Ukutholwa Kogibe Lwezithuthuthu
Izizathu zokwehluleka kukagesi azicaci uma singalawuli ukuba khona, ukungabikho noma ukungenzeki kokugeleza kwamanje. Futhi njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, iningi lezinkinga livela ekuxhumaneni koxhumano.
Izinga elinzima: kulula
Izinsiza
- Ukukhanya komshayeli (cishe ama-euro angu-5).
- Izintambo zikagesi neziqeshana zengwenya ezimbili zokwenza i-shunt.
- I-multimeter yokulawula i-elekthronikhi enombukiso wedijithali, kusuka kuma-euro angama-20 kuye kwangama-25.
- Ibhulashi elincane locingo, i-sandpaper noma i-sandpaper, noma i-Scotch Brite disc.
- Bheka imanuwali yomnikazi wakho noma i-Revue Moto Technique ngomdwebo wezintambo zesithuthuthu sakho.
I-Etiquette
Ziba lapho ibhokisi le-fuse likusithuthuthu sakho noma uhlole i-fuse efuthwe lapho ingxenye yesekethe kagesi ingasasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithuthuthu eziningi zine-fuse ejwayelekile ku-relay starter. Uma eyeka ukuhamba, akukho okunye okuzosebenza ngebhayisikili. Wazi kangcono lapho ikhona.
1- Thatha isibani sokumodela
Ukukhanya okuyimodeli kuyithuluzi elilula kakhulu lokuthola ukudlula kwamandla kagesi noma ukwehluleka kwawo. Isikhombi esihle sokuhweba sine-ferrule kwelinye icala elivikelwe ikepisi lesikulufu kanye nentambo efakwe isiqeshana esincane ngakolunye uhlangothi (isithombe 1a, ngezansi). Kulula ukwenza isibani sesignali ngokwakho ngokusebenza kabusha, isibonelo, inkomba endala noma ukuthenga, njengesibonelo sethu (isithombe 1 b, okuphambene), isibani sokukhanyisa ideshibhodi yemoto. Lesi sibani sakhelwe ukuthi sixhunywe kumshini wokukhanyisa ugwayi. Udinga nje ukususa lesi pulaki futhi esikhundleni saso ufake iziqeshana zengwenya ezimbili, esisodwa sithi "+" nesinye sithi "-". Lesi sibani sinokunye ukusetshenziswa: siyakhanyisa lapho uzulazula ngokukhanya okuyingxenye kuyilapho uxhumeke ebhethrini lesithuthuthu.
2- Dlula, khanyisa ilambu lenkomba
Igama elithi "shunt" lichazwa kusichazamazwi sesiFulentshi, kodwa liyi-Anglicism esuselwe esenzweni esithi "shunt" esisho "ukudonsa". Ngakho-ke, i-shunt iphuma kugesi kagesi. Ukwenza i-shunt, intambo kagesi ifakwe iziqeshana zengwenya emikhawulweni yazo ngayinye (isithombe 2a, ngezansi). I-bypass iba uxhumano lapho isetshenziswa njengedivayisi yokulawula. Endabeni ye-shunt, ukukhanya kwenkomba kungakwazi, ikakhulukazi, kunikwe amandla ibhethri kagesi (isithombe 2b, ngokuphambene). Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanje kumjikelezo kagesi noma kumthengi onqanyuliwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ugesi ebhethri. Isikhombi esizishayela amandla sikwazisa uma ngabe i-current igeleza kudivayisi noma ocingweni, kanye nokuthi ivalwe kahle yini.
I-3- Rousez kanye ne-piquancy
Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukubheka okwamanje uma kungekho ukuxhumana okukhishwayo eduze kwenkinga. Ubuqili bulula: thola umbala wocingo ozobhekwa ohlelweni lukagesi lwesithuthuthu sakho (ukubukeza ngesandla noma ukubuyekeza kobuchwepheshe) bese unamathisela inaliti emgodleni uze weqe ukufakwa bese ufinyelela umnyombo wocingo lwethusi. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabheka ubukhona noma ukungabi bikho kwamanje ngesibani senkomba.
4- Hlola nge-multimeter
Ngosizo lomhloli we-multimeter electronic (isithombe 4a, ngezansi), isheke eliphelele kakhulu lingenziwa. Le divayisi yenza imisebenzi eminingana: ukulinganisa i-voltage kuma-volts, okwamanje kuma-ampere, ukumelana kuma-ohms, impilo ye-diode. Isibonelo, ukuhlola i-voltage ebhethri (isithombe 4b, ngokuphambene), inkinobho yokumisa i-multimeter ibekwe ku-V (volts) DC. Uphawu lwayo wumugqa ovundlile onamachashazi amathathu amancane aqondaniswe ngezansi. Uphawu lwe-AC lubukeka njengegagasi le-sine elivundlile eduze kuka-V. Xhuma ukuhlanganisa (okubomvu) kwe-multimeter ekuhlanganisweni kwebhethri, ukususa (okumnyama) kokususa ibhethri. I-multimeter efakwe ku-ohmmeter (uhlamvu lwesiGreki oluthi omega odayelini) ikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ukumelana kwesici sokulawula, umthengi kagesi, noma ukujikajika okufana nekhoyili ye-voltage ephezulu noma i-alternator. Isilinganiso saso, esicishe sibe nguziro esino-conductor omuhle, sibonisa inani lama-ohm amaningana lapho kukhona ukumelana okumazombezombe noma i-oxidation yokuxhumana.
5- Hlanza, khipha ibhulashi
Zonke izithuthuthu zisebenzisa ifreyimu kanye nenjini njengekhondakta kagesi, itheminali “negative” yebhethri ixhunywe kuyo, noma ibizwa ngokuthi “ukuya phansi”. Ngakho-ke ama-electron angadlula emhlabathini ukuze asebenze amalambu, izimpondo, ama-relay, amabhokisi, njll., futhi ngocingo lokulawula ukuze adlulisele amandla awo phakathi kokuhlanganisa nokukhipha. Izinkinga eziningi zikagesi zibangelwa i-oxidation. Eqinisweni, izinsimbi zingama-conductor amahle kagesi, kodwa ama-oxide awo ampofu kakhulu, afaka ama-volts angu-12. Ngokuguga nomswakama, i-oxidation yenza othintana nabo, futhi okwamanje kudlula kabi noma akusadluli. Inhlanganisela ene-oxidized kulula ukuyibona ngokuyihlola ngesibani sokuhlola. Khona-ke kwanele ukuhlanza, ukukhuhla, isihlabathi kokubili isisekelo sesibani (isithombe 5a, ngezansi) kanye noxhumana nabo esibambi lapho isibani sikhona (isithombe 5b, ngezansi). Isibonelo esigqama kakhulu nesihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukufakwa kwe-oxidation koxhumana nabo kumatheminali ebhethri. Ngenxa yokuthi i-starter motor ingumthengi omkhulu kakhulu wamandla ekuqaleni kanye ne-oxidation ebangela ukumelana nokugeleza okuhle kwamanje, injini yesiqalisi ayiwutholi umthamo wayo futhi ihlala ithule. Kwanele ukuhlanza amatheminali ebhethri (isithombe 5c, ngokuphambene nalokho).
