Imikhiqizo emisha yokuphela kuka-2021 endizeni yaseRussia

Ibhomu lokuqala le-Tu-160 elakhiwe ngemuva kwekhefu elide lathatha indiza yokuqala ngoJanuwari 12, 2022 lisuka enkundleni yezindiza yesitshalo saseKazan. Wachitha isigamu sehora esemoyeni.

Ukuphela konyaka ngamunye isikhathi sokusheshisa ngezinhlelo. Kuhlala kuningi okwenzekayo eRussian Federation emasontweni okugcina onyaka, kanti u-2021, naphezu kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, akahlukile. Imicimbi eminingana ebalulekile ihlehliselwe ukuqala kwalo nyaka.

I-Tu-160 yokuqala entsha

Isenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu nesilindelwe isikhathi eside - indiza yokuqala yebhomu lokuqala le-Tu-160, elibuyiselwe ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokungasebenzi - senzeka onyakeni omusha, ngoJanuwari 12, 2022. I-Tu-160M, namanje ingapendiwe, yasuka enkundleni yendiza yesitshalo saseKazan futhi yachitha isigamu sehora emoyeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-600. Indiza ayizange ihoxise igiya lokufika futhi ayizange isonge iphiko. Enqoleni kwakukhona ithimba labane ngaphansi komyalo kaViktor Minashkin, umshayeli omkhulu wokuhlola weTupolev. Ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo komcimbi wanamuhla ukuthi indiza entsha yakhiwe ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni - yile ndlela u-Yury Slyusar, uMqondisi Jikelele we-United Aviation Corporation (UAC), ahlole ngayo ukubaluleka kwalolu ndiza. AmaRussia azofika ngesikhathi ngeTu-160M ​​entsha yokugubha usuku - Disemba 18, 2021 ihlanganisa iminyaka engu-40 kusukela indiza yokuqala ye-Tu-160 ngo-1981; Yehlulekile, kodwa i-skid yayisencane.

Yiqiniso, akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele ukuthi kwasetshenziswa i-airframe eqedwe kancane ekukhiqizeni le ndiza. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kweTu-160 kwenziwa eKazan ngo-1984-1994; kamuva, amanye ama-airframe amane angakaqedwa asala efekthri. Ezintathu zazo zaqedwa, eyodwa ngayinye ngo-1999, 2007 nango-2017, kanti enye isasebenza. Ngokusemthethweni, indiza entsha yokukhiqiza inegama elithi Tu-160M2 (umkhiqizo 70M2), ngokungafani ne-Tu-160M ​​(umkhiqizo 70M), okuyizindiza ezisebenzayo zesimanje, kodwa emaphephandabeni, i-UAC isebenzisa igama elithi Tu-160M. kubo bonke.

Ukuqaliswa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kwe-Tu-160 kwakudinga ukwakhiwa kabusha kobuchwepheshe obuningi obulahlekile, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli amakhulu e-titanium, izindlela eziqinile zokulwa kwamaphiko nezinjini.

Njengoba abantu baseRussia bebeka phambili amandla abo ezikhali zenuzi, i-Tu-160M, kokubili ukukhiqizwa okusha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza ezikhona ezijwayelekile, kuwuhlelo olubaluleke kakhulu lwezempi lwezindiza oluqhubekayo njengamanje. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela wezi-2015, uMnyango Wezezimboni Nezohwebo waseRussia wavuma ukuqalisa kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwe-Tu-160 ngokwakhiwa kweTu-160M2 yokuqala yokuhlola, leyo nje esuqalile. U-Yuri Slyusar wabe esebiza ukuqaliswa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kwe-Tu-160 iphrojekthi enkulu, engakaze ibonwe emlandweni we-post-Soviet wemboni yethu yezindiza. Ukuqaliswa kabusha kokukhiqiza kwakudinga ukwakhiwa kabusha kwemishini yokukhiqiza yesitshalo saseKazan nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi - abantu abakhumbula ukukhululwa kweTu-160 sebevele bathatha umhlalaphansi. I-Samara Enterprise Kuznetsov iphinde yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini ze-bypass turbojet NK-32 enguqulweni yesimanje ye-NK-32-02 (noma i-NK-32 uchungechunge 02), i-Aerosila yaqala kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwe-Tu-160 wing warp mechanism, futhi i-Gidromash - igiya lokugijima. Indiza izokwamukela imishini emisha ngokuphelele, okuhlanganisa nesiteshi se-radar ne-cockpit, kanye nohlelo olusha lokuzivikela kanye nezikhali, okuhlanganisa ne-Ch-BD ultra-long-range cruise missile.

NgoJanuwari 25, 2018, eKazan, phambi kukaVladimir Putin, uMnyango Wezokuvikela WaseRussia wafaka umyalo wamabhomu amasha ayi-10 amasha e-Tu-160M2 abiza ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15 (cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-270) lilinye. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isitshalo saseKazan sithuthukisa amabhomu akhona ku-Tu-160M ​​​​ngemishini efanayo nendiza entsha yokukhiqiza. Ibhomu lokuqala lesimanje le-Tu-160M ​​(inombolo yomsila 14, ukubhaliswa kwe-RF-94103, igama elifanele u-Igor Sikorsky) lasuka ngoFebhuwari 2, 2020.

Ivolontiya eliqashisayo i-S-70

Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi konyaka omusha, ngo-December 14, 2021, indiza yokuqala ye-S-70 eyayingenamuntu yahoxiswa eshabhu yokukhiqiza yesitshalo se-NAZ eNovosibirsk. Kwakuyiholide elinesizotha; ugandaganda wadonsa indiza engapendiwe wayikhipha ehholo wayibuyisela emuva. Izihambeli ezimenyiwe ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhona, okuhlanganisa iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela u-Aleksey Krivorukhko, Umkhuzi Ophakeme Webutho Lezindiza Emkhathini (VKS) General Sergei Surovikin, Umqondisi-Jikelele we-KLA u-Yuri Slyusar, kanye noMphathi Wohlelo lwe-S-70 u-Sergei Bibikov.

Kusukela ngomhlaka-3 Agasti 2019, umbonisi wemishini ye-S-70B-1 enenombolo yomsila 071, edalwe njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-Okhotnik-B R&D olwethulwe ngo-2011, ibilokhu ihlolwa indiza. -B, Disemba 27, 2019. UMnyango Wezokuvikela Wenhlangano YaseRussia uphothule olunye uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Okhotnik-1, ngaphansi kwalo uhlelo lwezindiza olungenamuntu lwe-SK-70 nezindiza i-S-70 kanye nesikhungo sokulawula umhlabathi i-NPU-70 ithuthukisiwe. Inkontileka ihlinzekela ukwakhiwa kwezindiza ezintathu zokuhlola i-S-70, eyokuqala eyanikezwa kuphela ngoDisemba. Ukuphothulwa kokuhlolwa kombuso kanye nokulungela ukwethulwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi kuhlelelwe umhla zingama-30 kuMfumfu wezi-2025.

I-innovation ebaluleke kakhulu ye-S-70 ngaphezu kombonisi we-S-70B-1 i-nozzle ye-exhaust yenjini eyisicaba, eshiya indawo encane yokushisa; ngaphambi kwalokho, injini yesikhashana engu-117BD enembobo eyindilinga evamile yafakwa ku-airframe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuma kwesembozo se-chassis kuhlukile; izinti zomsakazo neminye imininingwane ishintshile kancane. Mhlawumbe i-S-70 izothola okungenani ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, isibonelo, i-radar, engekho ku-S-70B.

I-S-70 eyomile "i-Okhotnik" iphiko endizayo elisindayo elinesisindo esingamathani angama-20 ngenjini eyodwa yejethi yegesi esebenza ngomshini futhi ephethe izikhali ezindaweni ezimbili zamabhomu zangaphakathi. Imishini kanye nesitokwe sezikhali ebhodini leVolontiya lifakaza ukuthi lokhu akulona "iphiko elithembekile", kodwa indiza ezimele yokulwa eyenzelwe ukusebenza endaweni eyodwa yolwazi nezinye izindiza, eziphethwe futhi ezingenamuntu, ezihambisana nomqondo we-American Skyborg. . isistimu yahlolwa okokuqala endizeni ngo-Ephreli 29, 2021. Ngekusasa leVolontiya, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini esekelwe "yokwenziwa kobuhlakani" enikeza indiza izinga eliphezulu lokuzimela, okuhlanganisa ikhono lokuhlola isimo samaqhinga nokwenza izinqumo zekhompyutha ezizimele zokusebenzisa izikhali, kuzobaluleka. I-Artificial intelligence yisihloko izikhungo zocwaningo zaseRussia nezinkampani ezisanda kusithatha ngokungathi sína.

AmaRussia amemezele ukuthi i-Okhotnik izokhiqizwa ngamaqoqo amakhulu e-Novosibirsk Aviation Plant (NAZ), ephethwe yi-Sukhoi concern, ebuye ikhiqize ama-su-34 fighter-bombers. I-oda leqoqo lokuqala lokukhiqiza indiza i-S-70 limenyezelwe embukisweni Wezempi ngo-Agasti 2022.

Ngendlela, ngoDisemba 2021, uMnyango Wezokuvikela WaseRussia wakhipha ividiyo ebonisa i-S-70B-1 iwisa ibhomu. Le filimu kungenzeka ibhekisele kuJanuwari 2021, lapho kubikwa ukuthi iVolontiya lilahle ibhomu elingu-500 kg ekamelweni elingaphakathi endaweni yokuqeqeshwa yase-Ashuluk. Lokhu bekuwukuhlola kuphela ukukhishwa kwempahla endaweni yebhomu kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwayo endizeni, njengoba umbonisi we-S-70B-1 engenawo amadivaysi okuqondisa. Ividiyo ibonisa ukuthi amakhava e-arms bay asusiwe ngaphambi kwendiza.