Incazelo nokusebenza kohlelo lokuqapha ukukhathala komshayeli

Ukukhathala kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezingozi zomgwaqo - kuze kufike ku-25% wabashayeli ababandakanyeka engozini ohambweni olude. Uma umuntu esesendleleni isikhathi eside, ukwehla kokuqapha kwakhe kuyehla. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi amahora amane kuphela okushayela anciphisa ukusabela, futhi ngemuva kwamahora ayisishiyagalombili, izikhathi eziyisithupha. Yize isici somuntu siyinkinga, abenzi bezimoto balwela ukugcina ukugibela nabagibeli bephephile. Uhlelo lokuqapha ukukhathala komshayeli lwakhiwa ngokukhethekile ngale njongo.

Luyini Uhlelo Lokuqapha Ukukhathala Kwabashayeli

Intuthuko yaqala ukuvela emakethe evela enkampanini yaseJapan iNissan, eyayinelungelo lobunikazi lobuchwepheshe bokuguqula izimoto ngo-1977. Kepha ubunzima bokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi baphoqelela umenzi ukuthi agxile ezixazululweni ezilula zokwenza ngcono ukuphepha kwezokuthutha. Izixazululo zokuqala zokusebenza zavela eminyakeni engama-30 kamuva, kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokwenza ngcono futhi zithuthukisa nendlela esibona ngayo ukukhathala komshayeli.

Ingqikithi yesixazululo ukuhlaziya isimo somshayeli nekhwalithi yokushayela. Ekuqaleni, uhlelo lunquma imingcele ekuqaleni kohambo, okwenza ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuphelela kokuphendula komuntu, futhi ngemuva kwalokho iqala ukulandelela isivinini esiqhubekayo sokwenza izinqumo. Uma kutholakala ukuthi umshayeli ukhathele kakhulu, kuvela isaziso nesincomo sokuphumula. Awukwazi ukuvala amasiginali womsindo nawokubukwayo, kepha avele ngokuzenzakalela ngezikhathi ezithile.

Amasistimu aqala ukuqapha isimo somshayeli ngokuya ngejubane lokushayela. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kweMercedes-Benz kuqala ukusebenza ku-80 km / h.

Kunesidingo esithile sesixazululo phakathi kwabashayeli bebodwa. Lapho umuntu ehamba nabagibeli, bangamgcina ephapheme ngokukhuluma nokulandela ukukhathala. Ukuzishayela kuyasiza ukozela nokusabela kancane emgwaqeni.

Inhloso nemisebenzi

Inhloso enkulu yohlelo lokulawula ukukhathala ukuvikela izingozi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubheka umshayeli, ukuthola ukusabela okuhamba kancane nangokuncoma ukuphumula njalo uma umuntu engayeki ukushayela. Imisebenzi eyinhloko:

1. Ukulawulwa kokuhamba kwezimoto - isisombululo siqapha ngokuzimela umgwaqo, umzila wokuhamba, isivinini esivumelekile. Uma umshayeli ephula umkhawulo wejubane noma eshiya umzila, isistimu ikhalela ukukhulisa ukunaka komuntu. Ngemuva kwalokho, izaziso mayelana nesidingo sokuphumula zizovela.
2. Ukulawulwa komshayeli - isimo esivamile somshayeli siqale sibhekwe, kulandelwe ukuphambuka. Ukusebenza ngamakhamera kuvumela ukubuka lowo muntu, futhi kunikezwa izimpawu zokuxwayisa uma kwenzeka uvale amehlo noma uwise ikhanda (izimpawu zokulala).

Inselelo enkulu ilele ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe nasekuqeqesheni inqubo yokuthola ukukhathala kwangempela ekufundweni okungamanga. Kepha le ndlela yokwenza izonciphisa ithonya lesici somuntu ezingeni lezingozi.

Okunye ongakhetha kukho kubandakanya ukuqapha isimo somshayeli, lapho umshini okhethekile ufunda imingcele yomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukucwayiza, imvamisa yokwehlisa amajwabu amehlo, izinga lokuvuleka kwamehlo, ukuma kwekhanda, ukuthambekela komzimba nezinye izinkomba.

Izici zokwakhiwa kwesistimu

Izici zokwakheka kohlelo zincike ekutheni ukunyakaza kwenziwa kanjani futhi kulawulwa kanjani. Izixazululo zokulandelela abashayeli zigxile kumuntu nakulokho okwenzekayo emotweni, kanti ezinye izinketho zigxile ekusebenzeni kwemoto nasesimweni somgwaqo. Cabanga ngezinketho eziningana zezici zokuklama.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-DAS yase-Australia, okusesigabeni sokuhlola, kuklanyelwe ukulandelela izimpawu zomgwaqo nokuthobela ijubane lezokuthutha kanye nemithetho yomgwaqo. Ukuhlaziya isimo emgwaqeni, sebenzisa:

• amakhamera ama-video amathathu - eyodwa ilungiswe emgwaqeni, amanye amabili aqapha isimo somshayeli;
• iyunithi yokulawula - icubungula ulwazi mayelana nezimpawu zomgwaqo futhi ihlaziye indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu.

Uhlelo lungahlinzeka ngemininingwane ngokuhamba kwezimoto nesivinini sokushayela ezindaweni ezithile.

Ezinye izinhlelo zifakwe inzwa yokuqondisa, amakhamera evidiyo, kanye ne-elektroniki ekwazi ukuqapha imingcele yohlelo lwamabhuleki, ukuzinza kokushayela, ukusebenza kwezinjini nokunye okuningi. Isiginali ezwakalayo izwakala uma kwenzeka ikhathele.

Isimiso nengqondo yomsebenzi

Umgomo wokusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo ubheke ekuhlonzeni umshayeli okhathele nokuvikela izingozi. Ngalokhu, abakhiqizi basebenzisa imiklamo ehlukahlukene nomqondo wokusebenza. Uma sikhuluma ngesixazululo se-Attention Assist esivela kwaMercedes-Benz, izici ezilandelayo zigqama:

• ukulawula ukuhamba kwezimoto;
• ukuhlolwa kokuziphatha komshayeli;
• ukulungiswa kwamehlo nokulandela iso.

Ngemuva kokuqala kokuhamba, uhlelo luhlaziya futhi lufunde imingcele ejwayelekile yokushayela imizuzu engama-30. Ngemuva kwalokho kubhekwa umshayeli, kufaka phakathi amandla esenzo esiteringini, ukusetshenziswa kwama-switches emotweni, umzila wohambo. Ukulawula ukukhathala okuphelele kwenziwa ngejubane kusuka ku-80 km / h.

I-Attention Assist ibheka izinto ezifana nezimo zomgwaqo nezokushayela, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sosuku nesikhathi sokugibela.

Ukulawulwa okungeziwe kusetshenziselwa ukunyakaza kwezimoto nekhwalithi yokuqondisa. Uhlelo lufunda amapharamitha afana nalokhu:

• isitayela sokushayela, esinqunywa ngesikhathi sokuhamba kokuqala;
• isikhathi sosuku, ubude besikhathi nokushesha kokuhamba;
• ukusebenza kahle kokushintshwa kwekholomu yokuqondisa, amabhuleki, amadivayisi wokulawula angeziwe, amandla okuqondisa;
• ukuhambisana nesivinini esiphezulu esivunyelwe kusayithi;
• isimo somgwaqo, umzila wokuhamba.

Uma i-algorithm ithola ukuphambuka kumapharamitha ajwayelekile, uhlelo lusebenzisa isaziso esizwakalayo ukukhulisa ukuqapha komshayeli futhi lincoma ukumisa uhambo okwesikhashana ukuze uphumule.

Kunezici eziningi ezinhlelweni ezihlaziya isimo somshayeli njengento eyinhloko noma eyengeziwe. Umqondo wokuqalisa ususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhamera wevidiyo abamba ngekhanda amapharamitha womuntu onamandla, bese uwaqapha phakathi nohambo olude. Ngosizo lwamakhamera abhekiswe kumshayeli, imininingwane elandelayo iyatholakala:

• ukuvala amehlo, futhi uhlelo luhlukanisa phakathi kokucwayiza nokuzela;
• izinga lokuphefumula nokujula;
• ukungezwani kwemisipha ebusweni;
• izinga lokuvuleka kwamehlo;
• ukuchezuka nokuphambuka okuqinile endaweni yekhanda;
• ubukhona nobuningi bokuzamula.

Uma ucabangela izimo zomgwaqo, izinguquko ekuphatheni izimoto kanye nemingcele yabashayeli, kungenzeka ukuvimbela izingozi. Isistimu yazisa umuntu ngokuzenzakalela ngesidingo sokuphumula futhi inikeze amasiginali aphuthumayo ukukhulisa ukuqapha.

Ngobani amagama ezinhlelo ezinjalo zabakhiqizi bezimoto ezahlukene

Njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi bekhathazekile ngokuphepha kwezimoto, bathuthukisa izindlela zabo zokulawula. Amagama ezixazululo ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene:

• Ukunakwa Ukusiza от iMercedes-Benz;
• Isilawuli Sokuxwayisa Umshayeli esivela kwaVolvo - siqapha umgwaqo kanye nezinqola ezisemgwaqeni ngejubane lama-60 km / h;
• Ukubona iMashines evela kwaGeneral Motors kuhlaziya isimo sokuvuleka kwamehlo bese kugxila emgwaqeni.

Uma sikhuluma ngeVolkswagen, iMercedes neSkoda, abakhiqizi basebenzisa amasistimu wokulawula afanayo. Umehluko uyabonakala ezinkampanini zaseJapan eziqapha isimo somshayeli zisebenzisa amakhamera ngaphakathi kwekhabethe.

Izinzuzo nokubi kohlelo lokulawula ukukhathala

Ukuphepha kwezimoto emigwaqeni yinkinga enkulu abasebenza kuyo abakhiqizi bezimoto. Ukulawulwa kokukhathala kunikeza abashayeli izinzuzo eziningi:

• ukuncipha kwenani lezingozi;
• ukulandela ngomkhondo umshayeli nomgwaqo;
• ukwandisa ukuqapha komshayeli usebenzisa amasiginali womsindo;
• izincomo zokuphumula uma kwenzeka ukukhathala okunzima.

Ngokushoda kwezinhlelo, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa ubunzima bokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenziwa kwezinhlelo ezizobheka kahle isimo somshayeli.