Incazelo i-antifreeze G11, G12 ne-G13
Uketshezi lobuchwepheshe olusetshenziswa ukupholisa injini yemoto lubizwa ngokuthi ama-antifreeze. Wonke anendawo yokuqandisa ephansi kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokupholisa imoto. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ziyafana ekwakhiweni, kepha kukhona ama-nuances athile kubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwawo, amazwe ahlukene asungule imininingwane yawo yokupholisa. Ama-antifreeze aziwa kakhulu eVolkswagen G11, G12 kanye ne-G13 auto concern. Sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe izici kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto eziwuketshezi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ngendlela efanele ukuze kuvikelwe imoto ngangokunokwenzeka ekuqhekekeni okungalindelekile.
Izinhlobo zesigaba se-antifreeze G
Wonke ama-antifreeze aqukethe cishe u-90% we-ethylene glycol noma i-propylene glycol. Bangeza futhi mayelana nezithako ezingu-7% nezinto ezine-anti-foam kanye ne-anti-cavitation properties. Izithasiselo zinezisekelo zamakhemikhali ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ezinye zenziwa ngosawoti we-acids ezingaphili, njenge-silicates, nitrites, i-phosphates. Ezinye, ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, ziqukethe ama-organic and carboxylic acid. Futhi, emhlabeni wanamuhla, izithasiselo ezivela enhlanganisela kasawoti we-organic kanye ne-inorganic acid ziye zavela. Ukunquma umehluko phakathi kwabo, bahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine: bendabuko, i-carboxylate, i-hybrid, i-lobrid.
Kusukela kwethulwa i-antifreeze yokuqala ye-G11 evela ku-Volkswagen ngo-1984, ubuchwepheshe buye baqhubekela phambili, ngenxa yalokhu, kwavela uhlobo lwe-G12 antifreeze futhi ngo-2012, ngenxa yokulwela imvelo, i-G13 antifreeze yakhululwa emikhiqizweni ehambisana nemvelo.
I-antifreeze yokuqala ye-G11, njenge-Tosol, ingeye-antifreeze yendabuko. Basebenzisa ama-inorganic compounds njengezithasiselo: ama-silicates, ama-phosphates, ama-borates, ama-nitrites, ama-nitrate, ama-amine, akha ungqimba oluvikelayo futhi avimbele ukugqwala. Ifilimu evikelayo eyakhayo ijwayele ukubhidlika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphenduke i-abrasive eqinile evala imigudu yoketshezi futhi iholele ekulimaleni kurediyetha noma iphampu. Impilo yeshelufu yalezi ziphuzo ayinde, ayisebenzi iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, emithathu. Isendlalelo sokuzivikela abasenzayo siphazamisa ukudluliswa kokushisa, okuholela ekwephuleni ibhalansi yokushisa, ngakho-ke, ngo-1996, uhlobo lwe-G12 lwavela nezithasiselo ezivela ku-organic and carboxylic acid.
Umgomo wokulawula ukugqwala kuma-antifreeze e-G12 usekelwe kumthelela oqondile endaweni ebolayo. Izithasiselo ezivela ku-organic kanye ne-carboxylic acid azenzi ifilimu evikelayo ebusweni bohlelo, kodwa zisebenza ngqo ekugxilweni okuye kwavela, okusho ukuthi aziluvikeli uhlelo, kodwa zineqhaza kuphela ekwelapheni inkinga eseyakhiwe kakade. . Impilo yesevisi ye-antifreeze enjalo isuka eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.
Ku-G12 + antifreeze, abakhiqizi banquma ukuqeda ukuntuleka kokuvikelwa kwenjini futhi banquma ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe be-silicate ne-carboxylate, benza ingxube ye-hybrid, lapho, ngaphezu kwe-carboxylic acid, cishe i-5% yezithako ze-inorganic. Amazwe ahlukene asebenzisa izithako ezihlukene: ama-nitrites, ama-phosphates noma ama-silicates.
Ngo-2008, kwavela ikilasi lama-antifreeze G12 ++, ngenxa yefomula ethuthukayo, ihlanganisa zonke izinzuzo ze-organic kanye ne-inorganic acid. Ukuvikelwa kokugqwala kwesistimu yokupholisa, izindonga zenjini, nayo iphakeme kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe baqhubekela phambili futhi izinto zokupholisa i-ethylene glycol zathathelwa indawo yi-propylene glycol coolant, ngesisekelo esinobungani nemvelo. I-Antifreeze G13, njenge-G12 ++, ingeyohlobo lwe-lobrid, iqukethe i-propylene glycol alcohol kanye nezithasiselo zamaminerali, ngenxa yokuthi zenza umsebenzi wokugcoba nowokulwa nokubola, azicwebezeli ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphansi futhi zibe nokuphakama okuphezulu. indawo abilayo, ungathinti kabi izingxenye ezenziwe ngenjoloba nama-polymers.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-antifreeze zidwetshwe ngemibala ehlukene, kodwa ngisho nombala ofanayo, ovela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, ukwakheka kungahluka kakhulu. Ibala elivame kakhulu lama-antifreeze endabuko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza. I-Carboxylate inombala obomvu, owolintshi noma opinki. Ama-antifreeze esizukulwane esisha, i-propylene glycol, anombala onsomi noma ophuzi.
Ukuxuba ama-antifreeze, izinhlobo ezahlukene
Ukukhetha i-antifreeze efanelekile ekubunjweni, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa injini ne-radiator yemoto yakho, ngoba izithasiselo ezifakwe ekubunjweni zisabela ngendlela ehlukile nge-aluminium, ithusi noma izingxenye zethusi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ushintshe uketshezi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani ukufaneleka kwalo. Funda ngokucophelela ukucaciswa kwemoto yakho bese ukhetha i-antifreeze ngokuhambisana nesigaba sokubekezela esikhonjiswe kulebula.
Uma ungeza i-antifreeze, udinga ukuthembela embala we-liquid, kodwa ekuphawuleni kwayo, ukuze ungahlanganisi izakhi zamakhemikhali ezihlukene eziqukethwe ezithasiselweni.
Khumbula ukuthi uma uhlanganisa uketshezi lokwakheka okuhlukile, akukho okubi okungenzeka, kodwa imvula ingenzeka, futhi i-antifreeze ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko, ngokushesha kuzodingeka ukushintshwa okuphelele, futhi mhlawumbe hhayi kuphela i-antifreeze. uqobo.
