Ukususwa kwenjini - kuthinta kanjani futhi kubalwa kanjani?
Okuqukethwe
Ayini amandla enjini nokuthi ungawabala kanjani?
Asho ukuthini amandla enjini? Leli nani libhekisela kumehluko wokunganaki odalwe phezulu naphansi maphakathi nepiston egunjini lomlilo. Ingabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo, lapho:
- d - inquma ububanzi besilinda,
- c - ukushaywa kwepiston,
- n inani lamasilinda.
Imboza isilinda ngasinye, nasezimotweni ezifingqiwe futhi zabikwa njengokuhamba kwenjini ngo-cm.3. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezimotweni ezinamayunithi asemgqeni, isilinda ngasinye sinenani elifanayo levolumu. Lokhu kuhlukile kuzinjini ze-V noma zenkanyezi lapho ukushaywa kwepiston kungase kuhluke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumayunithi anepiston ejikelezayo (injini ye-Wankel), amandla awushintsho oluphindwe kabili kuvolumu yegumbi lomlilo. Ngakho, ifomula engenhla inemibandela.
Yini ethinta usayizi wenjini? Ibukeka kanjani ngesikhathi sokufinyela?
Okokuqala, umthamo omkhulu wekamelo lomlilo, ingxube ye-air-fuel ingashiswa kuyo. Futhi lapho amanzi engena enjinini, iyunithi inamandla kakhulu. Eminyakeni ehlukene, izinjini ezinomthamo wokusebenza ongaphezu kwamalitha angu-2,5 zathuthukiswa, i.e. 2500 cmXNUMX.3kubhekwa njengophawu lokunethezeka nokuhlonishwa. Banikeza injini engu-150 hp. futhi nokuningi. Isimo sesishintshile kancane kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukwehlisa, lapho inani elikhulu lamayunithi akhiqiziwe afakwe ama-turbocharger.
Ubukhulu benjini namandla - kushintshe kanjani? Yini okufanele ukwazi mayelana nenani lamandla amahhashi?
Ukuze uqhathanise, kufanelekile ukubheka amamodeli ezimoto akhiqizwa kuma-70s. American izimoto zemisipha babenezigaba ezinkulu - ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla -. Iningi labo lalinamasilinda angu-8, futhi amandla enjini afinyelela ku-6,5 amalitha. Lokhu kwawathinta kanjani amandla? Kusukela kuyunithi enjalo, ekuqaleni kwakungenzeka ukuthola i-hp engaphezu kuka-300.
Nokho, okwamanje iphrojekthi emangalisayo ezithakazelisayo - injini "Aston Martin" efakwe emotweni "Valkyrie". Inenjini engu-12L V6,5. Imaphi amandla owathola kuwo? Sikhuluma nge-1013 hp! Ungabona ukuthi ukuqhubeka kwezobuchwepheshe kukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinto cishe ezingenakwenzeka.
Kulungile, kodwa lezo bekuyizigaba zezemidlalo ezijwayelekile. Kuthiwani ngamamodeli asemgwaqweni? Umshayeli ofuna ukuhambahamba edolobheni kufanele abe nebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-100 ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakhe. Leli nani linikeza ukusebenza okuhle. Ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje, lokhu kudinga injini engu-999cc.3. Injini enjalo ingatholakala, isibonelo, esizukulwaneni sesihlanu "Renault Clio". Amandla afanayo manje angakhanywa aphume ezinjinini zasemkhathini, umthamo wazo ongaba amalitha angu-1,4-1,6.
Usayizi wenjini olungile - ungcono kakhulu?
Ngokuya ngamandla kanye ne-torque, lapho kukhulu ukufuduka, kuba ngcono. Nokho, ekusebenzeni lokhu kusho izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu. Akukhona nje ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Izinjini ze-V6 noma ze-V8 zivame ukuba nomklamo wesikhathi we-valve oyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukufaka esikhundleni sokushayela kwayo ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuqaqa injini. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwandisa kakhulu izindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma injini inkulu, iba yivelakancane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukufinyelela ezingxenyeni kungase kukhawulelwe. Kodwa-ke, ungenzi ihaba, ngoba izinjini ezincane, eziphathwa ngaphandle kwesihe, zingase zibe namandla futhi zibize ukuzinakekela.
Ngakho uma uzibuza ukuthi iyiphi imoto ongayikhetha, phendula umbuzo owudingayo. Injini enkulu, ijabulisa kakhulu, kodwa futhi ibiza kakhulu. Injini encane ngokuvamile isho ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuncane, kodwa futhi enkulu engaziwa ehlotshaniswa namandla eyunithi elayishiwe. Ukuzikhethela kungokwakho.
