Izinhlobo zakamuva ze-Dassault Rafale ingxenye 2
Izikhali zika-Rafał ekulweni amabanga aphakathi nendawo nafushane kuze kube manje bekuyimicibisholo eqondiswa i-MICA kuphela ezinguqulweni ze-IR (infrared) kanye ne-EM (electromagnetic). Osesithombeni u-Rafale M “26” ohlome ngemicibisholo ye-MICA IR emisebeni ekugcineni kwamaphiko. Isisekelo se-BAP eJordani - Operation Chammal.
Ukulwa okwenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa izimpi zasemoyeni, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezingxabano ezingalingani. Okokuqala, basebenzisa izikhali ezisuka emoyeni ukuya phansi, kokubili ngendlela yamabhomu avamile nezikhali ezinelaser noma isiqondiso sesathelayithi. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo singase sishintshe maduzane, uma kuphela ngenxa yokuvela kwendiza yesizukulwane sesi-5, ukuthuthukiswa kwempi ye-elekthronikhi kanye nesidingo sokugxila ekuqondisweni kwe-optoelectronic (kuhlanganise ne-laser) ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuphazanyiswa kwesitha ngezimpawu zokuhamba nge-satellite. I-France nayo ibamba iqhaza emisebenzini enjalo, ngokuzimela nangokubambisana namanye amazwe. Kwavela ukuthi ngezindlela eziningi imishini yezindiza zaseFrance ayilungile neze, futhi kuphela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwendiza ye-Dassault Rafale base combat izoyivumela ukuba ivumelane ngokugcwele nezimo zempi yesimanje.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha noma ezithuthukisiwe ezisebhodini, izinto zokusebenza nezikhali, indiza i-Rafale F3-R izoba "ihhashi lomsebenzi" eligcwele lendiza yaseFrance yamasu, ezempi kanye nezasolwandle. Ifaneleka ngokugcwele igama elibizwe ngalo kusukela ekuqaleni komklamo walo - "i-avion omnirôle".
I-Rafale Standard F3-R - amakhono amasha okulwa
Izici ezimbili ziyisici futhi zibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga le-F3-R: ukuhlanganiswa kwe-MBDA Meteor yebanga elide le-air-to-air missile kanye ne-Thales TALIOS yokubona i-cartridge.
Ngokungangabazeki, uhlelo loguquko olwenze i-Rafale i-fighter egcwele, eyamukelwa yi-F3-R, i-BVRAAM (Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile) i-air-to-air missile yebanga elide. Ikilasi le-BVRAAM, i-radar ye-Thales RBE2 AA esemoyeni ene-antenna ye-AESA. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzoshintsha amandla e-Rafale okulwa emoyeni, njengoba i-Meteor izovumela i-Rafał ukuthi ilwe nemigomo ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-100 (MICA EM cishe amakhilomitha angama-50).
Iphrojekthi yokuthengwa kwempahla ka-2018 ihlinzekele ukulethwa kwemicibisholo engama-69 yalolu hlobo emabuthweni ahlomile aseFrance, kanti isabelomali esisalungiswa se-PLF 2019 (Projet de loi de Finances) sika-2019 sihlinzekela ukuhleleka kuka-60 kanye nokulethwa kwemicibisholo engama-31.
Isici sesibili esivelele se-F3-R ukuphatheka kwekhatriji entsha ye-TALIOS kaThales. Phambilini, indiza yakwa-Rafale ibisebenzisa amathreyi e-Damoclès, kodwa njengengxenye yohlelo lwesimanje kwanqunywa ukuthi i-Rafale ihlomise ithangi elisha, elaziwa ngokuthi yi-PDL-NG (Pod de désignation laser nouvelle génération). Kungekudala ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kwesinqumo sokufaneleka ukuhluka kwe-F3-R, iGeneral Armaments Directorate (DGA) nayo yamemezela ukufaneleka kwephephabhuku elihloselwe i-TALIOS esikhishwe kwabezindaba eshicilelwe ngoNovemba 19, 2018. Umsebenzi wesiqukathi ukwenza ukuhlola kabusha, ukuhlonza okuhloswe emoyeni nasemhlabeni, kanye nokukhomba nokukhanyisa okuhlosiwe, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali eziqondiswa nge-laser.
I-cartridge yayifakwe izinzwa zethelevishini ezinesinqumo esiphezulu nezinzwa ezishisayo, amasistimu okusimamisa umkhakha wokubuka nokuhlosiwe, kanye namakhono okucubungula izithombe ahlinzeka ngokuhlonza okuhlosiwe ohambweni lokuya emoyeni, kanye nalapho kuhlasela okuhloswe phansi kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. izimo, imini nobusuku. I-TALIOS iphinde ibe namandla we-NTISR (Ulwazi Olungelona Lwendabuko, Ukugada kanye Nokwazi Kamuva), ngakho ivumela ukutholwa kabusha ngokudlulisa ulwazi oluqoqiwe ngesikhathi sangempela kwabanye abasebenzisi, okusiza ukuxhumana phakathi kweqembu le-Rafale namabutho angaphansi.
NgokukaThales, lesi ziqu sesiphinde sasetshenziswa ohlelweni lokusekela ukusebenza kweziqukathi, okungukuthi ekuphathweni okukhaliphile kwemishini kanye nokugcinwa kwayo (Smart Fleet), ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okungenzeka ngesikhathi somkhankaso kanye nokwandisa ukutholakala kweziqukathi, kanye isixazululo sezinto ezintsha zokuthutha impahla yokulenga ngaphansi kwendiza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela. Ngokwezimemezelo, ukulethwa kwenguqulo yokuqala yesiqukathi sezindiza kanye nemikhumbi yempi yaseFrance kufanele kuqale ekupheleni kuka-2018 futhi kuzohlala kuze kube ngu-2022. Ingqikithi yama-TALIOS angama-45 kumele ngabe ilethwe ngaphambi kwalokhu. Ngokwemininingwane etholakalayo, amabutho ahlomile aseFrance azoba nezindawo zokubuka ezingama-2025 zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngo-79, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu-67 njengamanje. Nokho, uma kubhekwa ukutholakala okuphansi kwalesi sixhobo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngisho naleli nani lingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi esizayo. Njengesikhumbuzo, izinga lokutholakala lilonke lama-sachets engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2018 lalingama-54% kuphela, kuyilapho inani elingenhla lisekelwe kuzinga lokutholakala kwethiyori elingu-75%. Lolu hlobo lwemishini lusetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini ye-OPEX, kokubili ku-Operation Chammal (ngokumelene namabutho abizwa ngokuthi "i-Islamic State" e-Syria nase-Iraq) nase-"Barkhan" (imisebenzi e-Afrika). Zisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezihlukile kwezaseYurophu, futhi ngokuvamile ziyehluleka.
NgokukaThales, i-TALIOS izoba uhlelo lokuqala olutholakalayo oluzohlanganisa yonke inqwaba yemisebenzi - kusukela ekutholeni ulwazi kuya ekutholweni, ekulandeleni nasekuqondisweni. Ukulungiswa okuphezulu kwezinhlelo ezingaphansi ze-bunker kufanele kunikeze umbono ophelele wesimo futhi kusize kakhulu umsebenzi wezisebenzi. Ukusiza abashayeli bezindiza, i-Thales iphinde yasebenzisa imodi yokubuka engaguquki ekuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise isithombe esisuka kuzinzwa zedivayisi ngemephu yedijithali. Lokhu kuvumela izisebenzi ukuthi zikwazi ukuthola indawo yokubuka ngokuthembekile nangokushesha ngesikhathi sangempela. Ubukhulu nesisindo se-TALIOS kuyafana neyandulelayo i-Damoclès, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa nabantu.
