Izinga lokusetshenziswa kukawoyela lokumosha
Okuqukethwe
Kungani uwoyela usetshenziselwa imfucuza?
Ngisho nasenjinini esebenza ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kokuvuza kwangaphandle, izinga likawoyela liyehla kancane kancane. Ezinjinini ezintsha, ukwehla kwezinga ngokuvamile kuba ngamamilimitha ambalwa kuphela (njengoba kukalwa i-dipstick) futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthathwa njengokungabi bikho ngokuphelele kokushiswa kwamafutha enjini. Kodwa namuhla emvelweni azikho izinjini ezingeke zisebenzise uwoyela nhlobo. Futhi ngezansi sizokutshela ukuthi kungani.
Okokuqala, yona kanye indlela yokusebenza kukawoyela kupheya yokushayisana kweringi isho ukusha kwayo ingxenye. Ezindongeni zamasilinda ezimoto eziningi, okubizwa nge-khon kusetshenziswa - i-microrelief eklanyelwe ukubamba uwoyela endaweni yokuxhumana. Futhi izindandatho ze-oil scraper, vele, azikwazi ngokomzimba ukuthola lokhu kuthambisa kusuka kumanotshi akusilinda. Ngakho-ke, i-lubricant esele endaweni ehloniphekile ishiswa kancane ngamafutha avuthayo phakathi nomjikelezo wokusebenza.
Okwesibili, ngisho nakuma-motor lapho, ngokusho kobuchwepheshe, amasilinda aphucuziwe acishe abe yisimo sesibuko, iqiniso lokuba khona kwe-microrelief ezindaweni zokusebenza alikhanseliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nezindandatho ezicatshangelwayo nezisebenzayo ze-oil scraper azikwazi ukususa ngokuphelele i-lubricant ezindongeni ze-cylinder, futhi zivutha ngokwemvelo.
Izinga lokusetshenziswa kukawoyela kudoti linqunywa umenzi wezimoto futhi cishe njalo liboniswa emiyalweni yokusebenza kwemoto. Isibalo esishiwo umenzi ngokuvamile sibonisa inani eliphezulu elivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini. Ngemva kokweqa umkhawulo okhonjiswe umenzi we-automaker, injini kufanele okungenani ihlolwe, njengoba ngezinga eliphezulu lamathuba okuba amaringi nama-valve stem seal asegugile futhi adinga ukushintshwa.
Kwezinye izinjini, izinga lokusetshenziswa kukawoyela ekumosheni, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, lingcolile. Isibonelo, ku-M54 izinjini zezimoto ze-BMW, kufika ku-700 ml nge-1000 km ngayinye kubhekwa njengento evamile. Okusho ukuthi, ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kwe-lubricant, kuzodingeka wengeze inani elifanayo lamafutha phakathi kokushintshwa okukhona kumotho.
Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kwemfucuza yenjini yedizili: ukubala
Izinjini zikadizili, ngokungafani nezinjini zikaphethiloli, bezilokhu zinamandla kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuzo zonke izikhathi zomkhakha wezimoto. Iphuzu lisemininingwaneni yomsebenzi: isilinganiso sokucindezela futhi, ngokuvamile, i-voltage ezingxenyeni ze-crankshaft yezinjini zikadizili ziphakeme.
Imvamisa, abashayeli bezimoto abazi ukuthi bangakwazi kanjani ukubala ngokuzimela ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okudliwe yinjini yokulahla. Kuze kube manje, izindlela eziningana zaziwa.
Eyokuqala futhi elula yindlela yokugcwalisa. Ekuqaleni, ekulungiseni okulandelayo, udinga ukugcwalisa uwoyela ngokuqinile ngokophawu olungenhla ku-dipstick. Ngemva kwebanga elingu-1000 km, kancane kancane wengeze amafutha asuka esitsheni semalitha kuze kufike izinga elifanayo. Kusukela ezinsalela ku-canister, ungaqonda ukuthi imoto idle amafutha amaningi kangakanani. Izilinganiso zokulawula kufanele zenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo ezazikhona ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Isibonelo, uma izinga likawoyela lihlolwe enjinini eshisayo, khona-ke emva kokugcwalisa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Uma kungenjalo, umphumela otholiwe ungase uhluke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwamafutha enjini.
Indlela yesibili izonikeza umphumela onembe kakhudlwana. Khipha ngokuphelele amafutha ku-crankcase ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Thela okusha kuze kufike kumaki aphezulu ku-dipstick futhi uhlole ukuthi kusele malini ku-canister. Isibonelo, sithela okusalile esitsheni sokulinganisa ukuze uthole umphumela onembe kakhudlwana, kodwa ungakwazi futhi ukuzulazula ngesilinganiso sokulinganisa ku-canister. Sisusa izinsalela kumthamo ojwayelekile we-canister - sithola inani lamafutha athululelwa enjinini. Lapho ushayela, amakhilomitha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-15 (noma amanye amakhilomitha alawulwa yi-automaker), engeza uwoyela kumaki bese uwabala. Kungcono kakhulu ukumane ugcwalise ngamathini amalitha. Ngokuvamile umehluko phakathi kwamamaki ku-dipstick cishe ilitha. Ngemuva kokulungiswa okulandelayo, sikhipha amafutha ku-crankcase futhi silinganise inani layo. Sikhipha inani lezimayini ezikhishiwe kumthamo wamafutha ogcwaliswe ekuqaleni. Kuvelu ewumphumela, sengeza yonke ivolumu ye-lubricant egcwaliswe ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Hlukanisa inani eliwumphumela ngo-15. Lokhu kuzoba umthamo wamafutha asha amakhilomitha angu-1000 emotweni yakho. Inzuzo yale ndlela isampula enkulu, eqeda amaphutha okusebenza ajwayelekile ekukaleni ngemayela eliphansi.
Bese simane siqhathanise inani elitholiwe nedatha yepasipoti. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza kungaphakathi kokujwayelekile - siya phambili futhi ungakhathazeki. Uma idlula amanani epasipoti, kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe ukuxilonga futhi uthole izimbangela zokwanda kwe "zhora" yamafutha.
