Isipiliyoni sokusebenzisa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane e-ATO
Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo samanje sezempi nezombusazwe emhlabeni kunikeza isizathu sokuphetha ngokuthi usongo lwempi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luyimpi noma ingxabano ehlomile, okuholela ekuhlaselweni okuvulekile, kokubili ngokumelene ne-Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe, kufanelekile. usuku, njengoba kufakazelwa ulaka olufihliwe lweRussian Federation empumalanga ye-Ukraine. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezingxabano ezihlomile eminyakeni yamuva kubonisa nokuthi kuzo zonke izimpi zendawo nezingxabano ezihilela amabutho ahlomile, ukuhamba ngezindiza kwamabutho angaphansi kwabamba iqhaza. Kunokuthambekela okungenakuphikiswa ekwandeni kwendima yayo emisebenzini yokulwa, okuthinta isimo sokulwa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi kulezi zingxabano.
Ngokucabangela lolu daba ngokomlando, ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, i-Army Air Forces (AAF) yabonisa ngokucacile ukuhlanganyela kwayo ezimpini zendawo, kusukela ngeMpi YaseKorea (1950-53). Eminyakeni eyalandela, wabamba iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu eMpini yaseVietnam (1959-1973), izingxabano zama-Israel nama-Arab eMpumalanga Ephakathi ngo-1967 nango-1973. nasempini yase-Afghanistan (1979-1989). Balandelwa yi-Persian Gulf War (1990-1991), lapho izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezingaphezu kuka-1600 zabamba iqhaza ekulweni ne-Iraq, impi yaseChechnya (1999-2000), impi yase-Afghanistan (kusukela ngo-2001) nase-Iraq. (kusukela ngo-2003).b.). Bonke babonisa ukwanda okuqhubekayo kokubaluleka kwe-LVL, futhi ikakhulukazi indiza enophephela emhlane, nokusetshenziswa kwayo hhayi nje ukuthutha abantu nemishini, kodwa futhi cishe nohlu oluphelele lwemishini yokulwa okufanele ixazululwe (ukusekelwa komlilo kokulwa kwamasu. amaqembu, ukungahleleki komyalo wesitha nohlelo lokulawula, ukuphinda uhlole, ukugada emgwaqeni) namakholomu ahlanganisayo, njll.).
I-LWL ku-ATO
Ngeshwa, izimpi nezingxabano kusaqhubeka, futhi eminye imililo yezingxabano ezihlomile ivutha cishe enkabeni yeYurophu - e-Ukraine. I-Air Force ye-Ground Forces ye-Armed Forces yase-Ukraine yabamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni kokulwa namaphekula (Ukr. Ukusebenza kwamaphekula, i-ATO) kusukela ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala, okungukuthi entwasahlobo ka-2014. Esigabeni sokuqala sokusebenza, imisebenzi yayo ikakhulukazi kwakuwukuqhuba uphenyo emngceleni wombuso kanye nokuthutha abantu nezimpahla. Kamuva, ngemva kokuguqulwa kwezingxabano zibe yisigaba esihlomile, imisebenzi eminingi yaqala ukuba yemvelo yokulwa: ukukhishwa kwabalimele nabagulayo, ukusekelwa emoyeni kwamabutho angaphansi komhlaba, ukuhlasela kwabasebenzi bezitha kanye nemishini, ukudluliselwa kwamabutho akhethekile. amaqembu, izindiza ezihlala phansi, njll.
Esigabeni sokuqala sezingxabano ezihlomile, ngenxa yokuphikiswa okubuthakathaka kwesitha, imisebenzi yenziwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingama-50-300 m, ngaphandle kokulwa nezindiza kanye nokulwa ne-missile. Nakuba amalungu amaningi ezisebenzi zendiza enophephela emhlane ayenolwazi lokulwa phakathi nempi yase-Afghanistan kanye nezimpi zasendaweni kanye nemisebenzi yokugcina ukuthula kwamanye amazwe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi babonakala bengasenamsebenzi omncane endaweni entsha. Ngo-March-April 2014, amakhono atholwe ngenkathi endiza ezimweni ezinzima kanye namakhono atholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yokugcina ukuthula akwanele ukufeza ngempumelelo imisebenzi eyabelwe ngokusebenza okuphansi kakhulu, futhi ezimweni ezalandela isimo saqala. ukuthuthukisa. nzima.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umyalo we-ATO waqala ukusetha ukuqubuka, futhi akunakwenzeka ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe, imisebenzi, imisebenzi engahambisani namandla ezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezitholakala kubasebenzi bendiza, futhi kwenziwa namaphutha ekuhleleni isikhathi sokuqeda. umsebenzi. lapho uhlela imisebenzi ehlanganisa ukulahleka kwabantu nemishini. Ukushaqeka kwaba ukudubula kokuqala ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane zibuya emsebenzini, noma ukucekelwa phansi - nokho, phansi - kwendiza enophephela emhlane yokuqala i-Mi-8, kodwa akekho noyedwa kubashayeli bamabhanoyi owaqagela ukuthi impi isizoqala. Ezingqondweni zabo, lokhu kwaqala ngoMeyi 2, 2014, lapho izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-Mi-24 zidutshulwa kwafa abasebenzi ababili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nendiza eyi-Mi-8, eyahlala eduze nendawo ababewa kuyo, nomsebenzi wokukhipha abasindile. abasebenzi kanye nezidumbu zabashonile, zitholwe ngaphansi komlilo yisiphepho. Umphathi weqembu lokusesha nokuhlenga walimala empini. Kodwa-ke, ukuziphatha kwabasebenzi bezindiza kwakukude nokuwa, futhi, naphezu koshintsho olubukhali esimweni, abazange bayeke ukwenza imisebenzi yabo. Kokubili umyalo nezisebenzi zaziqonda ukuthi isitha sasilungiselelwe kahle, sisebenzisa izikhali ngobuciko futhi sinezikhali zakamuva.
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-2014, kwase kungenzeka ukwenza izitatimende mayelana nokucaciswa kwengxabano empumalanga ye-Ukraine: ukungabi khona komugqa wokuxhumana ochazwe ngokuqinile, amaphekula asebenzisa izindawo ezinabantu abaningi njengesembozo, ukunyakaza kwesitha. kuyo yonke indawo yezingxabano, kuhlanganise nezindawo ezilawulwayo, ngaphandle kwezithiyo ezivela emabuthweni okuphepha, kanye nobutha obukhulu bomphakathi wendawo maqondana ne-Ukraine kanye namandla athembekile kuhulumeni e-Kyiv (ukuhlukana). Ngenxa yokusekelwa yiRussian Federation, kwaqala ukuvela izinhlangano ezihlomile ezingekho emthethweni, kuhlanganise nalezo ezazihlonyiswe ngemishini yokuvikela umoya. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezidutshulwe futhi zacekelwa phansi yi-MANPADS kanye nezikhali ezincane zesitha zaqala ukwanda.
Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ezilwa nezindiza esifundeni se-ATO kufaka phakathi izikhali zakamuva zebanga elifushane kanye nebanga elifushane ezisanda kungena enkonzweni ne-Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Kulo mongo, kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi, ukufaka esikhundleni sezinto eziphathwayo ze-9K333 Wierba ezifakwe infrared homing head (i-ultraviolet, i-infrared eseduze naphakathi), ehlukaniswa ukuzwela okukhulu kanye nohlu lokutholwa nokunqamula okuhlosiwe. futhi avikelekile ekuphazamisekeni (ukukhethwa okuzenzakalelayo kwethagethi ngokumelene nesizinda sokuphazamiseka) , noma amasistimu ezicibishelayo ezilwa nendiza ye-96K6 Pantsir-S1 ezilwa nendiza. Eyakamuva ine: i-radar yokutholwa kwethagethi enezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinothi olusebenza kancane olusebenza ngezigaba; ukudidiyela okubili (ububanzi obungamasentimitha angamamilimitha) isiteshi se-radar sokulandelela nokukhomba, esivumela ukusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kobubanzi ngalunye lwebanga lokusebenza; iziteshi ze-optical-electronic zokulandelela okuhlosiwe kanye nemicibisholo esebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene; Iphinde imelane kakhulu nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-radar kanye nezinzwa ze-optoelectronic ezisebenza kububanzi obulandelayo: i-decimeter, isentimitha, i-millimeter ne-infrared.
