Ithangi elincane le-amphibious T-38 Ngo-1935, ithangi T-37A yesimanje, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa izici zayo egijima. Ngenkathi kugcinwa ukwakheka okufanayo, ithangi elisha, eliqokwe i-T-38, liye lancipha futhi laba banzi, okwandisa ukuqina kwalo, futhi uhlelo lokumiswa oluthuthukisiwe lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa isivinini nokugibela ukushelela. Esikhundleni sokuhlukaniswa kwezimoto ethangini le-T-38, ama-clutch aseceleni asetshenziswe njengendlela yokujika. I-Welding yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ithangi. Imoto yangena enkonzweni ne-Red Army ngo-February 1936 futhi yayikhiqizwa kuze kube ngu-1939. Sekukonke, imboni ikhiqize amathangi ayi-1382 T-38. Babesenkonzweni ngamaviyo ethangi kanye nezama-reconnaissance of the rifle divisions, izinkampani zokucupha zamaqembu ama-tank brigades. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi akukho nelilodwa lamabutho omhlaba elalinamathangi anjalo. Ukusebenza kwama-amphibious tanks emabuthweni kwembula inani elikhulu lamaphutha nokushiyeka kuwo. Kwavela ukuthi i-T-37A inokudluliselwa okungathembekile kanye ne-chassis, amathrekhi avame ukuwa, uhla lokuhamba ngomkhumbi luphansi, futhi i-buoyancy margin ayanele. Ngakho-ke, i-design Bureau yesitshalo # 37 yanikezwa umsebenzi wokuklama ithangi elisha le-amphibious elisekelwe ku-T-37A. Umsebenzi waqala ekupheleni kuka-1934 ngaphansi kobuholi bomklami omusha wesitshalo, N. Astrov. Lapho udala imoto yokulwa, eyathola inkomba yefekthri 09A, kwakufanele iqede ukushiyeka okukhonjiwe kwe-T-37A, ikakhulukazi ukukhulisa ukuthembeka kwamayunithi ethangi elisha le-amphibious. Ngo-June 1935, i-prototype yethangi, eyathola inkomba yebutho le-T-38, yahamba ukuze ihlolwe. Lapho uklama ithangi elisha, abaklami bazama, noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ukusebenzisa izakhi ze-T-37A, ngalesi sikhathi sebekwazi kahle ukukhiqiza. Isakhiwo se-amphibious T-38 sasifana nethangi le-T-37A, kodwa umshayeli wayebekwe ngakwesokudla kanye ne-turret kwesokunxele. Emandleni omshayeli bekukhona imifantu yokuhlola kwi-windshield nangakwesokudla sesikebhe. I-T-38, uma iqhathaniswa ne-T-37A, yayinomkhumbi obanzi ngaphandle kokuntanta okwengeziwe kwe-fender. Izikhali ze-T-38 zahlala zifana - isibhamu somshini we-7,62 mm DT esibekwe endaweni yokubeka ibhola eshidini elingaphambili le-turret. Umklamo wokugcina, ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezincane, waboleka ngokuphelele ethangini le-T-37A. I-T-38 ifakwe injini efanayo neyandulela i-GAZ-AA enamandla angu-40 hp. Injini eyisivikelo esine-clutch enkulu kanye no-gearbox kwafakwa e-axis yethangi phakathi kwezihlalo zomphathi nomshayeli. I-transmission yayihlanganisa i-single-disk main clutch of friction dry (i-car clutch esuka ku-GAZ-AA), i-gearbox ye-"gas" enesivinini esine-speed, i-cardan shaft, i-final drive, i-clutch yokugcina kanye nokushayela kokugcina. I-undercarriage yayifana ngezindlela eziningi nethangi le-T-37A amphibious, lapho umklamo webhodi lokumiswa kanye namathrekhi waboleka. Idizayini yesondo lokushayela yashintshwa kancane, futhi isondo lomhlahlandlela lafana ngosayizi namarola wethrekhi (ngaphandle kwama-bearings). Kusetshenziswe uphephela onama-blade amathathu nesiteringi esiyisicaba ukuze imoto ihambe. I-propeller ibixhunywe ku-gearbox wokukhumula amandla kusetshenziswa i-propeller shaft, efakwe ku-gearbox. Imishini kagesi ye-T-38 yenziwa ngokwesekethe yocingo olulodwa nge-voltage engu-6V. Ibhethri le-Z-STP-85 kanye nejeneretha ye-GBF-4105 zisetshenziswe njengemithombo kagesi. Imoto entsha yayinenombolo enkulu yokushiyeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokombiko ovela efektri No. 37 kuya ABTU of the Red Army, kusukela ngoJulayi 3 kuya kuJulayi 17, 1935, T-38 ihlolwe izikhathi ezine kuphela, isikhathi esisele ithangi lalilungiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwethangi elisha kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sebusika ka-1935, kwathi ngoFebhuwari 29, 1936, ngomthetho woMkhandlu Wezabasebenzi Nokuvikela we-USSR, ithangi le-T-38 lamukelwa yi-Red Army esikhundleni se-Red Army. T-37A. Entwasahlobo yalowo nyaka kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba yezilwane ezihlala emanzini, okwathi kuze kube ihlobo kuhambisane nokukhululwa kwe-T-37A. I-serial T-38 yayihluke kancane ku-prototype - isondo lomgwaqo elengeziwe lafakwa ku-undercariage, umklamo we-hull kanye ne-hatch yomshayeli washintsha kancane. Ama-armored hulls nama-turrets amathangi e-T-38 avela kuphela esitshalweni se-Ordzhonikidze Podolsky, okwathi ngo-1936 sakwazi ukusungula ukukhiqizwa kwabo ngenani elidingekayo. Ngo-1936, ama-turrets ashiselwe akhiqizwa isitshalo se-Izhora afakwa enanini elincane le-T-38s, i-backlog eyasala ngemuva kokuphela kokukhiqizwa kwe-T-37A. Ekwindla ka-1936, endaweni yokufakazela ye-NIBT, yahlolelwa iwaranti mileage serial. ithangi le-amphibious I-T-38 enezinqola zohlobo olusha. Ayehlukaniswa ngokungabi bikho kwepiston ngaphakathi kwesiphethu esivundlile, futhi ukuze induku yokuqondisa ingaphumi epayipini uma kwenzeka kungenzeka ukuthulula ama-roller, intambo yensimbi yayixhunywe kubakaki benqola. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngoSepthemba - Disemba 1936, leli thangi lahlanganisa amakhilomitha ayi-1300 emigwaqweni nasezindaweni ezimbi. Ama-bogies amasha, njengoba kuphawuliwe kumadokhumenti, "abonakala esebenza kahle, ebonisa izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu komklamo odlule." Iziphetho eziqukethwe embikweni wokuhlolwa kwe-T-38 zisho lokhu okulandelayo: “Ithangi le-T-38 lilungele ukuxazulula imisebenzi yamaqhinga ezimele. Nokho, ukuze kwandiswe Dynamics, kubalulekile ukufaka injini M-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusilela kufanele kuqedwe: ithrekhi iyawa lapho ushayela ezindaweni ezimbi, ukumanzisa okwanele kokumiswa, imisebenzi yezisebenzi ayigculisi, umshayeli akabonakali ngokwanele kwesokunxele.” Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1937, izinguquko eziningi zaqalwa ekwakhiweni kwethangi: ibha ehlomile yafakwa endaweni yokubuka esihlangu sangaphambili somshayeli, esivimbela ukuqhuma okuholela ekungeneni ethangini lapho kudubula isibhamu nesibhamu somshini, imodeli entsha yamabhogi (enentambo yensimbi) yasetshenziswa enqoleni yangaphansi. ... Ngaphezu kwalokho, inguqulo yomsakazo we-T-38, enesiteshi somsakazo esingu-71-TK-1 ne-antenna yesiswebhu, yaqala ukukhiqizwa. Okokufaka kwe-antenna bekuseshidini elingaphezulu elingaphambili le-hull phakathi kwesihlalo somshayeli ne-turret. Entwasahlobo ka-1937, kwamiswa ukukhiqizwa kwamathangi e-T-38 amphibious - inani elikhulu lezikhalazo zatholwa amasosha ngemoto entsha yokulwa. Ngemva kokuqondisa kwehlobo lika-1937, elinikezwe esifundeni sezempi saseMoscow, eKiev naseBelorussia, ubuholi be-Armored Directorate ye-Red Army yayala ihhovisi lokuklama lesi sitshalo ukuthi lenze ithangi le-T-38 libe lesimanjemanje. I-Modernization bekufanele ibe kanjena: ukwandisa isivinini sethangi, ikakhulukazi phansi, ukwanda kwesivinini nokuthembeka lapho ushayela untanta, ukwanda kwamandla okulwa, ngcono ukusebenza kahle, ukwandisa impilo yesevisi nokuthembeka kwamayunithi amathangi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye nogandaganda weKomsomolets, okwehlisa izindleko zethangi. Umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwamamodeli amasha we-T-38 wawuhamba kancane. Sekukonke, kwenziwa ama-prototypes amabili, athola i-T-38M1 ne-T-38M2. Womabili amathangi ayenezinjini ze-GAZ M-1 ezinamandla angu-50 hp. kanye nezinqola ezivela kugandaganda weKomsomolets. Phakathi kwazo, izimoto zazinokungezwani okuncane. Ngakho-ke, i-T-38M1 yayinesikebhe esikhuphuke ngobude ngo-100 mm, okwanikeza ukwanda kokuhamba ngo-600 kg, i-sloth yethangi yehliswa ngo-100 mm ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza kwe-longitudinal yemoto. I-T-38M2 hull yanda ngo-75 mm, ihlinzeka ngokunyuka kokuhamba kwe-450 kg, i-sloth yahlala endaweni efanayo, kwakungekho siteshi somsakazo emotweni. Kuzo zonke ezinye izici, i-T-38M1 ne-T-38M2 yayifana. Ngo-May-June 1938, womabili amathangi aphumelela izivivinyo ezinkulu endaweni yokuqeqeshwa eKubinka eduze kwaseMoscow. I-T-38M1 kanye ne-T-38M2 ibonise izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwe-serial T-38 futhi i-Armored Directorate ye-Red Army yaphakamisa indaba yokuthunyelwa kokukhiqizwa kwethangi elintantayo lesimanje, eliqokwe i-T-38M (noma i-T-38M. i-serial). Sekukonke, akhiqizwa ngo-1936 - 1939, 1175 linear, 165 T-38 futhi 7 T-38M amathangi, kuhlanganise T-38M1 futhi T-38M2. Njengengxenye yezibhamu namahhashi e-Red Army (ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho amathangi e-amphibious ku-tank Brigades ezifundeni zamasosha asentshonalanga), i-T-38 ne-T-37A yabamba iqhaza "emkhankasweni wenkululeko" eNtshonalanga. I-Ukraine neBelarus, ngo-September 1939. Ekuqaleni kwezingxabano neFinland. Ngo-November 30, 1939, ezingxenyeni Leningrad Military District, kwakukhona 435 T-38 kanye T-37s, okuyinto ngenkuthalo iqhaza ezimpini. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ngo-December 11, e-Karelian Isthmus kwafika amaqembu angu-18 ahlanganisa amayunithi angu-54 T-38. Ibutho lalixhunywe ku-136th Rifle Division, amathangi asetshenziswa njengendawo yokudubula ehambayo emaceleni nasezikhawuni phakathi kwezakhiwo zokulwa zamayunithi ahlaselayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathangi e-T-38 aphathiswe ukuvikelwa kwesikhundla somyalo wesigaba, kanye nokususwa kwabalimele enkundleni yempi kanye nokulethwa kwezinhlamvu. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, amasosha asemoyeni ahlanganisa ibutho lamathangi, okwakumelwe ahlome ngalo amayunithi angama-50 T-38. Ama-amphibious tanks aseSoviet athola umbhapathizo wawo womlilo phakathi nezingxabano eMpumalanga Ekude. Yiqiniso, ayesetshenziswa lapho ngamanani alinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, emayunithi kanye nokwakheka kwe-Red Army, eyabamba iqhaza ezimpini endaweni yoMfula i-Khalkhin-Gol, amathangi e-T-38 kuphela ekubunjweni kwesibhamu nesibhamu se-11 tbr (amayunithi ayi-8) kanye nebutho lethangi lama-82 sd (amayunithi ayi-14). Uma ubheka le mibiko kuvele ukuthi ingasizakala kakhulu ekuhlaseleni nasekuvikeleni. Phakathi nempi kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-August 1939, ezingu-17 zazo zalahleka.   T-41 T-37A, ukukhululwa I-1933 T-37A, ukukhululwa I-1934 T-38 T-40 Ukulwa isisindo, t 3,5 2,9 3,2 3,3 5,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 2 2 2 2 2 Ubude umzimba, mm 3670 3304 3730 3780 4140 Ububanzi mm 1950 1900 1940 2334 2330 Ukuphakama, mm 1980 1736 1840 1630 1905 Ukucaca mm 285 285 285 300 Impi 7,62 mm DT 7,62 mm DT 7,62 mm DT 7,62 mm DT 12,7 mm I-DShK 7,62 mm DT I-Boecomplet, amakhadibhodi 2520 2140 2140 1512 I-DShK-500 I-DG-2016 Ukubhuka, mm: ingquza ebunzini 9 8 9 10 13 uhlangothi lwe-hull 9 8 9 10 10 ophahleni 6 6 6 6 7 umbhoshongo 9 8 6 10 10 Injini "Ford - AA" IGESI- AA IGESI- AA IGESI- AA IGESI- 11 Amandla, h.p. 40 40 40 40 85 Isivinini esikhulu, km / h: emgwaqeni omkhulu 36 36 40 40 45 ukugeleza 4.5 4 6 6 6 Ukugcina amandla emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, km 180 200 230 250 300 Ukulungiswa okuyinhloko kwethangi le-T-38: I-T-38 - ithangi elilinganayo le-amphibious (1936, 1937, 1939); I-SU-45 - i-self-propelled artillery mount (isibonelo, 1936); I-T-38RT - ithangi elinesiteshi somsakazo 71-TK-1 (1937); I-OT-38 - ithangi lamakhemikhali (i-flamethrower) (ama-prototypes, 1935-1936); I-T-38M - ithangi eliqondile elinesibhamu esizenzakalelayo esingu-20 mm TNSh-20 (1937); I-T-38M2 - ithangi eliqondile elinenjini ye-GAZ-M1 (1938); I-T-38-TT - iqembu le-telemechanical lamathangi (1939-1940); ZIS-30 - izibhamu self-propelled esekelwe ugandaganda "Komsomolets" (1941). Imithombo: M.V. Kolomiets "Wonder Weapon" kaStalin. amathangi Amphibious of the Great Patriotic War T-37, T-38, T-40; Amathangi e-Amphibious T-37, T-38, T-40 [Umfanekiso wangaphambili 2003-03]; M. B. Baryatinsky. Izilwane zasemanzini ezihlala e-Red Army. (Umakhi oyimodeli); G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of Tanks World 1915 - 2000"; Svirin M. N. “Isihlangu sezikhali sikaStalin. Umlando wethangi laseSoviet 1937-1943"; Almanac "Izikhali Armored"; Ivo Pejčoch, Svatopluk Spurný - Ubuchwepheshe Bezikhali 3, USSR 1919-1945; Chamberlain, Peter & Chris Ellis (1972) Tanks of the World, 1915-1945; Zaloga, Steven J.; UJames Grandsen (1984). Amathangi aseSoviet kanye nezimoto zokulwa zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili.