German Afrika Korps ingxenye 2

Okuqukethwe

Manje hhayi kuphela iDeutches Afrikakorps, kodwa futhi i-Panzerarmee Afrika, i-corps eyayiyingxenye yayo, yaqala ukunqotshwa ngemva kokunqotshwa. Ngobuqili, akulona iphutha lika-Erwin Rommel, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe, waba namandla kakhulu, elwa nobunzima obungenakucatshangwa bokusebenza, nakuba alwa ngobuchule, ngesibindi futhi kungashiwo ukuthi waphumelela. Kodwa-ke, masingakhohlwa ukuthi igama elithi "ephumelelayo" libhekisela kuphela ezingeni le-tactical.

PzKpfw IV Ausf. I-G ithangi elingcono kakhulu i-DAK eyake yaba nalo. Lezi zimoto zasetshenziswa kusukela ekwindla ka-1942, nakuba amathangi okuqala alokhu kuguqulwa afika eNyakatho Afrika ngo-August 1942.

Manje hhayi kuphela iDeutches Afrikakorps, kodwa futhi i-Panzerarmee Afrika, i-corps eyayiyingxenye yayo, yaqala ukunqotshwa ngemva kokunqotshwa. Ngobuqili, akulona iphutha lika-Erwin Rommel, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe, waba namandla kakhulu, elwa nobunzima obungenakucatshangwa bokusebenza, nakuba alwa ngobuchule, ngesibindi futhi kungashiwo ukuthi waphumelela. Kodwa-ke, masingakhohlwa ukuthi igama elithi "ephumelelayo" libhekisela kuphela ezingeni le-tactical.

Ezingeni lokusebenza, izinto zazingasahambi kahle kangako. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhlela ukuzivikela okuzinzile ngenxa yokungabaza kukaRommel ezenzweni zezikhundla kanye nesifiso sakhe sezimpi ezilawulekayo. I-marshal yaseJalimane yaseJalimane yakhohlwa ukuthi ukuzivikela okuhlelwe kahle kungaphula ngisho nesitha esinamandla kakhulu.

Nokho, ezingeni lamasu kwaba inhlekelele yangempela. Wayefunani uRommel? Wayefuna ukuya kuphi? Wayeyaphi nezigaba zakhe ezine ezingaphelele? Wayehlele ukuyaphi ngemva kokunqoba iGibhithe? Sudan, Somalia kanye neKenya? Noma mhlawumbe iPalestine, iSyria neLebanon, yonke indlela eya emngceleni waseTurkey? Futhi kusukela lapho eTransjordan, Iraq naseSaudi Arabia? Noma mhlawumbe nangaphezulu, i-Iran neBritish India? Ingabe wayezowuqeda umkhankaso waseBurma? Noma ingabe wayemane ehlela ukuhlela ukuzivikela eSinayi? Phela, amaNgisi azohlela amabutho adingekayo, njengoba enza ngaphambili, e-El Alamein, futhi azomshaya.

Kuphela ukuhoxa ngokuphelele kwamasosha ezitha ezimpahleni zaseBrithani okwaqinisekisa ikhambi lokugcina lenkinga. Futhi izinto ezibalulwe ngenhla noma izindawo ezingaphansi kokulawulwa kwezempi yaseBrithani zadlulela eGanges nangale ... Yiqiniso, izigaba ezine ezincanyana, okwakuhlukaniswa ngamagama kuphela, kanye namabutho e-Italo-African contingent, lokhu kwakungeyona neze. kungenzeka.

Eqinisweni, u-Erwin Rommel akazange asho “okufanele akwenze ngokulandelayo.” Usakhuluma ngeSuez Canal njengenhloso enkulu yokuhlasela. Kwaba sengathi umhlaba uphelele kulo mthambo obalulekile wokuxhumana, kodwa owawunganqumanga ukunqotshwa kwamaNgisi eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eMpumalanga Ephakathi noma e-Afrika. EBerlin, akekho noyedwa owaphakamisa lolu daba. Lapho baba nenye inkinga - ukulwa okunzima empumalanga, izimpi ezimangalisayo zokuphula umhlane kaStalin.

I-Australian 9th DP yadlala indima ebalulekile kuzo zonke izimpi endaweni yase-El Alamein, ezimbili zazo ezazibizwa ngokuthi Izimpi ZokuQala Nesesibili zase-El Alamein, futhi eyodwa yayibizwa ngeMpi yase-Alam el Halfa Ridge. Esesithombeni: Amasosha ase-Australia enkampanini yezikhali i-Bren Carrier.

Okokugcina ukuhlasela

Lapho iMpi Yase-El Ghazal iphela futhi eMpumalanga Front amaJalimane eqala ukuqhubekela phambili e-Stalingrad nasezindaweni ezicebile ngowoyela zaseCaucasus, ngoJuni 25, 1942, amabutho aseJalimane eNyakatho Afrika ayenamathangi angama-60 anezibhamu ezingu-3500 kumasosha ahamba ngezinyawo. . amayunithi (okungabandakanyi ama-artillery, logistics, reconnaissance kanye nezokuxhumana), futhi amaNtaliyane ayenamathangi asebenzisekayo angama-44, anezibhamu eziyi-6500 ezinyunithi zamasosha (angabandakanyi amasosha ezinye izinhlaka). Kuhlanganisa nawo wonke amasosha aseJalimane nawaseNtaliyane, ayengaba yikhulu kuzo zonke izinhlangano, kodwa amanye ayegula futhi engakwazi ukulwa, ayi-100. amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yilabo abakwazi ukulwa eqenjini elihamba ngezinyawo bephethe isibhamu.

Ngomhla zingama-21 ku-June 1942, u-Field Marshal Albert Kesserling, umkhuzi we-OB Süd, wafika e-Afrika ezohlangana no-Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (owakhushulwa esikhundleni ngalolo suku) kanye noJenene Wezempi u-Ettore Bastico, owayethole insathane ye-marshal ngo-August 1942. Yebo, isihloko salo mhlangano sasiwukuphendula umbuzo: yini elandelayo? Njengoba ungacabanga, uKesserling noBastico babefuna ukuqinisa izikhundla zabo futhi balungiselele ukuvikela iLibya njengempahla yase-Italy. Bobabili baqonda ukuthi lapho ukungqubuzana okubalulekile kwenzeka e-Eastern Front, lesi kwakuyisinqumo esinengqondo kunazo zonke. U-Kesserling wayethemba ukuthi uma ukuxazululwa kokugcina kwenzeka empumalanga ngokunqamula amaRussia ezindaweni ezithwala uwoyela, amabutho azokhululwa ukuze asebenze eNyakatho Afrika, khona-ke ukuhlasela okungenzeka kwe-Egypt kungaba okungokoqobo. Kunoma ikuphi, ungakwazi ukupheka methodically. Kodwa-ke, u-Rommel waphikisa ngokuthi i-British 8th Army yayihlehla ngokugcwele nokuthi ukuphishekela kufanele kuqale ngokushesha. Wayekholelwa ukuthi izinsiza ezitholakala eTobruk zazizovumela ukuthi imashi yokungena eGibhithe iqhubeke, nokuthi kwakungekho ukukhathazeka mayelana nesimo sokuhleleka kwe-Panzerarmee Afrika.

Ngasohlangothini lwamaNgisi, mhla zingama-25 kuNhlangulana 1942, uJenene Claude J. E. Auchinleck, umkhuzi wamabutho aseBrithani eGibhithe, iLevant, Saudi Arabia, Iraq kanye ne-Iran (Middle East Command), waxosha umkhuzi we-8th Army, uLieutenant General Neil M. U-Ritchie. Lesi sakamuva sabuyela eGreat Britain, lapho athatha khona umyalo we-52nd Infantry Division "Lowlands", i.e. yehliswe amazinga amabili okusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1943 waba umkhuzi we-XII Corps, alwa naye ngempumelelo eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngo-1944-1945, futhi kamuva wathatha umyalo we-Scottish Command futhi, ekugcineni, ngo-1947, wahola i-Far East Command of the Land Forces kwaze kwaba yilapho. umhlalaphansi wakhe ngo-1948. okungukuthi, waphinde wathatha umyalo wesikhundla sebutho, lapho aklonyeliswa khona isikhundla sokuba ujenene “ogcwele”. Ekupheleni kuka-June 1942, uGeneral Auchinleck ngokwakhe wathatha umyalo we-8th Army, wenza imisebenzi yomibili kanyekanye.

Impi yaseMarsa-Matrukha

Amasosha aseBrithani athatha izindawo zokuzivikela eMarsa Matruh, idolobha elincane elinechweba laseGibhithe, 180 km entshonalanga ye-El Alamein kanye ne-300 km entshonalanga ye-Alexandria. Kwakukhona ujantshi oholela edolobheni, futhi eningizimu yawo kwakukhona ukuqhubeka kwe-Via Balbia, okungukuthi, umgwaqo ogudla ugu oya e-Aleksandriya uqobo. Bekunesikhumulo sezindiza eningizimu yedolobha. I-10th Corps (uLieutenant General William G. Holmes) yayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela indawo yaseMarsa Matruh, umyalo owawusanda kudluliselwa eTransjordan. Amasosha ahlanganisa i-21st Indian Infantry Brigade (24th, 25th and 50th Indian Infantry Brigades), eyathatha izikhundla zokuzivikela edolobheni nasezindaweni ezizungezile, nasempumalanga ye-Mars Matruh, isigaba sesibili se-corps, i-British 69th DP "Northumbrian" (150. BP, 151. BP kanye no-20. BP). Cishe amakhilomitha angama-30-10 eningizimu yedolobha kwakukhona isigodi esiyisicaba esingamakhilomitha angu-12-XNUMX ububanzi, lapho omunye umgwaqo wawusuka entshonalanga uye empumalanga. Eningizimu yalesi sigodi, elungele ukuhamba kahle, kwakunonqenqema olunamadwala, olulandelwa indawo ewugwadule ephakeme, enamatshe axegayo, evulekile.

Cishe amakhilomitha angama-30 eningizimu ye-Marsa Matrouh, onqenqemeni lwe-escarpment, idolobhana laseMinkar Sidi Hamza, ikhaya le-5th Indian DP, ngaleso sikhathi eyayineyodwa kuphela, i-BP yama-29. Empumalanga kancane, i-BP yesi-2 yaseNew Zealand yayisesimweni (kusuka ku-BP yesi-4 neyesi-5, ngaphandle kwe-BP yesi-6, eyahoxiswa ku-El Alamein). Ekugcineni, eningizimu, endaweni ephakeme, i-1st Armored Division ne-22nd Armored Battalion, i-7th Armored Brigade, kanye ne-4th Motorized Rifle Brigade evela ku-7th Infantry Division. Sekukonke, i-1st Dpanc inamathangi asheshayo angu-159, okuhlanganisa namathangi e-M60 Grant amasha angu-3 anesibhamu esingu-75 mm ku-sponson ye-hull sponson kanye ne-anti-tank gun engu-37 mm ku-turret. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaBrithani ayenamathangi angu-19 ezingane. Amabutho endaweni yaseMinkar Sidi Hamza (zombili izigaba zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa eziphelile kanye ne-1st Armored Division) ayeyingxenye ye-7th Corps ngaphansi komyalo kaLieutenant General William H.E. "Strafera" Gott (washona engozini yendiza ngo-August 1942).

Ukuhlaselwa kwezikhundla zaseBrithani kwaqala ntambama zingama-26 Juni. I-50th Light Division yasuka endaweni yama-90 ye-DP Northumbarian eningizimu ye-Marsa Matruh, yaba buthaka ngokwanele ukuba ikwazi ukusukumela phezulu, ngosizo olukhulu oluvela emlilweni osebenzayo we-British 50th Infantry Division. Eningizimu, i-German 21st Panzer Division yagqekeza endaweni evikelekile ebuthakathaka enyakatho yawo womabili ama-brigades aseNew Zealand we-2nd DP, futhi endaweni yaseMinkar Qaim empumalanga yemigqa yaseBrithani, isigaba saseJalimane sajikela eningizimu, sanqamula abaseNew Zealanders. hlehla. Lesi bekuyisinyathelo esimangalisayo, njengoba i-2nd New Zealand Infantry Division yayinemigqa yokuzivikela ehlelwe kahle futhi ingavikela ngempumelelo. Nokho, lapho enqanyuliwe empumalanga, umkhuzi wamaphoyisa waseNew Zealand, uLieutenant General Bernard Freyberg, wethuka kakhulu. Eqaphela ukuthi wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wamasosha aseNew Zealand kuhulumeni wezwe lakhe, waqala ukucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukudlulisela leli qembu empumalanga. Njengoba i-German 15th Armored Division eseningizimu kakhulu imile ogwadule yi-22nd British Armistice, noma yisiphi isenzo esisheshayo sasibonakala singakafiki isikhathi.

Ukuvela kwe-21st Armored Division ngemuva kwemigqa yaseBrithani nakho kwamthusa uGeneral Auchinleck. Kulesi simo, emini ngo-27 Juni, wazisa abaphathi bezinkampani ezimbili ukuthi akufanele babeke engozini ukulahlekelwa amandla angaphansi ukuze bagcine izikhundla zabo eMarsa Matruh. Lo myalelo wanikezwa naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-British 1st Armored Division iqhubekile nokubamba i-15th Armored Division, manje eqiniswa nakakhulu yi-Italian 133rd Armored Division "Littorio" ye-Italian 27th Corps. Ngobusuku bangomhla ziyisi-8 kuNhlangulana, uGeneral Auchinleck wayala wonke amasosha angama-50 ukuthi ahoxiswe endaweni entsha yokuzivikela endaweni yaseFouca, engaphansi kwamakhilomitha angama-XNUMX ukuya empumalanga. Ngakho-ke, amasosha aseBrithani ahlehla.

Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu bekungeseNew Zealand 2nd Infantry Division, ebivinjwe yiGerman 21st Infantry Division. Kodwa-ke, ngobusuku bukaJuni 27-28, ukuhlasela okuzumayo kweNew Zealand 5th BP endaweni yebutho lezimoto zaseJalimane kwaba yimpumelelo. Izimpi zazinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba zaziliwa ezindaweni ezikude. Amasosha amaningi aseJalimane ahlaselwa abakwaNew Zealanders. Kulandela i-BP yesi-5, i-BP yesine nezinye izigaba nazo zagqashuka. I-DP yesi-4 yaseNew Zealand yahlengwa. ULieutenant General Freyberg walimala empini, kodwa wakwazi nokuhoxa. Sebebonke abantu baseNew Zealand babulawa, balimala futhi bathunjwa abangama-2. Okubi kunakho konke, nokho, i-800nd New Zealand Infantry Division ayizange iyalwe ukuba ihoxe esikhundleni se-Fuca, futhi amayunithi ayo afinyelela e-El Alamein.

Umyalelo wokuhoxiswa awuzange ufinyelele kumphathi we-28th Corps, okwathi ekuseni ngo-June 90 waqala ukulwa ne-countertack eningizimu ngomzamo wokukhulula i-21st Corps, eyayi... Ngokushesha nje lapho abaseBrithani bengena empini, babhekana nokumangala okungajabulisi, njengoba esikhundleni sokusiza omakhelwane babo, ngokuzumayo babhekana nawo wonke amabutho aseJalimane endaweni, okungukuthi, i-21st Light Division kanye nezakhi ze-90th Panzer. Ukwehlukana. Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi i-28th Panzer Division yayijike ngasenyakatho futhi yanqamula indlela yayo yokuphunyuka empumalanga ye-X Corps. Kulesi simo, uGeneral Auchinleck wayala ukuthi amasosha ahlukaniswe abe amakholomu futhi ahlasele eningizimu, ukuze agqekeze ukwakheka kwe-Dlek ebuthakathaka engu-29 ibheke engxenyeni eyisicaba phakathi kukaMarsa Matrouh noMinkar Sidi Hamzakh, lapho amakholomu e-X Corps. wajikela empumalanga kwathi ngobusuku bama-29 NgoJuni 7 wabalekela amaJalimane waqonda eFuqua. Ekuseni ngo-June 16, i-Marsa Matruh yathathwa yi-6000 Bersaglieri Regiment ye-Pistoia Infantry Regiment, amaNtaliyane athumba amaNdiya angaba ngu-XNUMX namaBrithani.

Ukuboshwa kwamasosha aseJalimane eFuqua nakho kwehlulekile. I-Indian 29th Infantry Regiment ye-Indian Infantry Regiment yesi-5 izamile ukuhlela ukuzivikela lapha, kodwa i-German 21st Infantry Regiment yasihlasela ngaphambi kokuthi kuqedwe noma yiziphi izinhlelo. Ngokushesha i-Italian 133rd Division "Littorio" yangena empini, futhi i-Indian brigade yabhujiswa ngokuphelele. I-brigade ayizange iphinde imiswe, futhi lapho i-Indian 5th Infantry Division ihoxiswa e-Iraq ngasekupheleni kuka-August 1942, yabe isidluliselwa eNdiya ekwindla ka-1942 ukuze ilwe eBurma ngo-1943-1945, abangu-123 bamiswa eNdiya isigaba sahlanganiswa. ekubunjweni kwayo. Ukwakhiwa kwe-BP esikhundleni se-BP engama-29 ephukile. Umkhuzi we-29th BP, uBrig. UDenis W. Reed wathunjwa ngoJuni 28, 1942 futhi wafakwa ekamu lempi lase-Italy. Weqa ngoNovemba 1943 futhi wakwazi ukujoyina amasosha amaNgisi e-Italy, lapho alawula khona i-Indian 1944th Infantry Division enesikhundla sokuba ngujenene omkhulu ngo-1945-10.

Ngakho-ke, amasosha aseBrithani aphoqeleka ukuba ahlehlele e-El Alamein, futhi uFuca wabulawa. Kwaqala uchungechunge lwezingxabano, lapho amaJalimane namaNtaliyane aboshwa ekugcineni.

Impi yokuqala yase-El Alamein

Idolobhana elincane elingasogwini i-El Alamein, elinesiteshi salo sesitimela nomgwaqo osogwini, liqhele ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ngasentshonalanga konqenqema olusentshonalanga lwamapulazi aluhlaza eNayile Delta. Umgwaqo osogwini oya e-Alexandria ungamakhilomitha ayi-113 ukusuka e-El Alamein. I-Cairo ingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-250, etholakala emfuleni iNayile phansi komfula. Ngokwesilinganiso somsebenzi wasogwadule, lokhu akukuningi ngempela. Kodwa lapha ugwadule luphela - kunxantathu weCairo eningizimu, El Hamam ngasentshonalanga (cishe amakhilomitha ayishumi ukusuka El Alamein) kanye Suez Canal ngasempumalanga kukhona Nile Delta eluhlaza kanye namapulazi ayo kanye nezinye izindawo ezimbozwe uhlaza oluminyene. . I-Nayile Delta ifinyelela olwandle ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-10 futhi ingamakhilomitha angama-175 ububanzi. Iqukethe amagatsha amabili amakhulu eNayile: iDamietta kanye neRosetta, enenani elikhulu lemisele emincane yemvelo neyokwenziwa, amachibi asogwini namachweba. Lena akuyona indawo engcono kakhulu ongayiqondisa.

Nokho, i-El Alamein ngokwayo isewugwadule. Le ndawo ikhethwe ngokuyinhloko ngoba imele ukuncishiswa kwemvelo kwendawo efanele ukuhamba kwezimoto, ukusuka ogwini ukuya endaweni engamaxhaphozi yaseQattara engafinyeleleki. Inwebeka cishe amakhilomitha angama-200 ukuya eningizimu, okwenza kube nzima ukuyizungeza ogwadule oluvulekile ukusuka eningizimu.

Le ndawo yayilungiselelwa ukuzivikela kakade ngo-1941. Ayizange iqiniswe ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama, kodwa izinqaba zasensimini zakhiwe lapha, manje ezisasele ukuthi zivuselelwe futhi, uma kungenzeka, zandiswe. UGeneral Claude Auchinleck washintsha ngobuhlakani kakhulu ukuzivikela ekujuleni, engawabeki wonke amasosha ezindaweni zokuzivikela, kodwa wakha izindawo zokuzivikela kanye nolunye umugqa wokuzivikela otholakala ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ngemuva komugqa omkhulu eduze kwase-El Alamein. Izimayini nazo zabekwa ezindaweni ezingavikelekile kangako. Umsebenzi womugqa wokuqala wezokuvikela kwakuwukuqondisa ukunyakaza kwezitha kulezo zinkundla zamabhomu, ezazivikelwe ngaphezu kwalokho umlilo wezikhali osindayo. Ibutho ngalinye lamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo elakha izindawo zokuzivikela (“amabhokisi endabuko ase-Afrika”) lathola amabhethri ezikhali ezimbili njengokwesekwa, kanti izikhali ezisele zazigxiliswe ngamaqembu anamasosha namabutho empi. Umsebenzi wala maqembu kwakuwukuletha imililo eqinile ngokumelene namakholomu ezitha ayezongena ajule emigqeni yokuzivikela yaseBrithani. Kwakubalulekile futhi ukuthi i-Army yesi-8 ithole izibhamu ezingama-57-mm 6-pounder anti-tank, ezabonakala ziphumelela kakhulu futhi zasetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi.

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Eighth Army yayinezidumbu ezintathu zamasosha. U-XXX Corps (uLieutenant General C. Willoughby M. Norrie) uthathe ukuzivikela kusukela e-El Alamein ukuya eningizimu nasempumalanga. Wayene-8th Infantry yase-Australia emgqeni wokuqala, owabeka ama-brigade amabili ahamba ngezinyawo emgqeni ongaphambili: i-9th BP ngasogwini kanye ne-20 BP kancane kancane eningizimu. Ibutho lesithathu lalesi sigaba, i-Australian 24th BP, lalitholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-26 ukusuka e-El Alamein, ohlangothini olusempumalanga, lapho kutholakala khona izindawo zokungcebeleka zabavakashi zikanokusho. Ibutho le-10 le-South African Infantry Regiment libekwe eningizimu ye-9th Australian Infantry Division kanye nama-brigade amathathu emgqeni wokuqala ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu: 1st BP, 3rd BP kanye ne-1st BP. Ekugcineni, eningizimu, lapho kuhlangana khona i-2nd Corps, i-Indian 9th BP ye-Indian 5th Infantry Division yathatha ukuzivikela.

Eningizimu ye-XXX Corps, ukuzivikela kwakugcwele i-XIII Corps (uLieutenant General William H. E. Gott). I-Indian Infantry Division yakhe yesi-4 yathatha izikhundla e-Ruweisat Ridge ne-BP yayo yesi-5 neyesi-7 (yamaNdiya), kuyilapho i-BP yakhe yesi-2 yaseNew Zealand yesi-5 yayibheke eningizimu, ne-New Zealand 6th kanye ne-4th BP. -m BP esenzweni; I-BP yakhe yesi-4 yahoxiswa yabuyela eGibhithe. I-Indian 11th Infantry Division yayinamaqembu amabili kuphela, i-132nd Infantry Division yayo yahlulwa eTobruk esikhathini esingangenyanga ngaphambili. I-British 44th BP, 4th Home Counties Infantry, evikela enyakatho ye-2nd Indian Infantry, yabelwa ngokusemthethweni e-New Zealand 4th Infantry, nakuba yayingaphesheya kwe-XNUMXth Indian Infantry.

Ngemuva kwezikhundla eziyinhloko zokuzivikela bekuyi-X Corps (Lt. Gen. William G. Holmes). Yayihlanganisa i-44th Home County Infantry Division kanye ne-133rd Infantry Division esele (i-44th Infantry Division ngaleso sikhathi yayinamabutho amabili kuphela; i-1942st Infantry Division yengezwa kamuva ehlobo lika-131) eyayiphethe izikhundla eduze kwe-Alam-el Halfa ridge, ehlukanisayo. amathafa ngaphesheya kwe-El Alamein ngesigamu, lolu gquma lwalusuka entshonalanga luye empumalanga. Leli qembu laliphinde libe nendawo yokugcina izikhali ngendlela ye-7th Tank Division (4th Bpk, 7th Bpk) enwetshwe kwesokunxele sophiko oluseningizimu ye-10th Corps, kanye ne-8th Infantry Division (ene-Bpk ye-XNUMX kuphela) ehlezi. izikhundla ku-Alam el Halfa ridge.

Ibutho eliyinhloko laseJalimane-Italian ekuqaleni kukaJulayi 1942 kwakuyiqiniso, i-German Afrika Korps, okwathi ngemva kokugula (futhi yathumba ngoMeyi 29, 1942) kajenene wezikhali uLudwig Krüwel, yaqondiswa ujenene wezikhali uWalter Nehring. . Ngalesi sikhathi, i-DAK yayinezigaba ezintathu.

I-15th Panzer Division, okwesikhashana ngaphansi komyalo ka-Colonel W. Eduard Krasemann, yayihlanganisa i-8th Tank Regiment (izimpi ezimbili, izinkampani ezintathu ngayinye yamathangi okukhanya e-PzKpfw III kanye ne-PzKfpw II kanye nenkampani ye-PzKpfw IV yamathangi aphakathi), i-115th Motorized. I-Rifle Regiment (amabutho amathathu, izinkampani ezine ezinezimoto lilinye), i-33rd Regiment (amaqembu amathathu, amabhethri amathathu e-Howitzer lilinye), i-33rd Reconnaissance Battalion (inkampani yezikhali, inkampani yokuhlola izimoto, inkampani enzima), i-78th Anti-Tank Squadron (ibhethri elilwa nethangi kanye ibhethri elilwa nethangi elizishayelayo), ibutho lezokuxhumana lama-33, unjiniyela wama-33 kanye nebutho lempahla. Njengoba ungase uqagele, ukuhlukana kwakungaphelele, noma kunalokho, amandla ayo okulwa ayengekho ngaphezu kwalawo ebutho eliqinisiwe.

I-21st Panzer Division, ngaphansi komyalo kaLieutenant General Georg von Bismarck, yayinenhlangano efanayo, futhi izinombolo zayo ze-regimental ne-battalion zazimi kanje: 5th Panzer Regiment, 104th Motorized Rifle Regiment, 155th Artillery Regiment, 3rd reconnaissance-battalion-battalion I-tank squadron, ibutho lonjiniyela lama-39. kanye neBattalion Yesiginali ye-200. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo mayelana nebutho lezikhali leqembu laliwukuthi esigabeni sesithathu, amabhethri amabili ayenama-Howitzers azishayelayo angu-200-mm ku-chassis yabathuthi base-French Lorraine - 150cm sFH 15-13 (Sf) noma u-GW Lorraine Schlepper. (f). I-1st Panzer Division yayisebuthakathaka empini futhi yayinezikhulu ezingu-21, izikhulu ezingathunywanga ezingama-188 namasosha angu-786, isamba esingu-3842 ngokumelene nabantu abavamile (atypical) abangu-4816. Bekukubi kakhulu ngemishini, ngoba uphiko lwalune-6740 PzKpfw II, 4 PzKpfw III (19 mm cannon), 37 PzKpfw III (7 mm cannon), eyodwa PzKpfw IV (imigqomo emifushane) kanye ne-PzKpfw IV eyodwa (emigoqo ende), Amathangi angama-50 Konke kuhamba ngohlelo.

I-90th Light Division, ngaphansi komyalo ka-Armored General Ulrich Kleemann, yayinamabutho amabili ahamba kancane ahamba kancane amabutho amabili: i-155th Infantry Regiment kanye ne-200th Infantry Regiment. Enye, yama-361, yanezelwa kuphela ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1942. Eyakamuva yayihlanganisa amaJalimane ayekhonza eButhweni Lezempi Lamazwe Ngamazwe LaseFrance kwaze kwaba ngu-1940. Njengoba ungase ucabange, lokhu akuzange kuchazwe kahle ngempahla yomuntu. Lesi sigaba siphinde sahlanganisa ibutho le-artillery le-190 elinama-howitzers amabili (isigaba sesithathu savela ngo-August 1942), kanti ibhethri lesithathu lesigaba sesibili lalino-10,5 cm Kanone 18 105 mm, izibhamu ezingu-580 esikhundleni se-Howitzers. ibutho lebutho lethangi, i-190th Signal Battalion kanye ne-190th Engineer Battalion.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DAK yayihlanganisa ukwakheka okulandelayo: i-605th anti-tank squadron, i-606th kanye ne-609th anti-aircraft squadrons.

Ikholomu yamathangi asheshayo e-Crusader II ahlome ngenganono engu-40 mm, ayefakwe ama-armored brigades amabutho ahlomile aseBrithani.

Ibutho lase-Italy iPanzerarmee Afrika lalinamasosha amathathu. I-17th Corps (Corps General Benvenuto Joda) yayihlanganisa i-27th Pavia Division kanye ne-60th Brescia Division; i-102nd Corps (Corps General Enea Navarrini) yayihlanganisa i-132nd Sabrata Division kanye ne-101st Division. th DPzmot "Trento" futhi njengengxenye ye-Trento i-XX Motorized Corps (Corps General Ettore Baldassare) ehlanganisa: 133rd DPanc "Ariete" kanye ne-25th DPZmot "Trieste". Ngokuqondile ngaphansi komyalo wamasosha kwakukhona i-XNUMXth Infantry Division "Littorio" kanye ne-XNUMXth Infantry Division "Bologna". AmaNtaliyane, nakuba ngokuvamile ayelandela amaJalimane, nawo alahlekelwa kakhulu futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwancipha kakhulu. Kuyafaneleka ukusho lapha ukuthi zonke izigaba zase-Italy zaziyi-regimental, hhayi ezintathu-regimental noma ezintathu-infantry, njengasemabuthweni amaningi omhlaba.

U-Erwin Rommel wahlela ukuhlasela izikhundla e-El Alamein ngoJuni 30, 1942, kodwa amasosha aseJalimane, ngenxa yobunzima bokulethwa kukaphethiloli, afika ezikhundleni zaseBrithani ngosuku olulodwa kamuva. Isifiso sokuhlasela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka sasisho ukuthi kwakwenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlakanipha okufanele. Ngakho-ke, i-21st Armored Division yahlangabezana ngokungalindelekile ne-Indian 18th Infantry Brigade, esanda kususwa ePalestine, eyayizivikele endaweni yase-Deir el-Abyad engaphansi kwe-Ruweisat ridge, ehlukanisa isikhala phakathi kogu ne-El Alamein. futhi i-Qattara Depression, icishe ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo ngesigamu. Amasosha aqiniswe ngezibhamu ezingama-10 23-pounder howitzers (25 mm), 87,6 16-pounder anti-tank guns (6 mm) kanye namathangi ayisishiyagalolunye eMatilda II. Ukuhlasela kwe-DPank yama-57 kwakuwujuqu, kodwa amaNdiya amelana nenkani, naphezu kokuntuleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kokulwa. Yiqiniso, kusihlwa ngoJulayi 21, i-Indian 1th BP yabhujiswa ngokuphelele (futhi ayizange idalwe kabusha).

Bekungcono i-15th Armored Division, eyeqa i-Indian 18th BP ukusuka eningizimu, kodwa zombili lezi zigaba zalahlekelwa amathangi azo angu-18 kwangu-55, kwathi ekuseni ngo-July 2 zakwazi ukufaka izimoto zokulwa ezingu-37. Yiqiniso, umsebenzi onzima wawuqhutshwa ezinkundleni zokusebenzela, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile imishini elungiswayo yayilethwa kulayini. Okubaluleke kakhulu, nokho, ukuthi usuku lonke lwalahleka, futhi ngalesi sikhathi uGeneral Auchinleck waqinisa izivikelo ekuhlaseleni okukhulu kwamaJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-90th Light Division iphinde yahlasela izindawo zokuzivikela ze-South African 1st Infantry Division, nakuba inhloso yaseJalimane kwakuwukukhipha izikhundla zamaNgisi e-El Alamein eningizimu futhi inqamule idolobha ngokuzulazula ngaselwandle empumalanga yalo. . Kwaze kwaba ntambama ngo-90 lapho u-Dlek wakwazi ukugqashula esitheni wazama ukufinyelela endaweni esempumalanga ye-El Alamein. Nalapha, kwalahleka isikhathi esibalulekile kanye nabalimala. I-15th Armored Division yalwa neBritish 22nd Armored Division, i-21st Armored Division yalwa ne-4th Armored Division, i-1st 7th Armored Division kanye ne-XNUMXth Armored Division ngokulandelana.