I-British Cold War frigates Uhlobo lwe-81 Tribal
I-British Cold War frigates Uhlobo lwe-81 Tribal. I-frigate HMS Tartar ngo-1983, ngemva kokuphothulwa kokuvuselelwa okuhlobene neMpi yaseFakland/Malvinas. Ngemva konyaka, washiya ifulegi leRoyal Navy futhi waphakamisa ifulegi lase-Indonesia. Indiza enophephela emhlane yase-Westland Wasp HAS.1 ihloselwe imikhumbi yaleli klasi endaweni okufikela kuyo. Ngaphambi kwebhuloho lokuhamba "amaphoyisa" 20-mm "Oerlicons". Iqoqo Lezithombe lika-Leo van Ginderen
Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, iBrithani yaqala uhlelo olukhulu lokwakha imikhumbi eyayigxile ezikhumulweni zezindiza. Esinye sezinqumo eziyimpumelelo ezenziwe phakathi nalo msebenzi kwaba ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi emikhumbi ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene ngokusekelwe kuhholo elivamile kanye negumbi lenjini. Lokhu bekuhloswe ngakho kokubili ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwazo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zamayunithi.
Ngeshwa, njengoba kwenzeka ngokushesha, lo mbono wamavukelambuso awuzange usebenze, futhi lo mbono washiywa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa imikhumbi ye-Salisbury ne-Leopard. Omunye umqondo we-Admiralty, okuyinto, nakuba yayinesibindi futhi iyingozi, yayiyisinyathelo esibheke endleleni efanele, i.e. ukuklama umkhumbi onezinjongo eziningi okwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyabelwe amayunithi ahlukahlukene ngaphambilini. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwabekwa kuqala ukulwa nemikhumbi-ngwenya (i-SDO), ukulwa nezinhloso zomoya (APL) kanye nokuqaliswa kwemisebenzi yokuqapha i-radar (DRL). Ngokwethiyori, ama-frigates akhiwe ngokwalo mqondo angaba yindlela ekahle yokwenza imisebenzi yokugada phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi eyayiqhubeka ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngegama labanduleli abadumile
Isigaba sokuqala sohlelo lokwakha i-frigate, olwaqala ngo-1951, lwaholela ekutholweni kwamayunithi amathathu akhethekile kakhulu: impi elwa nomkhumbi-ngwenya (Uhlobo 12 Whitby), ukulwa okuqondiswe emoyeni (Uhlobo lwama-41 Leopard) kanye nokubhekwa kwe-radar (Uhlobo 61 Salisbury). . Ngemva kweminyaka emi-3, izidingo zamayunithi eRoyal Navy asanda kwakhiwa zahlolwa. Ngalesi sikhathi bekufanele ithole inani elikhulu lama-frigate ahlukahlukene.
Imikhumbi emisha, kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Type 81, yaklanywa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuba ibe nezinjongo eziningi, ekwazi ukwenza lezi mishini emithathu ebucayi eshiwo ngenhla kuzo zonke izifunda zomhlaba, kugcizelelwa ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Ekude. (kuhlanganise nePersian Gulf, East and West Indies). Bazothatha indawo yama-frigates e-Loch-class eMpi Yezwe II. Ekuqaleni, kwakuhlelwe uchungechunge lwemikhumbi enjalo engu-23, kodwa ngenxa yokwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko zokwakha, yonke iphrojekthi yaqedwa ngeziyisikhombisa kuphela ...
Umqondo wemikhumbi emisha wawuhlanganisa, ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-hull enkulu kunama-frigates angaphambilini, ukusizakala ngenhlanganisela yezici zezinjini zesitimu negesi, kanye nokufakwa kwezikhali zesimanje kanye nezikhali ze-SDO. Ekugcineni yavunywa yiKomidi Lenqubomgomo Yokuklama Umkhumbi (SDPC) ngomhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu 1954. Idizayini enemininingwane yamayunithi amasha yaqanjwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-General purpose frigate (CPF) noma i-sloop evame kakhulu (inhloso evamile yokuphelezela). Ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhumbi njenge-Sloopy kwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni yiRoyal Navy maphakathi no-December 1954. Lokhu kwakuzohlotshaniswa ngokuqondile namayunithi asetshenziswa kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-60 nangeMpi Yezwe II yokugada, ukubukiswa kwefulegi nokulwa nokulwa nemikhumbi-ngwenya (eyaguqukela kule misebenzi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II). Kuphela maphakathi nawo-70 ukuhlukaniswa kwawo kwaguqulwa kwaba okuhlosiwe, okungukuthi. kumafrigate anezinjongo eziningi GPF class II (General Purpose Frigate). Isizathu salolu shintsho sasiyi-prosaic futhi sihlobene nomkhawulo obekwe yi-NATO e-UK ukuthi ibe nengqikithi yamafrigate angu-1954 asebenzayo. Ngo-81, iphrojekthi iphinde yathola igama lezinombolo - uhlobo lwe-XNUMX negama layo elithi Tribal, elibhekisele kubabhubhisi beMpi Yezwe Yesibili, futhi amagama emikhumbi ngayinye aqhubekisela phambili abantu abathanda impi noma izizwe ezazihlala emakoloni aseBrithani.
Iphrojekthi yokuqala ye-Tribali, eyethulwa ngo-Okthoba 1954, kwakuwumkhumbi onobukhulu obungu-100,6 x 13,0 x 8,5 m kanye nezikhali, kuhlanganisa. 2 izibhamu ezingamawele angu-102 mm ezisekelwe ku-Mk XIX, 40-man Bofors 70 mm L/10, jug (mortar) PDO Mk 20 Limbo (enezinhlamvu zamavoli angu-8), 533,4 single 2 mm amashubhu e-torpedo kanye namashubhu angu-51 quadruple 6 mm rocket rocket iziqalisi. Ukuze ukwazi ukufeza izidingo zokubhekwa kwe-radar, kwanqunywa ukuthi kufakwe i-radar yebanga elide yaseMelika i-SPS-162C. Imishini ye-sonar yayizohlanganisa izinhlobo ze-sonar 170, 176 (ukukhiqiza idatha yocwaningo yesistimu ye-Limbo), 177 kanye ne-XNUMX. Ama-transducer awo ayehlelelwe ukufakwa emicibisholo emibili emikhulu ngaphansi kwe-fuselage.
