I-spaceport entsha, i-rocket entsha

Imoto yokwethulwa kwe-Chang Zheng-201 Version 7 iphakanyiswe ku-Launch Complex LC340 e-Wenchang Satellite Launch Center e-Hainan Island.

Ngomhla zingama-25 kuJuni 2016, ngo-12:00:07,413:20 UTC (00:201 isikhathi saseChina), imoto yokwethulwa kwenguqulo 7 ye-Chang Zheng-340 yasuka ku-Launch Complex LCXNUMX e-Wenchang Satellite Launch Center e-Hainan Island.

KumaShayina, lokhu bekuwukwethulwa okuyimpumelelo - akubanga nje kuphela i-cosmodrome entsha kanye nerokhethi entsha, enobungani bemvelo, kodwa futhi yahlola ubucwepheshe, amasu kanye namadivayisi ngezidingo zohlelo lwe-Celestial space, okuhlanganisa nemodeli ye i-cockpit yomkhumbi-mkhathi wesikhathi esizayo, owalethwa ngempumelelo eMhlabeni uyimpendulo ku-American Orion noma i-RF.

Izikhumulo zasemkhathini ezikhona

Kuze kube manje, iChina inezikhumulo zasemkhathini ezintathu, okuyibeka phambili emhlabeni ngokwenani, inani elifanayo eRussia, nelilodwa e-United States. Isimo sibe sibi kakhulu uma kucatshangelwa inani eliphelele labaqalisi abasebenzayo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi inombolo yabo ihambisana ngokugcwele nezidingo zamanje. Isikhumulo semikhumbi-mkhathi sokuqala saseShayina kwakuyi-JSLC, i.e. I-Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre (yize igama lalingaziwa iminyaka eminingana njengoba laliyindawo eyimfihlo yokuhlola imicibisholo ecitshwayo eyayisebenza kusukela ngo-1958), esiseSifundazweni saseGansu ogwadule lwaseGobi, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-1600. kusuka eBeijing. Ukuqala kwakhe emkhathini kwenzeka ngo-1970, lapho i-People's Republic of China iba yizwe lesihlanu (ngemuva kwe-USSR, i-USA, i-France ne-Japan) ukuthola ubuciko obunzima bokundiza emkhathini. I-CZ-1 (Chang Zheng, chi. Long March), i-FB-1 (Feng Bao, chi. Storm) imicibisholo eyethulwe kulesi sikhungo, futhi manje amamodeli ahlukahlukene e-CZ-2, okuhlanganisa i-CZ-2F enemikhumbi yase-Shenzhou kanye ne-CZ - ezine. Kusuka kuyo, amasathelayithi athulwe emigudwini ephansi enokuthambekela ebangeni lika-4-41 °.

Ukwethulwa kokuqala kwerokhethi yasemkhathini ye-XSLC evela e-Xichang Space Centre eSichuan kwenzeka ngo-1984. I-cosmodrome igxile ekwethuleni amarokhethi ukuya emigudwini ye-geostationary, ngakho-ke ikakhulukazi ezokuxhumana ngezingcingo kanye nezesimo sezulu, kanye namasathelayithi esayensi nama-probes enyanga. . Zonke izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-CZ-3, kanye ne-CZ-2C ne-CZ-2E, zazisetshenziswa lapha.

Isikhumulo semikhumbi-mkhathi saseShayina sokugcina esasikhona kwakuyi-TSLC, noma i-Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. Itholakala esifundazweni saseShanxi, yaqala imisebenzi yayo yasemkhathini ngo-1988. I-spaceport inohlu oluncane lwama-azimuth okuqalisa, oluvumela ukuthi ingene emigudwini eyindilinga kuphela. Ngakho-ke, cishe ama-satellites okubuka umhlaba aqala ukusuka lapha, aqhutshwa ngosizo lwamarokhethi e-CZ-4, futhi ngonyaka odlule kwethulwa imoto entsha yokwethulwa kwe-CZ-6. Nokho, lesi sakamuva sibhekisela esizukulwaneni esisha sezikhali ezicitshwayo.

Imicibisholo yamanje

Kuze kube manje, iShayina isebenzise cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zamarokhethi aphehlwa uketshezi, ezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko (CZ-1 ... CZ-4), ukwethula amasathelayithi ku-orbit. Ngishiya ngamabomu imiklamo esekelwe ezigabeni eziqinile zokuphefumula (i-Kaituozhe, i-Kuaizhou noma i-CZ-11), ngoba lawa amarokhethi kuze kube manje asuke kanye noma kabili kuphela futhi isiphetho sawo asiqiniseki kakhulu, leli igatsha elifayo le-Chinese rocket science. .

Kungakhathaleki ukuthi ingakanani kanye nomthamo wokuthwala, inani lezigaba nezinjini ezisetshenzisiwe, wonke amarokhethi kaphethiloli owuketshezi, noma izigaba zawo zokuqala, asuselwa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zemicibisholo yokulwa eyi-ballistic DF-3 (Dongfeng-3, CSS-2) noma i-DF . -5 (Dongfeng-5, US-4). Zibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezingxube ze-hypergol ezizijabulisa njengophethiloli. I-usymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (evame ukwaziwa ngesifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi UDMH) njengophethiloli kanye ne-dinitrogen tetroxide (ngaphambilini eyayaziwa nge-nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4) njenge-oxidizer ayinikezi ama-Russian Protons, i-American Titans noma i-Deltas kuphela, kodwa wonke umndeni wakwa-Chang Zheng. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi zombili izingxenye ziyingozi kakhulu hhayi kubantu kuphela, kodwa nasemvelweni.

Amarokhethi e-CZ okukhulunywe ngawo amboza isidingo somthwalo okhokhelwayo we-1009200 502200 25005000 kg kuya ku-Earth orbit ephansi, ngokusebenzisa i-6,5 8 kg kuya ku-Sun-synchronous orbit, kuze kufike ku-3 2 2,3 kg ukuze udlulisele ku-orbit geostationary. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule kwaba sobala ukuthi sasingekho isithwali esisindayo samasathelayithi amakhulu e-geostationary noma imikhumbi-mkhathi. Njengamanje, akuvamile ukuthi izixuku zabo zeqe ku-20t, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zizokwanda zize zifike ku-XNUMXt, futhi ubukhulu besathelayithi obufakwe ku-geostationary orbit ngemodeli ye-CZ-XNUMXB/GXNUMXt abudluli. Isiteshi, esizoba nesisindo esingamathani angama-XNUMX.