Imisebenzi kanye nezibopho zikamakhenikha: yini amalungelo akho?

Uma unemoto, nakanjani uzohlangana nomakhenikha njalo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, abathengi bavame ukungazi kahle ngamalungelo nezibopho zomnikazi wegaraji futhi, ngenxa yalokho, abazi kahle ngamalungelo abo. Ngakho-ke iyini isibopho sikamakhenikha wakho futhi yimaphi amakhambi onawo uma kwenzeka kuba nenkinga?

💶 Yiziphi izibopho zomakhenikha wokubheja?

Elinye lamalungelo umakhenikha li khulula ukusetha amanani... Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amanani abanikazi bamagaraji angahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye igaraji ukuya kwelinye. Nokho, oomakhenikha bangaphansi kwayo isibopho sokuhlinzeka ngolwazi : ngakho-ke kufanele azise amakhasimende akhe amanani akhokhiswayo, futhi lokhu kufanele kubonakale.

Ngakho-ke, izilinganiso zehora, zonke izintela ezifakiwe (i-TTC) kanye nezilinganiso zamasevisi wesilinganiso esiphansi kufanele ziboniswe:

• Emnyango wegalaji ;
• Lapho amaklayenti amukelwa khona.

Lesi yisibopho esifakwe ku-Civil Code kusukela ngo-2016. Iklayenti kufanele futhi likwazi bona uhlu lwezinsizakalo eyenziwa umakhenikha kanye yiziphi izingxenye ezithengisiwe eduze kwegalaji. Le nketho kufanele ikhunjuzwe emnyango wegaraji kanye nakwikhawunta yokuhlola ikhasimende.

Kuhle ukwazi : Lesi sibopho sokubonisa izintengo sisebenza kunoma yimuphi uchwepheshe onakekela, olungisa, olungisa noma odonsa izimoto. Lokhu kusebenza nasezikhungweni zokuhlola zobuchwepheshe, abakhi bomzimba, izikebhe ezidonsayo, njll.

Ukwehluleka ukuthobela isibopho sokuhlinzeka ngolwazi kujeziswa ngenhlawulo efinyelela ku-3000 wama-euro kumuntu ngamunye kanye nama-euro angu-15000 ebhizinisi elisemthethweni. Uma ukwephulwa komthetho bekungadukisa umthengi, kuyabhekwa umkhuba webhizinisi okhohlisayo futhi lokhu kuyisenzo esingalungile esingajeziswa ngenhlawulo enzima nokuboshwa.

🔎 Ingabe i-oda lokulungisa liyadingeka?

Theukulungiswa kwe-oda ngandlela thize uhlobo loku-oda izinsizakalo okufanele zenziwe emotweni yekhasimende legaraji. yona idokhumenti yenkontileka esayinwa yizinhlangothi zombili (umakhenikha nekhasimende) futhi iwabophezela womabili.

I-oda yokulungisa hhayi kanjalo... Kodwa-ke, kuyelulekwa ukuthi uyicele ukuze ugweme enye ingxabano. Umakhenikha uye alikho ilungelo lokwenqaba umyalelo wokukhanda uma ubuza.

Inkontileka ixhumanisa umnikazi wegalaji neklayenti lakhe ngakho-ke ibeka umthwalo kumnikazi wegalaji okufanele enze ukulungisa okuhleliwe. Kodwa futhi ibeka izibopho ekhasimendeni, elenza ukwamukela ukulungiswa okuqediwe, lithathe ukulethwa nokusebenza futhi likukhokhele ngesikhathi.

I-oda lokulungisa lihloselwe ukuvikela ikhasimende:

• Umakhenikha uye alikho ilungelo lokwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe kulabo abashiwo ohlelweni lokulungisa, njengoba lokhu kuzobandakanya izindleko ezengeziwe;
• Imoto kufanele ibe ibuye ngesikhathi eceleni ukuze kulungiswe;
• Umakhenikha ubophekile imiphumela efunayo.

I-oda lokulungisa libhalwa ngamakhophi amabili futhi kufanele libe nenani elithile lolwazi:

• Theubuntu bekhasimende ;
• La incazelo yemoto (imodeli, uhlobo, ibanga, njll.);
• La incazelo yezinkonzo okuvunyelwene ngazo ;
• Le izindleko zokulungisa ;
• Le isikhathi sokuthumela imoto;
• La imininingwane ;
• La isiginesha yezinhlangothi zombili.

Sincoma futhi ukuthi ukhombise isimo semoto. Umyalelo wokukhanda awuhlangabezani nanoma yiziphi izibopho zefomu: kungaba idokhumenti esungulwe ngaphambili, kodwa futhi ingabhalwa ephepheni elingenalutho elinesitembu esivela egaraji.

📝 Ingabe isilinganiso somnikazi wegalaji siyisibopho?

I-oda lokulungisa akufanele lididaniswe ne quotation... Lokhu ukulinganisa, nakuba kunembile, kokulungisa okuzokwenziwa kanye nezindleko ezitholiwe. Kodwa njenge-oda lokulungisa, ukuhlola kukamakhenikha akunjalo hhayi kanjalo... Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhle ukubuza lokhu kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokufaka izindleko ezinkulu zokulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqhathanisa amagaraji uma kungenzeka.

NgokweKhodi Yabathengi, umnikazi wegalaji akakwazi ungenqabi ukusetha isisho... Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingafakwa i-invoyisi, ikakhulukazi uma izingxenye ezithile zidinga ukuhlakazwa ukuze ziyifake. Le mali izodonswa ku-invoyisi yakho uma ukhetha ukuqasha imoto yakho egaraji.

Nokho, umakhenikha kufanele akweluleke uma isilinganiso sikhishiwe. Uma kungenjalo, unelungelo lokwenqaba ukuyikhokhela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso asinalo inani lesibopho ngaphambi kokusisayina. Kodwa usekwenzile inani okungaxoxiswana ngalo ngokushesha nje lapho ususayinile.

Ikhotheshini kufanele ifake ulwazi olulandelayo:

• La incazelo yokulungisa zuza;
• Le intengo nesikhathi sokusebenza kudingekile;
• La uhlu lwezingxenye okudingekayo;
• Le Inani le-VAT ;
• . isikhathi sokuphendula ;
• La ubuqiniso izilinganiso.

Uma sezisayinwe yizo zombili izinhlangothi, isilinganiso silingana nenkontileka futhi amanani abonisiwe ngeke esakwazi ukushintsha, ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbili: ukwenyuka kwentengo yezingxenye ezisele kanye nesidingo sokulungiswa okwengeziwe.

Kodwa-ke, esimweni sesibili, umnikazi wegalaji kufanele akwazise futhi athole imvume yakho ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokulungisa. Cela ikhotheshini entsha yalokhu kulungiswa okungahleliwe.

Kuhle ukwazi : Uma ukulungiswa okungahleliwe kwenziwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakho, akudingekile ukuthi ukukhokhele.

💰 Ingabe umakhenikha kufanele akhiphe i-invoyisi?

Umakhenikha kufanele akukhokhele ngaphandle kokwehluleka uma izindleko zesevisi enkulu noma elingana ne-25 € TTC... Akudingekile ukwenza i-invoyisi engaphansi kwale ntengo, kodwa unelungelo lokuyicela.

Kuhle ukwazi : izimo lapho i-invoyisi iyisibopho noma ozikhethela ngaphansi kwayo kufanele iboniswe lapho umthengi enza inkokhelo, ngokuvumelana nesinqumo sango-1983.

I-invoyisi idwetshwe ngokuyimpinda, eyodwa ngeyakho neyomakakhenikha. Kufanele iqukathe:

• Le igama nekheli legaraji ;
• Le igama kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana yeklayenti ;
• Le imininingwane yentengo yesevisi ngayinye, ingxenye nomkhiqizo odayisiwe noma ohlinzekiwe (igama, inani leyunithi, inani;
• La imininingwane ;
• Le intengo ngaphandle kwentela futhi kuhl..

Kodwa-ke, uma isilinganiso esinemininingwane senziwe futhi samukelwa ngaphambi kokukhanda futhi sihambisana namasevisi anikeziwe, incazelo enemininingwane yamasevisi nezingxenye ezisele ayidingeki ku-invoyisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungabonisa inombolo yokubhalisa kanye nebanga lemoto.

💡 Yini okufanele ibikwe kumnikazi wegalaji?

Phakathi kwemisebenzi kamakhenikha, unezibopho ezimbili:isibopho sokuhlinzeka ngolwazi иumsebenzi wokweluleka... Isibopho sokuhlinzeka ngolwazi siqukethwe ku-Civil Code futhi, ngokuvamile, kunoma iyiphi inkampani ehilelekile ekulungiseni, ekulungiseni, ekulungiseni noma ekudonseni izimoto, ukuze kuboniswe ngokucacile izindleko zezinsizakalo kanye nentengo yehora, kuhlanganise nezintela.

Umsebenzi wokweluleka uhluke kancane. Kuphoqa umakhenikha yazisa iklayenti lakhoukuthethelela ukulungiswa nokunikeza isixazululo esingcono kakhulu. Umakhenikha kufanele azise iklayenti lakhe futhi aligcine elazisa nganoma yiliphi iqiniso elibalulekile. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungase kubangele ukwesulwa kwenkontileka.

Kuhle ukwazi : Umkhandi wezikhiye kufanele futhi akuxwayise uma ukulungisa okuthile kungenasithakazelo kakhulu ngokwenani lemoto. Isibonelo, kufanele adonsele ukunaka kwakho ukubaluleka kokushintshwa kwenjini okuphelele emotweni engaphansi kwalokhu kusebenza.

⚙️ Ingabe kuyisibopho ukunikeza izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe?

Kusukela ngo-2017, ikhodi yomthengi ibophezela abanikazi bamagaraji ukuthi banikeze, kwezinye izimo, izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ezivelaumjikelezo wezomnotho... Umsuka walezi zingxenye unomkhawulo: zivela ezimotweni ze-ELV ezingasasebenzi noma ezingxenyeni ezilungiswe abakhiqizi abakhombisayo. "standard exchange".

Uthi bewazi? Izingxenye "Zokushintshwa Okujwayelekile" zivuselelwe ngokuphelele futhi zihlangabezana newaranti efanayo, izimfuneko zokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi njengezingxenye ezintsha nezangempela.

Isibopho sokunikeza izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe sisebenza ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezingxenye:

• . izingcezu ukusebenza komzimba iyasuswa ;
• . izingxenye ze-optical ;
• . i-glazing enganamatheli ;
• . i-interior trim kanye nezingxenye ze-upholstery ;
• . izingxenye zikagesi nezemishiningaphandle isisu semoto, izilawuli, imishini yokubhuleka и izakhi zomhlaba ezihlanganisiwe futhi zingaphansi kokugqoka kwemishini.

Kusukela ngo-2018, kuphoqelekile futhi ukubonisa emnyango wegaraji ithuba lokuthi amakhasimende akhethe izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe, kanye namacala lapho kungadingeki ukuthi anikeze izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe. Ngempela, kunezimo lapho umakhenikha engase anganikezi eyodwa:

• Isikhathi eside kakhulu mayelana nesikhathi sokunganyakazi kwemoto;
• Umkhandi wezikhiye ukholelwa ukuthi izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe zingakwazi beka engcupheni ukuphepha, impilo yomphakathi noma imvelo;
• Kungenelela umakhenikha khulula, njengengxenye yokuthatha isikweletu ngaphansi kweziqinisekiso zenkontileka noma njengengxenye yomsebenzi wokubuyisela emuva.

Uthi bewazi? Unelungelo lokwenqaba ukulungiswa ngengxenye esetshenzisiwe. Ikhodi Yomthengi ibeka ukuthi umnikazi wegalaji kufanele akuvumele ukuthi ukhethe ingxenye yemoto ethathwe emnothweni oyindilinga, kodwa ungayamukela noma cha.

🚗 Ingabe kufanele ngiye kumdayisi wami ukuze ngigcine iwaranti yomkhiqizi?

La iwaranti yomkhiqizi isebenza njengomshwalense. Kungokuzithandela futhi unikezwa umenzi wemoto yakho. Kuyisiqinisekiso senkontileka esingaba njalo mahhala noma ikhokhwe futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise imoto yakho uma iphuka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile.

Uma Gqoka izingxenye (Шины, amabhuleki...) kukhishiweIwaranti yomkhiqizi ihlanganisa ukulimala komshini, ugesi noma ugesi. Kudingeka ukukuvikela kunoma yiziphi izinkinga zokwakha ezivele zikhona ngesikhathi sokuthenga. Iwaranti yomkhiqizi ayiwufaki umonakalo odalwe nguwe futhi isebenza kuphela uma ulandela ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwemoto.

Ngaphambi kuka-2002, ubudingeka ukuthi uxhumane nenethiwekhi yomkhiqizi ukuze ulungise noma unakekele imoto yakho ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iwaranti yomkhiqizi. Kodwa Isiqondiso saseYurophu siguqule isimo, sifisa ukugwema ukubusa kwabakhiqizi emakethe.

Ngakho, kusukela ngo-2002, ungakwazi ngokukhululekile khetha egalaji ozikhethele ukusevisa imoto yakho. Uma igaraji lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomkhiqizi futhi lisebenzisa umkhiqizi wangempela noma izingxenye zezimoto zekhwalithi efanayo, awubeki engozini yokulahlekelwa iwaranti yomkhiqizi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha liphi igaraji.

👨‍🔧 Yiziphi izibopho zomnikazi wegalaji ngomphumela?

Theimiphumela efunayo kuwumthwalo kamekhenikha. Ichazwa yi-Civil Code futhi incike emthethweni isikweletu senkontileka... Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunenkontileka phakathi kukamakhenikha neklayenti lakhe, ngokusho ukuthi eyokuqala ingaphansi kwesibopho somphumela.

Kusukela ngesikhathi umakhenikha eqala ukwenza umsebenzi, uzibophezele emphumeleni, okubandakanya umthwalo wakhe wemfanelo. Esimeni sokukhanda izimoto, lokhu kusho ukuthi umakhenikha kumele buyisela imoto elungisiwe kuklayenti lakho, ngokubona isivumelwano esiphethwe ngaphambilini.

Ngakho, ukwehluleka ukukhiqiza imiphumela kufana nokungasebenzi kahle umakhenikha anesibopho sakho. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo, kukhona ukucabangela icala : umakhenikha kufanele abonise ukholo lwakhe oluhle noma anxephezele ikhasimende. Kuyisibopho sikamakhenikha ukulungisa ngezindleko zakhe noma ukubuyisela ikhasimende.

Kulokhu, ukuwohloka okusha okungenzeka kube ngaphambi kokungenelela noma okuhambisana nakho, ukuze umakhenikha akwazi ukuziphendulela. Ngamanye amazwi, ikhasimende kufanele libonise ukuthi ukwehluleka kungenxa yomakhenikha. Lesi sakamuva sinesibopho sokuhlonza inkinga, kodwa ngeke neze sithweswe icala ngokuntuleka kwenkonzo yamakhasimende.

🔧 Yini okufanele uyenze uma kunengxabano nomnikazi wegaraji?

Umakhenikha unezibopho ezithile, kodwa futhi namalungelo amaningana. Uma imoto yakho ilimele noma yebiwa ngenkathi isegaraji, kuyabhekwa umthengisi wezimoto futhi kufanele, ngokuhambisana ne-Civil Code (I-Article 1915), iyinakekele futhi iyibuyisele esimweni eyamukelwe kuso. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka lolu hlobo lomonakalo, unesibopho futhi kufanele akukhokhele isinxephezelo.

Njengomgcini, umnikazi wegalaji kufanele futhi buyisela imoto kuwe ngemva kokukhanda... Uma ukulungisa kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kukulimaza (izindleko zokuthutha, irenti, njll.), unelungelo lokufuna umonakalo.

Qala ngokuthumela incwadi eqinisekisiwe yokwamukela ukuze wazise umakhenikha ukuthi imoto ibuyiselwe kuwe phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo. Kodwa ukuze ungafiki lapho, kungcono ukuhlela kusengaphambili futhi usethe usuku oluqondile lokubuya kwemoto kusukela ku-oda lokulungisa.

Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi umakhenikha wakho naye unayo isiqandisi... Ngenxa yalokho, unelungelo lokuzigcinela imoto ize ikhokhelwe. Ngisho noma ungavumelani futhi unengxabano nomakhenikha, kufanele ukhokhe isikweletu kuqala ukuze ulande imoto.

Khona-ke, uma kunengxabano noma ingxabano nomakhenikha wakho, kungcono kakhulu ukuqala ngokubuyisana phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili. Bese uzama ukumthumelela i-imeyili ngefomethi ye-RAR ukuze angabandakanyeki. Kodwa uma lokho kungasebenzi, unamakhambi amaningana:

• Shaya ucingo umlamuleli wobulungisa ;
• Faka isikhalazo ku umxhumanisi wabathengi abanekhono;
• Shaya ucingo imoto yochwepheshe ;
• Ngena inkantolo enekhono.

Kuzo zonke izimo, uzodinga ukudweba ifayela elinamadokhumenti asekelayo: i-invoyisi, i-oda lokukhanda, isilinganiso, njll. Sikweluleka ukuthi uhlale ugcina la madokhumenti ngendlela ehlelekile. Okokugcina, sicela uqaphele ukuthi kungcono ukuxazulula ingxabano ngokubuyisana noma ukulamula, ngoba ukuhlolwa kungase kungenise izindleko, kanye nenkantolo nakakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, manje wazi konke mayelana nemisebenzi kanye nezibopho zikamakhenikha, kanye namalungelo akhe ... kanye neyakho. Kwa-Vroomly, sihlose ukwakha kabusha ubudlelwano bokuthembana phakathi koomakhenikha nabathengi. Lokhu kudinga, ikakhulukazi, ukubeka izinto obala phakathi kohlangothi ngalunye nolwazi oluhle oluvela nhlangothi zombili. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola umakhenikha onokwethenjelwa, ungangabazi, dlula ipulatifomu yethu!