Amaloli ezempi amasha aseYurophu ingxenye 2
Iphakethe lezimpahla ezisindayo ezinogandaganda onama-axle amane iScania R650 8x4 HET, okuyimoto yokuqala yamasosha alolu hlobo emndenini wakwaScania XT, lalethwa eButhweni Lezempi laseDenmark ngoJanuwari.
Ubhadane lwalo nyaka lwe-COVID-19 luholele ekuhoxisweni kwemibukiso eminingi yezokuvikela yalo nyaka nemibukiso yezimoto, futhi ezinye izinkampani ziphoqeleke ukuthi ziyeke ukubonisa imikhiqizo yazo yakamuva kwabangahle bamukele kanye namalungu abezindaba. Lokhu kube nomthelela ekwethulweni okusemthethweni kwezimoto ezintsha zamasosha, okuhlanganisa namaloli asindayo nasezingeni eliphakathi. Nokho, akukho ukushoda kolwazi mayelana nezakhiwo ezintsha nezinkontileka, futhi ukubuka konke okulandelayo kusekelwe kuzo.
Ukubuyekezwa kuhlanganisa iminikelo evela eSwedish Scania, German Mercedes-Benz kanye French Arquus. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inkampani yokuqala yakwazi ukuthola i-oda elibalulekile lomsebenzi wayo emakethe kuMnyango Wezokuvikela waseDenmark. I-Mercedes-Benz yethula izinhlobo ezintsha zamaloli e-Arocs emakethe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Arquus yethule izimoto ezintsha ze-Armis, ezizothatha indawo yomndeni wakwaSherpa wezimoto ekunikezeni kwayo.
Amakhithi ekilasi le-HET e-Danish - ezokuthutha ezinkulu - angathwala zonke izimoto zesimanje ezisindayo ezimweni zomgwaqo nasezindaweni ezilula.
Scania
Izindaba eziyinhloko ezisanda kukhishwa kusukela ekukhathazekeni kwaseSweden zihlobene nokuhlinzekwa kwamaloli engeziwe oMnyango Wezokuvikela Wombuso waseDenmark. Ubudlelwano boMnyango Wezokuvikela waseDenmark noScania bunomlando omude, nesahluko sakamuva esisukela ku-1998, lapho inkampani ikhipha inkontileka yeminyaka emihlanu kuMbutho Wezempi waseDenmark wokuhlinzeka ngezimoto ezithwala kanzima. Ngo-2016, iScania yathumela isicelo sayo sokugcina kuthenda eyethulwa ngo-2015 yokuthengwa kwamaloli ezempi amakhulu kunawo wonke emlandweni waseDenmark kuze kube manje, okuhlanganisa cishe izimoto ezingama-900 ezinguqulweni eziyi-13 nezinhlobonhlobo. NgoJanuwari 2017, i-Scania yamenyezelwa njengophumelele umncintiswano, futhi ngo-March inkampani yasayina isivumelwano sohlaka lweminyaka eyisikhombisa ne-FMI (Forsvarsministeriets Matrielog Indkøbsstyrelses, Ministry of Defense Procurement and Logistics Agency). Futhi ngo-2017, ngokusekelwe esivumelwaneni sohlaka, i-FMI yafaka i-oda kwaScania ngamaloli ezempi angama-200 kanye nezinhlobo eziyi-100 zezimoto zomphakathi ezijwayelekile. Ekupheleni kuka-2018, izimoto zokuqala - kuhlanganisa. ogandaganda bomgwaqo bomphakathi - badluliselwe kumamukeli. Ukunqunywa kwezidingo zobuchwepheshe, uku-oda kwezimoto ezintsha, ukwakhiwa nokulethwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa noma ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-FMI. Sekukonke, ngo-2023, amabutho ahlomile aseDenmark kanye nezinsizakalo, ezingaphansi koMnyango Wezokuvikela, kufanele bathole okungenani izimoto ezingamasondo ezingama-900 ezihamba emgwaqweni nezingekho emgwaqeni zohlobo lwaseScandinavia. Lo myalelo omkhulu uhlanganisa uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwezinketho zawo wonke amagatsha amabutho ahlomile. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingezalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Fifth Generation, abameleli bokuqala - izinguqulo zomgwaqo - ezethulwa ekupheleni kuka-August 2016 futhi zagcwaliswa ngokushesha ngamamodeli akhethekile nakhethekile omndeni wakwa-XT. Phakathi kwezimoto ezi-odwe kukhona nezinguqulo zokuqala, ezenziwe ngokuqondile ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenkontileka. Isibonelo, ama-semi-trailer asindayo angamasosha kanye nogandaganda be-ballast abavela emndenini we-XT kungumkhiqizo omusha, kuze kube manje atholakala kuphela ngoku-oda kwabantu.
NgoJanuwari 23, 2020, i-FMI kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela woMbuso waseDenmark bathola iloli le-650 le-Scania. Le modeli yokugubha usuku lokuzalwa yayingomunye wogandaganda abathathu abasindayo bomndeni we-XT, abaqokwe u-R8 4x8 HET. Kanye nama-trailer e-Broshuis, kuzokwakhiwa amakhithi okuthutha imithwalo esindayo, ikakhulukazi amathangi nezinye izimoto zokulwa. Abonakala ngokucushwa okunama-ekseli ekuhleleni okukodwa okungaphambili kanye nokuhlelwa kwangemuva kwe-tridem. I-tridem yangemuva yakhiwe i-axle ephushayo yangaphambili enamasondo ajikelwe ohlangothini olufanayo namasondo okuqondisa angaphambili, kanye ne-axle ye-tandem yangemuva. Wonke ama-ekseli athole ukumiswa komoya ogcwele. Kodwa-ke, isistimu yokushayela kufomula engu-4xXNUMX isho ukuthi lokhu okuhlukile kunikeza ukuhamba okumaphakathi kwamaqhinga. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto ingasetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthutha impahla emigwaqweni egandayiwe futhi kuphela ngohambo olufushane emigwaqweni ewubhuqu.
Idonsa ngenjini kadizili emise okwe-V (90°) engu-8-cylinder enamandla angu-16,4 litres, enobubanzi besilinda ne-piston stroke engu-130 no-154 mm ngokulandelana. Injini ine: turbocharging, charge air cooling, valves four cylinder, Scania XPI high pressure injection system futhi ihambisana nokuphuma kwegesi ephumayo kuze kufike ku-Euro 6 ngenxa yenhlanganisela yeScania EGR + SCR (exhaust gas recirculation plus selective catalytic reduction) izinhlelo . . Kogandaganda baseDenmark, injini ibizwa nge-DC16 118 650 futhi inamandla amakhulu angu-479 kW/650 hp. ku-1900 rpm kanye ne-torque engu-3300 Nm ebangeni elingu-950÷1350 rpm. Ngaphandle kuka-gearbox, i-transmission iqukethe ama-axles aqinisiwe anezigaba ezimbili anokhiye ohlukanisiwe, ohambisana ne-inter-axle lock.
I-R650 8x4 HET iphuma ne-R Highline cab, ende, inophahla oluphakeme ngakho-ke inomthamo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ezimweni ezikhululekile, bangakwazi ukugibela abasebenzi bemoto ehanjiswa nge-semi-trailer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesikhala esiningi somshayeli kanye nemishini ekhethekile. Ngokuzayo, amakhophi azothengwa aphelele ngekhabethe elihlomile, okungenzeka ukuthi lisebenzisa okuthiwa. isivikelo uhlobo zempi. Ikhithi ihlanganisa futhi: isihlalo esikhethekile esingu-3,5-intshi; inkundla yokufinyelela ngaphezu kwezimbazo ezintathu; isitebhisi esigoqayo esiphathwayo kanye negumbi lokugqoka, elivalwe nhlangothi zombili ngezembozo zepulasitiki, ezihambisana nesitayela nokubukeka kwamakamelo. Le khabhinethi iqukethe, phakathi kwezinye izinto: amathangi okufakwa kwe-pneumatic kanye ne-hydraulic, ngezansi kukhona amabhokisi akhiyekayo wamathuluzi nezinye izinto zokusebenza, ama-winches, futhi ngezansi kukhona ithangi elikhulu lamafutha. Isisindo esiphelele esivumelekile sesethi singafika ku-250 kg.
Lawa gandaganda ahlanganiswe nama-semi-trailer amasha ezempi avela enkampanini yamaDashi i-Broshuis. Lawa ma-trailer ethulwa okokuqala emphakathini embukisweni wokwakha wase-Bauma eMunich ngo-Ephreli 2019. Lawa ma-semi-trailer angama-70 alayisha kancane alungiselelwa ukuthuthwa emgwaqweni nangaphandle kwempahla yezempi esinda kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi amathangi anesisindo esingaphezu kuka-70 kg. Umthamo wabo oyisisekelo wokuthwala wanqunywa ukuthi ube ngu-000 kg. Ngale njongo, ikakhulukazi, banama-ekseli angu-80 anomthwalo olinganiselwe ofika ku-000 kg ngayinye. Lawa ama-axles amisiwe amisiwe ohlelo lwe-pendulum (PL12). Inguqulo yakamuva ye-axle ye-Broshuis swing kumamodeli we-semi-trailer avamile yethulwe ngo-September 000 e-IAA Commercial Vehicles Exhibition e-Hannover. Lawa ma-ekseli abonakala ngalokhu: ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe nokuqina, ukumiswa okuzimele, umsebenzi wokuqondisa kanye ne-stroke enkulu kakhulu yomuntu ngamunye, efinyelela ku-2 mm, enxephezela kahle cishe konke ukungalingani kwemigwaqo engagandayiwe. Ngokuphathelene nesifiso sokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwe-semi-trailer, kuhlanganise nokunciphisa i-radius yokujika, iguqulwa - isuka emigqeni eyisishiyagalombili, eyokuqala emithathu ngendlela efanayo namasondo angaphambili kagandaganda, kanye nekhawunta yokugcina ejikelezayo emine. -ukuzungeza. Umugqa ophakathi kuphela - wesine we-axle unqatshelwe umsebenzi wokuqondisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokuphehla amandla ezimele enenjini kadizili yafakwa ku-jib ukuze inike amandla ama-hydraulics angaphakathi.
I-semi-trailer isivele izuze impumelelo ebalulekile emakethe - iDenmark ifake i-oda lamayunithi angama-50, kanye ne-US Army ye-170. Kuzo zombili izimo, u-Broshuis usebenza njengosonkontileka ongaphansi, njengoba izinkontileka zangempela zazingezokuthutha futhi zanikezwa abakhiqizi bakagandaganda. Okwamasosha ase-US, umphakeli wokuqala ngu-Oshkosh.
AmaDashi agcizelela ukuthi ngokubambisana ne-Scania baye bazuza impumelelo enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemiyalo yangaphambilini. Inkontileka ye-Scania ne-Danish Armed Forces iphathelene nokuhlinzekwa kwezinhlobo ezine zama-semi-trailer ayisipesheli ane-low-loader, kuhlanganise nama-axle e-pendulum. Ngaphezu kwenguqulo ye-axis eyisishiyagalombili, kunezinketho ze-axis ezimbili nezintathu. Okungezwe kulokhu wukuphela kokwehluka ngaphandle kwesistimu ye-pendulum - inhlanganisela yama-axle ayisishiyagalombili ne-bogie yama-axle amathathu ngaphambili nama-ekseli amahlanu ngemuva.
NgoMeyi 18, 2020, kwashicilelwa imininingwane yokuthi I-Danish Emergency Management Agency (DEMA, Beredskabsstyrelsen), ngaphansi koMnyango Wezokuvikela, ithumele iloli lokuqala kwamaloli angu-20 amasha eScania XT G450B 8x8. Lokhu kulethwa, njengogandaganda osindayo ongu-R650 8x4 HET, kwenziwa ngaphansi kwenkontileka efanayo yokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto ezingama-950.
Ku-DEMA, izimoto zizodlala indima yezithuthi ezisindayo ezingekho emgwaqeni kanye nezimoto ezisekelayo. Zonke zihlobene nenguqulo ye-off-road ye-XT G450B 8x8. I-chassis yawo enama-axle amane ibonakala ngohlaka lwendabuko oluqinisiwe olunamalungu aseceleni namalungu anqamulayo, idrayivu yonke kanye nama-asi amabili angaphambili aneziqondiso kanye nama-ekseli angemuva e-tandem. Imithwalo ephezulu ye-ekseli yobuchwepheshe ingu-2 × 9000 2 kg ngaphambili futhi 13 × 000 4 kg ngemuva. Ukumiswa komshini ngokugcwele kuwo wonke ama-ekseli kusebenzisa iziphethu ze-parabolic - 28x4 mm kuma-axles angaphambili kanye no-41x13 mm kuma-ekseli angemuva. Idrayivu ihlinzekwa yinjini ye-Scania DC148-13 - injini engu-6 litre, 331,2-cylinder, in-line enamandla amakhulu angu-450 kW/2350 hp. kanye netorque engu-6 Nm, ehlangabezana nezinga lezemvelo le-Euro 14 ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-“SCR kuphela”. Idrayivu ihanjiswa yi-905-speed GRSO2 transmission enamagiya amabili okukhasa kanye ne-automatic Opticruise gearshift system, kanye nekesi lokudluliswa kwamagiya angu-20 elisabalalisa ngokuqhubekayo i-torque phakathi kwama-asi angaphambili nangemuva. Kwasetshenziswa izingidi ezihlukanisayo ezinde kanye neziphambeneyo - phakathi kwamasondo naphakathi kwama-ekseli. Ama-axle okushayela anezigaba ezimbili - anamahabhu amasondo ancishisiwe kanye namathayi angawodwa ukuze agcine ukuhambahamba kweqhinga eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukususwa kwamandla okushayela amadivaysi angaphandle. I-Scania CG2L cab iyikhebhu lensimbi, eliphakathi nobude, elinophahla oluyisicaba futhi lihlala abantu abangu-XNUMX - linezihlalo zomshayeli nabagibeli kanye negumbi elikhulu lokugcina izinto zomuntu siqu.
