Ngidinga ukufudumeza imoto yami ehlobo?

Esinye sezihloko ezijabulisa kakhulu kubashayeli yimpikiswano mayelana nokuthi udinga ukufudumeza injini "yomngane wakho wensimbi". Abaningi bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi le nqubo iyadingeka ebusika. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi esifudumele sonyaka, abashayeli abakwazi ukuthola ukuvumelana ngokuthi ukufudumala kuyazuzisa noma cha.

Izimoto zesimanje zihamba ngezinhlobo ezine zikaphethiloli: uphethiloli, udizili, igesi nogesi, kanye nezinhlanganisela zakho. Kulesi sigaba ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezimoto, izimoto eziningi zinenjini evuthayo kaphethiloli noma diesel.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuhlinzekwa kwengxube ye-air-fuel, izinhlobo ezimbili zezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zikaphethiloli zihlukaniswa:

• i-carburetor (emunca ekamelweni elivuthayo elinomehluko wengcindezi noma lapho i-compressor isebenza);
• umjovo (uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lujova ingxube kusetshenziswa imibhobho ekhethekile).

Izinjini ze-Carburetor ziyinguqulo endala yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, izimoto eziningi (uma kungezona zonke) ezinamandla kaphethiloli manje sezinomjovo.

Ngokuqondene nama-ICE adizili, anomklamo ohlangene futhi ahluka kuphela phambi kwe-turbocharger. Amamodeli e-TDI afakwe lo msebenzi, kuyilapho i-HDI ne-SDI kungamadivayisi ohlobo lomkhathi. Kunoma yikuphi, izinjini ze-diesel azikho uhlelo olukhethekile lokuthungela uphethiloli. Ama-Microexplosions, okuqinisekisa ukuqala kokuvutha, kwenzeka ngenxa yokucindezelwa kophethiloli okhethekile we-diesel.

Izinjini zikagesi zisebenzisa ugesi ukushayela izimoto. Azikho izingxenye ezihambayo (ama-piston, ama-carburetors), ngakho-ke uhlelo aludingi ukufudumala.

Izinjini ze-Carburetor zisebenza ngemijikelezo emi-4 noma emi-2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ICE ane-stroke amabili afakwa ikakhulukazi kuma-chainsaws, ama-scythe, izithuthuthu, njll. - amadivayisi angenawo umthwalo osindayo njengezimoto.

Amasu omjikelezo owodwa wokusebenza wemoto evamile yomgibeli

1. Inlet. Ingxenye entsha yengxube ingena kusilinda nge-valve yokungena (uphethiloli uxubene ngesilinganiso esidingekayo nomoya ku-carburetor diffuser).
2. Ukucindezela. Ama-valve okungenisa kanye nokukhipha avaliwe, i-piston yegumbi lomlilo icindezela ingxube.
3. Isandiso. Ingxube ecindezelweyo ibaswa yinhlansi ye-spark plug. Amagesi atholakala kule nqubo ahambisa ipiston phezulu, futhi iphendulela i-crankshaft. Lokho-ke kwenza amasondo ajikeleze.
4. Khulula. Isilinda sisuswa emikhiqizweni evuthayo ngevalvu yokukhipha umoya evulekile.

Njengoba kungabonakala emdwebeni owenziwe lula wokusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ukusebenza kwayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-carburetor negumbi lomlilo. Lawa mabhuloki amabili, nawo, aqukethe izingxenye eziningi ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ezihlale zivumelana nokungqubuzana.

Empeleni, ingxube kaphethiloli iwagcoba kahle. Futhi, amafutha akhethekile athululelwa ohlelweni, okuvikela izingxenye kusuka ekuhutsheni. Kodwa esigabeni sokuvula injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, zonke izithako zisesimweni esibandayo futhi azikwazi ukugcwalisa zonke izindawo ezidingekayo ngesivinini sombani.

Ukufudumeza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yenza le misebenzi elandelayo:

• izinga lokushisa lamafutha liyakhuphuka futhi, ngenxa yalokho, uketshezi lwawo;
• imigudu yomoya ye-carburetor iyafudumala;
• Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ifinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza (90 °C).

Amafutha ancibilikisiwe afinyelela kalula kuwo wonke amagumbi enjini futhi adlulise, agcobe izingxenye futhi anciphise ukungqubuzana. I-ICE efudumele isebenza kalula futhi ngokulinganayo.

Esikhathini esibandayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwe-0 ° C, ukufudumala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ye-carburetor kubalulekile. Lapho isithwathwa sinamandla, amafutha ashubile futhi okubi nakakhulu asakazeka ohlelweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho iqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, iqala umsebenzi wayo cishe womile.

Ngokuqondene nenkathi efudumele, amafutha ohlelweni afudumele kakhulu kunobusika. Ngabe ngidinga ukufudumeza injini? Impendulo inguyebo kuno-cha. Izinga lokushisa le-ambient alikakwazi ukushisa amafutha esimweni esinjalo kangangokuthi asakazeka ngokukhululekile kulo lonke uhlelo.

Umehluko phakathi kokushisa kwasebusika nasehlobo kusesikhathini senqubo kuphela. Abashayeli abanolwazi bayeluleka ukuba uvule injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngokungenzi lutho imizuzu engu-10-15 ngaphambi kohambo ebusika (kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa elizungezile). Ehlobo, imizuzu engu-1-1,5 izokwanela.

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yomjovo ithuthuka kakhulu kune-carburetor, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyo kuncane kakhulu. Futhi, lawa madivayisi anamandla kakhulu (ngokwesilinganiso ngo-7-10%).

Abakhiqizi bezimoto emiyalweni yezimoto ezine-injector bakhombisa ukuthi lezi zimoto azikudingi ukufudumeza ehlobo nasebusika. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokushisa elizungezile akuthinti ukusebenza kwalo.

Noma kunjalo, abashayeli abanolwazi basaluleka ngokuyifudumeza imizuzwana engu-30 ehlobo, futhi cishe umzuzu owodwa noma emibili ebusika.

Uphethiloli we-diesel une-viscosity ephezulu, futhi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukuqala injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kuba nzima, ingasaphathwa eyokuhuzuka kwezingxenye zesistimu. Ukufudumala imoto enjalo kunemiphumela elandelayo:

• kuthuthukisa ukuthungela;
• kunciphisa upharafini wamafutha;
• ifudumeza ingxube yamafutha;
• ithuthukisa i-atomization ye-nozzle.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ebusika. Kodwa abashayeli abanolwazi bayeluleka ngisho nasehlobo ukuthi bavule / bavale amapulaki akhanyayo isethi yezikhathi, ezizoshisa igumbi lomlilo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kodwa futhi kuvikela izingxenye zayo ekuhutsheni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumamodeli e-ICE anegama elithi TDI (turbocharged).

Emzamweni wokonga kuphethiloli, abashayeli abaningi bafaka i-LPG ezimotweni zabo. Ngaphezu kwawo wonke amanye ama-nuances ahlobene nomsebenzi wabo, kukhona ukungaqiniseki mayelana nokuthi kuyadingeka yini ukufudumala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngaphambi kokushayela.

Njengokwejwayelekile, ukuqala kokungenzi lutho kwenziwa kuphethiloli kaphethiloli. Kodwa amaphuzu alandelayo avumela futhi ukufudumeza kwegesi:

• izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphezu kuka +5 ° С;
• ukusebenza okugcwele kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• ukushintshanisa uphethiloli wokwenza idling (isibonelo, sebenzisa igesi isikhathi esingu-1, bese okulandelayo 4-5 sebenzisa uphethiloli).

Into eyodwa ayinakuphikiswa - ehlobo kuyadingeka ukufudumala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi egijima ngegesi.

Ukufingqa ulwazi olungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi kubalulekile ukufudumeza izinjini zikaphethiloli we-carbureted, igesi kanye nezinjini zikadizili ezine-turbocharged ehlobo. I-injector kanye nogesi ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngenkathi efudumele futhi ngaphandle kokufudumala.