BraMos II.

E-United States, umqondo wokudala izikhali ezinjalo wavela ngenxa yokubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo yendawo yenuzi () ngo-2001. Sekuyisikhathi eside kwenziwa umsebenzi kumqondo wokusebenzisa imicibisholo emisha esheshayo esuselwe ezinhlelweni ezifana, isibonelo, i-Prompt Global Strike (PGS). Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, amaMelika agxile ku-spacecraft ye-hypersonic kanye nemicibisholo enezinhloko zempi ezivamile, isibonelo, ukulwa namaphekula noma iNyakatho Korea.

Kuphela ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi iRussia neShayina zisebenza ikakhulukazi ekuhlaseleni kwenyukliya kwe-hypersonic, i-US ilungisa isu layo futhi isheshisa umsebenzi ukuze ithathele imicibisholo ecitshwayo ye-intercontinental ballistic yamanje ngemicibisholo ye-hypersonic. 

Ephendula ulwazi oluvela e-United States, inhloko yezokuvikela emoyeni waseRussia, uGeneral Alexander Leonov, uthe iRussia isebenza ngokuzimisela ukwakha uhlelo olukwazi ukumisa imicibisholo yalolu hlobo.

UDmitry Rogozin, iPhini likaNdunankulu weRussian Federation, usanda kuphawula, eveza ukuthi iRussia icabanga kakhulu ngokuthatha isikhundla esiphambili kulo mjaho.

Ama-laser amaningi futhi anamandla

Zonke izimpawu esibhakabhakeni, phansi, nasolwandle zikhomba ukuthi amaMelika njengamanje ahamba phambili ekwakheni izikhali ze-laser. Ngo-2016, i-US Army yamemezela izivivinyo ezinkulu I-laser ye-HELMTT enamandla amakhulu (Iloli Lokuhlola I-High Energy Laser Mobile) elilinganiselwe ku-10kW (ekugcineni lizoba ngu-50kW) elakhiwe yi-Fires Center of Excellence Combat Lab e-Fort Still Proving Ground, e-Oklahoma. Kuhloswe ngazo ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthatha izikhali zaleli klasi ukuze zisebenze nombutho wezempi maphakathi nawo-20s.

Lena enye inguqulo ye-American, efakwe futhi ihlolwe iminyaka eminingana emikhunjini. Ngo-2013, amandla esistimu yesikhali se-laser aboniswa emanzini aseduze neSan Diego. Uhlelo lwezikhali ze-laser - Imithetho (9) efakwe kumbhubhisi USS Dewey. I-LaWS ishaya okuqondiwe kwasemoyeni okugadwa isistimu ye-radar.

Ngo-2015, isithombe semoto ebhujiswe isibhamu se-laser sasakazwa emhlabeni wonke, sihlanganiswe nolwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo kwesistimu ye-laser. Ukuhlolwa Kwempahla Yamandla Aphakeme Okuthuthukisiwe (ATHENA), Lockheed Martin. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, imboni e-Bothell, eWashington, yaqala ukukhiqiza amamojula wezinhlelo ze-laser ezinamandla angu-60 kW ukuze zifakwe ezimotweni ze-US Army.

Ngokusho kolwazi olushicilelwe, kuzokwazi ukuhlanganisa amamojula amabili ukuze uthole amandla aphelele we-beam afinyelela ku-120 kW. Isixazululo sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-fiber laser kanye nokukhanya okuvela kumamojula amaningi kuhlanganiswe kube ugongolo olulodwa kusetshenziswa lobu buchwepheshe. I-beam enamandla edalwe ngaleyo ndlela yabhubhisa injini yemoto endaweni yokuhlola ngemizuzwana nje, ukusuka kude, phakathi nokuhlolwa okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.

Ama-Lasers abhekwa njengendlela ekahle yokwakha izikhali zempi. Amarokhethi, amagobolondo namabhomu andiza ngesivinini esikhulu, kodwa umsebe we-laser kuyashesha futhi ngokwethiyori kufanele kucekele phansi yonke into efikayo. Ngo-2018, iGeneral Dynamics yaqala ukuhlanganisa ama-lasers angu-18-kilowatt ezimotweni zamasosha e-Stryker. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekusetshenzisweni kweNavy kusukela ngo-2014. uhlelo isikhali laser ku-USS Ponce futhi ihlose ukubeka izikhali ezinjalo ezikebheni ze-AC-130. UMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US ucabanga ukuhlomisa abathwali bezindiza ngezikhali ze-laser. Izothatha indawo okungenani yezinhlelo ezicitshwayo. Ukufakwa nokusetshenziswa kwazo kuzokwaziwa ezithwalweni zezindiza zesizukulwane esilandelayo njenge-USS Gerald Ford, njengoba le mikhumbi ikwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi wamandla anele kanye ne-voltage esondele ku-14. volts. Ama-Lasers azosetshenziselwa kokubili ukuzivikela kanye nemishini ehlaselayo.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuyimpumelelo ngezikhali ze-laser emikhunjini nasezimotweni zokulwa, abantu baseMelika bafuna ukuya phambili futhi baqale ukuzihlola endizeni. Isibhamu se-laser esiyisibonelo sizokwakhiwa maduze nje. izofakwa ku I-gunboat endizayo i-AC-130 (izinto zokuhamba ezibuyiselwe I-S-130 Hercules), ephethwe yi-US Special Forces Aviation.

Izindiza zalolu hlobo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusekela amasosha phansi ngokuqhunyiswa kwenganono kanye nama-Howitzers. Amasosha, nokho, awasifuni lesi sikhali sekusasa ngenxa yamandla aso okubhubhisa, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi asibangi umsindo, okungaba inzuzo enkulu ekusebenzeni kohlobo lwamabutho akhethekile.

Inhloso ye-US Air Force ukuba nezibhamu ze-laser ezihlome ngezibhamu ze-laser ngemuva kuka-2030, okufanele ziqinisekise ukuphakama kwazo emoyeni. Ama-laser kanye nesistimu yokuqondisa i-beam izohlolwa ekundizeni kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkundla okuqondiswe kuyo ekuphakameni kufika kumamitha angu-20. m kanye nesivinini sisuka ku-0,6 siye eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2,5.

Uma sikhuluma ngezikhali ze-laser, asisho ngokusobala noma yiluphi uhlobo olulodwa lwedivayisi. Uhlelo oluphelele lwezikhali ze-US Air Force luqukethe izigaba ezintathu zamalaser:

1. amandla aphansi - "Ukugqamisa" nokulandelela okuhlosiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokugada eziphuphuthekisa;
2. amandla amaphakathi - ikakhulukazi ukuzivikela ekuhlaseleni imicibisholo eqondiswa nge-infrared;
3. i-voltage ephezulu - ukulwa nezinhloso zomoya nomhlaba.

Ekupheleni kuka-2016, kwavela imininingwane yokuthi inkampani yezokuvikela iNorthrop Grumman izosiza i-US Air Force ukuthuthukisa izikhali ze-laser ezizohlomisa zakamuva. F-35B fighters, hlasela izindiza ezinophephela emhlane I-AN-1 Cobra noma ibhomu le-B-21 Raider esivele lishiwo. Inkampani ihlela ukwakha izibhamu ezincane ze-laser ezifanele ukufakwa ngisho nasezindizeni zokulwa. Lawa madivaysi azoba athuthuke kakhulu - akwazi ukuqeda okuhlosiwe okukude kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuwalandelela endizeni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amelana nokuphazamiseka. Ukukhathazeka kwezikhali ufuna ukuqala izivivinyo zokuqala zalezi zikhali ngo-2019.

NgoJuni 2017, Ibutho Lase-US lamemezela ukuthi imizamo yokudubula indiza enophephela emhlane yohlobo lwe-Apache enamalaser ebangeni elicishe ibe ngu-1,4 km yaba yimpumelelo. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa yinkampani yaseMelika iRaytheon. Ngokombono wakhe, ngokokuqala ngqá, isistimu ye-laser evela endizeni ishaye into ehlosiwe evela ezikhundleni ezahlukene. Kungokokuqala futhi kusetshenziswa i-laser endizeni enophephela emhlane, nakuba ukuhlolwa kwalesi sikhali e-United States sekunesikhathi eside kwenzeka. Ngenyanga edlule, Amasosha aseMelika nawo athi adubule i-drone ngayo.

Ubani omunye onelaser?

Yiqiniso, akuyona i-United States kuphela esebenza ngamalaser ezempi. NgoNovemba 2013, isikhungo sezindaba iXinhua sabika ukuthi amasosha aseShayina ahlole isikhali. AmaShayina awagcini lapho kuhloswe khona amasosha phansi nasemoyeni. Kusukela ngo-2007, bebehlola i-laser ekwazi ukushaya okuqondiwe ku-orbit emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kucekelwa phansi kuze kube manje kukhawulelwe "ekuphuphutheni" amathuluzi angaphakathi ebhodini lamasathelayithi okuhlola, aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi amasathelayithi ezinhloli. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwazi ukuthuthukisa ama-lasers anamandla, cishe uzokwazi ukucekela phansi izinto ezahlukahlukene ngawo.

Ngezimali ezifanele i-laser ye-orbital Uzokwazi ukusebenza ngo-2023. Kufanele kube uhlelo olunesisindo esingamathani angu-5, olukhomba nokulandelela izinto zasemkhathini usebenzisa ikhamera ekhethekile. AmaShayina afuna ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwawo lwangaphambilini kusukela ngo-2005, isibonelo, ngokuhlola isistimu ye-laser esekelwe phansi enamandla angu-50-100 kW. Ithuluzi elinjalo lafakwa endaweni yokuhlola esifundazweni i-Xinjiang, lapho kwazanywa khona ukushaya isathelayithi etholakala endaweni engaba ngu-600 km ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba nge-laser beam.

I-China yamangala ngokukhiqiza isikhali laser ephathwayo. Ukuvela kwakhe ngo-2016 embukisweni wamaphoyisa aseShayina kwakumangalisa ngempela. Yabe yethulwa Izibhamu PY132A, WJG-2002 Oraz I-Barbecue-905okuthi, ngokwencazelo yomkhiqizi, asebenze ngesimiso esifana ne-laser yakwa-Israyeli anti-missile isihlangu Iron Beam ("Iron Beam") noma HELLADS Laser CannonI-DARPA isebenze kulokhu iminyaka eminingana manje. Nokho, izibhamu zaseShayina ziyizikhali ezincane kunazo zonke ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, kufanele isetshenziswe amasosha ngokumelene nama-drones kanye nezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ezisetshenziswa amabutho ezitha noma, vele, amaphekula.

Uhlelo olushiwo ngenhla lwe-Israel Iron Beam lwenzelwe ukucekela phansi imicibisholo kulokho okubizwa. indawo efile yesistimu insimbi dome, okungukuthi, ukuvikela imicibisholo yakwa-Israyeli. U-Rafael ungumnikezeli wezinto ezintsha zokuvikela. I-Iron Beam izosekelwe kulaser enamandla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqondisa obuthuthukile. Ubusuku nemini, kufanele alwe nemicibisholo, amagobolondo ezikhali, ama-drones kanye nezinto eziqondiswe phansi. Ubuchwepheshe badalwa njengokuqhubeka kwezinhlelo ze-laser zamandla aphezulu aseMelika-Israeli - TEL Oraz I-MTEL.

I-Iron Beam iyisakhiwo esihlome nge-radar yayo ekwazi ukubona, ilandelele futhi iqondise umlilo, esikhungweni somyalo namalaser amabili anamandla. Ngokusho kokuqagela, lonke uhlelo luzonciphisa izinto ngaphakathi kwe-radius efinyelela ku-7 km nge-laser beam, i.e. ngaphansi kwe-Iron Dome trigger threshold imizuzwana embalwa. I-laser ngayinye ivutha izikhathi ezingu-150-200 ngaphambi kokupholisa inqubo.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umsebenzi wokulwa nama-lasers waphinde waqala eRussia. NgoZibandlela wezi-2014, lapho abaseMelika bememezela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwenganono ye-LaWS, owayeyiNhloko Yezisebenzi Jikelele ngaleso sikhathi, uGeneral Yuri Baluyevsky, wakhuluma ngezikhali ze-laser zaseRussia. Ngo-2015, umphathi weRussian Aerospace Forces, uMajor General Kirill Makarov, wavuma ukuthi iRussia isivele inezikhali zokuphuphuthekisa izibukeli nokucekela phansi izinhloso zezempi. Ehlobo eledlule, abezindaba bendawo babike ukuthi "ibutho laseRussia lihlome ngezikhali ze-laser."

Ngaphezu kwamandla amakhulu, uFr. isikhali laser amanye amazwe aseqala ukukhuluma ezinqolobaneni zawo. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, iphephandaba lansuku zonke laseNingizimu Korea i-Korea Herald libike ukuthi ngenxa yosongo olubangelwa ama-drones aseNyakatho Korea, iNingizimu Korea ihlela ukuzakhela ezayo izikhali ze-laser ngo-2020.

I-September DSEI International Exhibition eLondon, yona, inikeze ithuba lokwethula I-Dragonfire Laser Cannonokungaba yisibonelo sohlelo lwezikhali lwaseYurophu. Inhlangano esebenzayo eholwa yi-MBDA yaba nengxenye emsebenzini wokwakha. Uhlelo olwaziwa ngokuthi LDEW () zaphinde zasetshenziswa izinkampani ezintathu - uLeonardo (owanikeza i-turret yokukhomba i-laser beam), i-QinetiQ (ebhekene ne-laser ngokwayo) kanye ne-BAE Systems, kanye ne-Arke, Marshall kanye ne-GKN. Umsebenzi wokuklama kulindeleke ukuthi uqedwe ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kufanele kuqale ekuqaleni kuka-2018, futhi ukuhlolwa kwenkundla kuhlelelwe u-2019. Uhlelo lokuqala lwe-Dragonfire kulindeleke ukuthi lufakwe emkhunjini waseBrithani ngo-2020 - okungenzeka ukuthi luqhubeke Thayipha 45 umbhubhisi.

I-cannon on rails, i.e.

Amasistimu anamandla amakhulu, ikakhulukazi izibhamu ze-laser kanye ne-electromagnetic, okwamanje ziyahlolwa ezindaweni zokuhlolwa kwamandla ezempi amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Isikhathi sokungena ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwalesi sigaba sezikhali singase sisondele kakhulu, kodwa empeleni ... sesenzekile kakade. Kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza isikhali sikagesi kunezinzuzo ezinkulu ezingokoqobo ku-artillery. Amagobolondo ezikhali ezinamandla angasetshenziswa, isibonelo, ekuvikelweni kwemicibisholo. Lesi yisixazululo esishibhe kakhulu kunamarokhethi. Uma, hhayi kuphela izinhlelo zendabuko zokulwa nezindiza, kodwa izinhlobo eziningi zezikhali ezicitshwayo ezaziwa kithi zizoba yize.

Izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezibhamu ze-electromagnetic zihlanganisa ithuba lokuthola isivinini esikhulu ngokudutshulwa kwe-projectile. Ngakho, ukukhula okuphezulu kufinyelelwa amandla kinetic, okuholela ekugxumeni emandleni abhubhisayo. Ayikho ingozi yokuqhuma kwezinhlamvu ezithuthwayo, futhi lokhu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuncane kakhulu ngobukhulu nesisindo, okusho ukuthi ngesikhala esitholakalayo sempahla, ungathatha ngaphezulu. Isivinini esiphezulu se-projectile sinciphisa ubungozi bokushaya ithagethi yesitha, futhi ukuqondisa kuba lula. Ukusheshisa kwenzeka kubo bonke ubude bomphongolo, hhayi nje engxenyeni yokuqala, lapho ukuqhuma kwesibhamu kwenzeka khona. Ngokulungisa, isibonelo, amandla wamanje, ungakwazi futhi ukulungisa isivinini sokuqala se-projectile.

Yiqiniso, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukusho ukushiyeka kwezikhali zikazibuthe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke - isidingo esikhulu samandla. Kuphinde kube nodaba lokuqinisekisa izinga elidingekayo lomlilo noma lokupholisa uhlelo lonke, kanye nokunciphisa isenzakalo sokushayisana komoya okwenzeka ngesivinini esingaka lapho undiza emkhathini womhlaba. Abaqambi futhi kufanele babhekane nokugqoka okuphezulu nokushesha kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, imithwalo kanye nemisinga yokunikezela.

Onjiniyela bezempi basebenza ngekhambi lohlobo (10), lapho isibhamu sitholakala phakathi kwamareyili amabili aphinde abe ngabaqondisi baso. Ukuvala umjikelezo wamanje - ujantshi, ihange, isitimela sesibili - kudala insimu kazibuthe enikeza isivinini kuhange kanye neprojectile exhunywe kuyo. Umbono wesibili wesikhali esinjalo uhlelo olumile lwamakhoyili angama-coaxial. Inkambu ye-electromagnetic eyakhiwe kuzo isebenza kukhoyili nge-projectile.

10. Isibhamu sikagesi

Izikhali ezihlakaniphile zomsele

Futhi yini elindele isosha elivamile lesikhathi esizayo?

Kungabhalwa umbiko ohlukile mayelana namaphrojekthi athinta yena. Lapha sibala mayelana. amarokhethi ahlakaniphile ezingadingi kuhloswe futhi siye lapho sifuna khona. Bahlolwe yinhlangano yezempi yaseMelika i-DARPA (11). Iphrojekthi ibizwa ukushefa futhi kuyimfihlo kakhulu kangangokuthi kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe. Izincazelo ezincane ze-Teledyne, esebenza kulesi sixazululo, zibonisa ukuthi imicibisholo isebenzisa amasistimu okuqondisa okubona. Ubuchwepheshe buvumela impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ezimweni zezulu, umoya kanye nokunyakaza okuqondiwe. Uhla olusebenzayo lohlobo olusha lwezinhlamvu luyi-2 km.

11. DARPA Intelligent Rocket

I-Tracking Point nayo ihileleke ekwakhiweni kwezikhali ezihlakaniphile. Yena isibhamu se-sniper esihlakaniphile yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi isosha lingadingi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Inkampani iqinisekisa ukuthi ngokoqobo wonke umuntu angakwazi ukwenza izithombe ezinembile - udinga nje ukuthola okuqondiwe. Ikhompiyutha yangaphakathi iqoqa ukwaziswa kwe-ballistic, ihlaziye isithombe senkundla yempi, irekhoda izimo zomkhathi njengezinga lokushisa elizungezile nomfutho, icabangela ngisho nokutsheka kwe-eksisi yomhlaba.

Ekugcineni, unikeza imiyalelo enemininingwane yokuthi kufanele ubambe kanjani isibhamu kanye nokuthi kufanele usidonse nini isibhamu. Umdubuli angabheka lonke ulwazi ngokubheka isitholi sokubuka. Isikhali esihlakaniphile sifakwe imakrofoni, ikhampasi, i-Wi-Fi, isitholi, i-laser rangefinder eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nokokufaka kwe-USB. Izibhamu zingaphinde zixhumane - ukushintshanisa idatha nezithombe. Lolu lwazi lungaphinda luthunyelwe ku-smartphone, ithebhulethi noma ikhompyutha ephathekayo.

I-Tracking Point iphinde yanikeza uhlelo lokusebenza olubizwa nge-Shotview oluthuthukisa amakhono esikhali ngokunethezeka okuhambisana naso. Empeleni, isithombe esivela kokubonwayo sidluliselwa ngekhwalithi ye-HD esweni lomdubuli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikuvumela ukuba uhlose ngaphandle kokugoqa isibhamu, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikuvumela ukuba uqhume ngendlela yokuthi umdubuli angagxili ikhanda lakhe endaweni eyingozi.

Kuwo wonke umdlandla wethu wobuchwepheshe namandla wephrojekthi yezikhali echazwe ngenhla, singathemba kuphela ukuthi zizokwakhiwa phakathi nesikhathi esihleliwe abaklami futhi ... ngeke neze zisetshenziswe ekulweni.