Imishini yemikhumbi-ngwenya yeMpi Yezwe II
Imishini yezempi

Imishini yemikhumbi-ngwenya yeMpi Yezwe II

28.07.2022 /

U 67 eNingizimu ye-Atlantic. Izibukeli zibheka umkhathizwe, ohlukaniswe imikhakha emine, esimweni sezulu esihle ekwindla ka-1941.

Amandla okuqhuba impi engaphansi kolwandle - ukulwa nemikhumbi engaphezulu kwesitha nabathuthi - kwakuncike kakhulu ekhonweni lokuthola okuqondiwe. Kwakungewona umsebenzi olula, ikakhulukazi emanzini angapheli, angapheli e-Atlantic, kubabukeli abavela esitodlwaneni esiphansi somkhumbi phambi kwamehlo abo. AmaJalimane isikhathi eside ayengazi mayelana nokuqala kwempi yobuchwepheshe ngabalingani. Lapho abaphathi bemikhumbi ye-U-boat beqiniseka ngo-1942 ukuthi babejahwa isitha esingabonakali, ososayensi baseJalimane baqala umzamo omkhulu wokwenza izinto zikagesi. Kodwa ngesikhathi iningi lama-U-boats asanda kwakhiwa ayesefa ekuqapheni kwawo kokuqala, engazi ngohlelo lokukhomba umsakazo we-Allied, i-Enigma decryption, nokuba khona kwamaqembu azingelayo, akukho okwakungavimbela ukunqotshwa kwezikebhe zaseJalimane U-U.

Amadivayisi okuqapha amehlo.

Ekuqaleni kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, indlela eyinhloko yokubhekwa nokutholwa yizisebenzi zangaphansi kolwandle kwakuwukubuka okuqhubekayo komkhathizwe, kuhlukaniswe imikhakha emine, eyenziwa kungakhathaliseki izimo zezulu, isikhathi sonyaka nosuku ngababukeli abane ku-conning. isiteji sombhoshongo. Kulaba bantu, abakhethwe ngokukhethekile ngamehlo angcono kakhulu, bephethe iwashi lamahora amane, amathuba okuphumelela ayengaxhomekile ngaphansi kokukhululwa komkhumbi-ngwenya onempilo. AmaBinoculars u-Carl Zeiss 7x50 (1943x magnification) anezici ezinhle kakhulu zokubona enze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola isithunzi ukusuka phezulu kwensika emkhathizwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezineziphepho, emvuleni noma eqhweni, inkinga enkulu kwakuwukuthambekela kwezibonakude ezingilazini ezimanzi ezinama-splashes amanzi, kanye nokulimala kwemishini. Ngalesi sizathu, ikhiyoski kufanele ihlale inezinsimbi, zomile, ezilungele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha, ezizonikezwa ababukele uma kwenzeka kushintshwa; ngaphandle kwama-binoculars okusebenza, ababukeli "babeyizimpumputhe". Kusukela entwasahlobo ka-'8, i-U-Butwaff ithole inombolo encane yama-binoculars amasha, ashintshiwe angu-60 × XNUMX, anomzimba we-aluminium (oluhlaza noma oyisihlabathi), anesembozo senjoloba kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni somswakama. Ngenxa yezinombolo zabo ezincane, lezi zibonakude zaziwa ngokuthi "izibonakude zomphathi wemikhumbi-ngwenya", futhi ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu, ngokushesha zaba inkomishi efiswa kakhulu yabaphathi bezinyunithi zokuzingela ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle.

ama-periscopes

Ngo-1920, amaJalimane asungula inkampani ye-NEDINSCO (Nederlandsche Instrumenten Compagnie) eNetherlands, empeleni okwakuyinkampani efihlekile ethumela impahla yezempi yenkampani yaseJalimane uCarl Zeiss waseJena. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-30s. I-NEDINSCO yakha ama-periscopes embonini yaseVenlo (umbhoshongo weplanethirium nawo wakhelwa lokhu). Kusukela ku-U-1935, eyakhiwa ngo-1, yonke imikhumbi-ngwenya yayifakwe ama-periscopes enkampani: amayunithi amancane asogwini ohlobo lwe-II ngokulwa okukodwa, kanye namayunithi amakhulu, amayunithi e-Atlantic ohlobo lwe-VII, IX kanye ne-XXI - enamabili:

- iyunithi yokubuka (ngaphambili) esebenza kusukela ekomkhulu le-Luftziel Seror (LSR) noma i-Nacht Luftziel Seror (NLSR);

- ukulwa (okungemuva), kulawulwa kusukela kukhiyoski ye-Angriff-Sehrohr (ASR).

Womabili ama-periscopes abenezinketho ezimbili zokukhuliswa: x1,5 (usayizi wesithombe esibonwa iso "linqunu") kanye no-x6 (ubukhulu obuphindwe kane besithombe esibonwa ngeso "enqunu"). Ekujuleni kwe-periscope, unqenqema olungaphezulu lombhoshongo we-conning lwalucishe lube ngamamitha ayi-6 ngaphansi kwamanzi.

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