Ngidinga ukufudumeza injini yomjovo futhi iphenduka kanjani?
Okuqukethwe
Abaningi abashayeli bezimoto abaqalayo bayazibuza: ingabe kuyadingeka ukufudumala injini yomjovo futhi ngani?Siqoqe lonke ulwazi oluwusizo esihlokweni esisodwa.
Okuqukethwe
- 1 Kungani ukufudumala futhi kukuphi ukushisa?
- 2 Izici zokusebenza kwenjini ebusika nasehlobo
- 3 Isilinganiso sikadizili ne-injector ekushiseni kwangaphambili
- 4 Kungani injini ingaqali noma ingaqali ngokunqikaza?
- 5 I-turnovers iyantanta noma kuzwakala ukungqongqoza - sifuna inkinga
Kungani ukufudumala futhi kukuphi ukushisa?
Umbuzo wokuthi kuyadingeka yini ukufudumala injini iyimpikiswano kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, emazweni aseYurophu, inqubo enjalo ingahlawuliswa, ngoba ibaluleke kakhulu ku-ecology. Yebo, futhi sinabantu abaningi abathi lokhu kusebenza kuzoba nomthelela omubi esimweni semoto. Kuneqiniso elithile emibonweni yabo. Ukuze injini ifudumale ekushiseni okujwayelekile ngokungenzi lutho, kufanele ulinde isikhathi eside, futhi izimo ezinjalo zinomphumela omubi ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ngokushisa okusheshayo, kunethuba eliphezulu lokuhluleka kwekhanda le-block noma ukugxuma kwamapiston. Iphutha kulokhu kuzoba ukungezwani okukhulu.
Ukufudumeza injini
Kodwa-ke, uma iyunithi yamandla ingafudunyezwanga, khona-ke ukwehla kwezingxenye ezihlobene nomehluko wezingxenye ezisele zenjini ebandayo kuzokhula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lube ayinele. Konke lokhu kubi kakhulu esimweni esijwayelekile semoto futhi kungaholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo.
Ukwehla kwenani lezingxenye
Pho ukuxazulula kanjani lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye? Impendulo i-banal, udinga nje ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi izinjini zifudumala kangakanani. Ngakho, isibonelo, izimoto ezifuywayo kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ngemva ukufudumala injini kufika okungenani 45 ° C. Yiqiniso, izinga lokushisa elilungile, kanye nesikhathi sokufudumala, kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwemoto, inkathi, isimo sezulu, njll. Ngakho-ke, isimo kufanele sisondezwe ngabanye.
Izici zokusebenza kwenjini ebusika nasehlobo
Akunakwenzeka ukuziba ukufudumala kwenjini ebusika, ikakhulukazi uma -5 nangaphezulu -20 ° C ngaphandle. Kungani? Njengomphumela wokusebenzelana kwengxube evuthayo kanye nenhlansi emakhandlelani, ukuqhuma kwenzeka. Ngokwemvelo, ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwamasilinda kwanda kakhulu, i-piston iqala ukubuyisela futhi ngokusebenzisa i-crankshaft ne-cardan iqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwamasondo. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nokushisa okuphezulu nokungqubuzana, okufaka isandla ekugugeni ngokushesha kwezingxenye. Ukuze wenze kube kuncane, kuyadingeka ukugcoba zonke izindawo zokuxubha ngamafutha. Kwenzekani emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kweziro? Kulungile, uwoyela uba mkhulu futhi umphumela ofanele ngeke ufezwe.
Efudumeza imoto emakhazeni
Yini okufanele uyenze uma izinga lokushisa ngaphandle livuma ebusika? Ngidinga ukufudumeza injini noma ngingaqala ukushayela ngokushesha? Impendulo icacile - awukwazi ukuqhubeka. Kulokhu, ungamane unciphise isikhathi sokufudumala, isibonelo, kusuka kumaminithi angu-5 kuya kwangu-2-3. Uma kubanda, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokuthutha kwakho. Ungathathi ngokushesha isivinini, vumela imoto ukuthi isebenze kumodi "ekhanyayo". Kuze kube yilapho injini ifinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza (ezimoto eziningi 90 ° C), ungadluli ku-20 km / h. Ukuvula isitofu ku-cabin nakho kuzoba nomthelela omubi kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lenjini lifinyelela ku-50-60 ° C. Yilokhu kushisa okubhekwa njengento evamile yokufudumala lapho kuqala isithwathwa.
Uma konke kucacile ebusika, khona-ke ukuthi ukushisa kanjani ehlobo, kuyadingeka yini ukufudumala izinjini ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka? Ngisho naku +30 °C, vumela imoto ingasebenzi isikhashana, okungenani imizuzwana engama-30-60.
Ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kokungenzi lutho
Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lenjini liyi-90 ° C, ngakho-ke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isizini ishisa kangakanani, injini isadinga ukushiswa ehlobo, ngisho noma kungenjalo ngo-110 ° C (njengaku -20 ° C). Ngokwemvelo, umehluko onjalo uthinta isikhathi senqubo, futhi sincishiswa sibe amashumi ambalwa amasekhondi. Ngisho nasenjinini, ukucindezela okujwayelekile kokusebenza kufanele kuqinisekiswe, futhi lokhu kuthatha isikhathi. Ngale ndlela, Noma nini lapho kwenzeka izenzakalo, kungaba ubusika obubandayo noma ihlobo elishisayo, nakekela imoto yakho noma kunjalo - khohlwa "ngesiqalo esisheshayo", ungadluli ku-20 km / h no-2000 rpm kuze kube yilapho injini ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusebenza..
Isilinganiso sikadizili ne-injector ekushiseni kwangaphambili
Kungani kudingekile ukufudumala injini ye-diesel futhi kwenziwa kanjani? Isici salezi ziyunithi ukusebenza kahle ngisho nasesimweni esibandayo. Imoto ye-diesel iqala ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi ngokuvamile iziphatha kahle, kodwa ukuntuleka kokufudumala kuzoba nomthelela omubi emininingwaneni yayo. Kuzovela ukucindezeleka okwedlulele futhi ukuguga kuzokwanda, kangangokuthi maduze nje kuzovela umbuzo wokulungisa noma ukushintshwa okuphelele kwenjini ye-diesel.
Injini kadizili
Isikhathi sokufudumala siyimizuzu emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 uma ungenzi lutho. Kodwa gwema inqubo ende, ngaphandle kwalokho i-carbon deposits kanye ne-resin deposits yakheka ebusweni bezingxenye. Izinjini ezine-Turbocharged kufanele zivunyelwe ukuthi zingenzi lutho okungenani imizuzu engu-1-2. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukwehla kwenani le-turbine.
I-carbon deposits ebusweni bezingxenye
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, imibono iyahluka mayelana nenjini yomjovo, ingabe kuyadingeka ukuyifudumeza? Ngisho nabanye abakhiqizi bezimoto zakwamanye amazwe baphikisa ngokuthi umsebenzi onjalo akufanele ufakwe. Kodwa kungcono ukufudumala lolu hlobo lwemoto okungenani iminithi elingu-1 ebusika. Uma imoto igcinwe egaraji, endaweni yokupaka noma kwenye indawo lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwe-zero, kungaba kuhle ukuphinda kabili ngalesi sikhathi. Ehlobo, imizuzwana embalwa yanele, kodwa kuphela uma uhlelo lukaphethiloli lusebenza futhi kusetshenziswa uwoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu (okunconywe umenzi wemoto).
Kungani injini ingaqali noma ingaqali ngokunqikaza?
Singacabangela umbuzo wokuthi kuyadingeka yini ukufudumala izinjini, ukhathele. Nokho, kaningi sibhekana nezinkinga ngisho nangemva kwalo msebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi injini efudumele kakade ayiqali, futhi isizathu salokhu kungase kube ukushisa ngokweqile, ngenxa yalokho inzwa yokushisa ye-antifreeze noma ipompo ye-booster system yokupholisa ihluleka.
Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yezinga lokushisa elibandayo
Kungase futhi kube nokuvuza okupholile kanye nokuncipha kokucindezelwa kwamasilinda. Khona-ke injini izomisa ngenkathi ushayela, bese iqala inkinga kakhulu. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola izinga lokupholisa futhi ugcwalise uma kunesidingo. Bese kancane kancane, ukuze ungalayishi iyunithi yamandla, fika esiteshini sesevisi, lapho ochwepheshe bezohlola futhi baqede ukungasebenzi kahle okuvelile.
Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi injini efudumele kahle ayiqali kahle ngemuva kokuma isikhashana, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "hot". Lesi simo sinencazelo enengqondo kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, izinga lokushisa le-carburetor liphansi kakhulu kune-motor, ngoba ukugeleza komoya okunamandla kudlula okokuqala futhi kuyipholise. Ngemva kokucisha ukuthungela, injini ikhipha ukushisa kwayo kakhulu ku-carburetor, okubangela ukuthi uphethiloli ubilise futhi uhwamuke. Umphumela uba ingxube ecebile, mhlawumbe ngisho nokwakheka kwezingidi zomhwamuko.
Ukubilisa nokuhwamuka kukaphethiloli
Uma uvula i-throttle, ingxube ijwayele. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala injini "eshisayo" kuhluke kakhulu, kulokhu ungakwazi ukucindezela i-pedal pedal phansi. Ngemuva kokuthi injini ingene esimweni sokusebenza, yenza amanye ama-gas pass ambalwa, ukuze wenze ingxube evuthayo ibe evamile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu ikakhulukazi kuthinta umkhiqizo wemboni yezimoto yasekhaya, ukwethulwa okunjalo kungase kunganiki umphumela. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubheka ipompo likaphethiloli futhi, uma kunesidingo, uyipholise ngenkani, isibonelo, ngokuthela amanzi kuyo. Ingabe kwasiza? Qiniseka ukuthi ushintsha iphampu kaphethiloli ufake entsha ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-turnovers iyantanta noma kuzwakala ukungqongqoza - sifuna inkinga
Uma injini iqala kahle, kodwa ijubane lintanta enjinini eshisa kakade, cishe cishe kukhona ukuvuza komoya epayipini lomoya noma uhlelo lokupholisa lugcwaliswe umoya. Ngokuvamile, le nkinga kwenzeka ezimotweni umjovo electronic. Kulokhu, zonke izinqubo eziqhubekayo zilawulwa ikhompuyutha, kuhlanganise nokubalwa kwenani elidingekayo lomoya. Kodwa ukweqisa kwayo kuholela ekushintshashintsheni ohlelweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinguquko ziyantanta - bese ziwela ku-800, bese zikhuphuka kakhulu zibe ngu-1200 rpm.
Ukuze sixazulule inkinga, siqinisa isikulufu sokulungisa ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Uma kungasizi, khona-ke sizama ukuthola indawo yokuvuza komoya futhi silungise inkinga. Kungenzeka ukuthi kuzodingeka uhlukanise i-air duct ephambi kwe-throttle. Uzothola imbobo encane epayipini (engaba ngu-1 cm ububanzi), uyixhume ngomunwe wakho. Ama-turnovers awasakwazi ukuntanta? Bese uhlanza le mbobo ngethuluzi elikhethekile. I-aerosol efanelekile yokuhlanza ama-carburetors. Fafaza kanye bese uvala injini ngokushesha. Bese uphinda inqubo futhi, ngemuva kokuvumela injini iphumule imizuzu engu-15, iqale. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukujwayela ukusebenza kwe-valve yedivayisi yokushisa, kuzodingeka ukuthi uvale lo mgodi bese uya esiteshini sesevisi.
Ukuhlanza i-throttle
Esinye isizathu salokhu kuziphatha okungazinzile kwemoto kungaba ukungasebenzi kahle kwedivayisi yokwenyuka okuphoqelekile kwejubane elingenzi lutho le-crankshaft. Ungazama ukulungisa i-elementi egoqekayo uwedwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile le ngxenye ayihlakazwa, futhi isimo singasindiswa kuphela ngokushintshwa okuphelele. Isivinini siphinde sintante uma ivalve yokufaka umoya ye-crankcase ibhajwe. Ukuyihlanza, kufanele ubeke isici kwisisombululo esikhethekile, bese usishaya ngomoya. Uma ungekho umphumela, khona-ke ukushintshwa akukwazi ukugwenywa.
Yini okufanele uyenze lapho isivinini sehla enjinini efudunyezwe ngempumelelo? Ngokunokwenzeka, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni senzwa yokugeleza komoya. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusona ukuphela kwesici ngenxa yokuthi inzuzo yehla. Inzwa yezinga lokushisa elipholile noma idivayisi enesibopho sokuma kwe-throttle cishe ayisebenzi. Noma mhlawumbe ukusebenza kwehla ngenxa yamakhandlela angcole ngokwedlulele? Hlola isimo sabo, kungenzeka ukuthi kulahleka ukudonsa okwanele enjinini efudumele ngenxa yawo. Akulimazi ukuhlola iphampu yamafutha. Ingase ingathuthukisi ingcindezi yokusebenza edingekayo. Zihlole ngokushesha bese ushintsha noma yiziphi izingxenye ezinesici.
Ukushintshwa kwezingxenye zemoto ezinesici
Isizathu sokungqongqoza enjini efudumele kungaba ukuntuleka kwe-banal yamafutha. Njengomphumela walokhu kwengamela, izingxenye ziyagudlana futhi zenze umsindo wesici. Engeza i-lubricant, ngaphandle kwalokho ukungqongqoza kuyingxenye encane yokungakhululeki, ukugqoka ngaphambi kwesikhathi akukwazi ukugwema. Ngemva kwalokhu kusebenza, qiniseka ukuthi ulalela imoto yakho. Uma ukungqongqoza kunganciphisi, khona-ke, cishe, udaba luku-crankshaft bearings futhi ukushintshwa kwabo kuyaphuthuma. Imisindo ephelayo ayiyona ingozi kangako. Nokho, kusadingeka uhlole imoto.
Manje ake sikhulume ngenkinga yokugcina yemvelo. Yini okufanele uyenze uma amagesi e-crankcase enyuse ingcindezi enjinini efudumele? Okokuqala, kufanele unake ukucindezela. Uma ihlelekile, bese uhlanza uhlelo lokungenisa umoya we-crankcase, amagesi kufanele abuyele kokujwayelekile. Futhi uma kumayelana nokuminyanisa, lungela okungenani ukufaka amasongo.
