I-Dornier Do 217 ebusuku nasolwandle ingxenye yesi-3

Izindiza ezintsha azizange zivuse isasasa, abashayeli bezindiza bagxeka ukuhamba okunzima nokuhlalisa amasosha agcwele ngokweqile. Ukubekelwa amandla okuncane kakhulu kwenze kwaba nzima ukwenza amasu abukhali emoyeni futhi kwanciphisa izinga lokukhuphuka nokusheshisa. Umthwalo ophezulu endaweni ethwalayo unciphise ukuguqulwa okudingekayo ekulweni komoya.

Ehlobo lika-1942, kwaze kwaba ngu-217 J naye waqala inkonzo e-I., II. kanye ne-IV./NJG 3, lapho banikeze khona izinto zokusebenza zeqembu ngalinye. Le mishini yaphinde yathunyelwa ophikweni lokuqeqesha ukulwa i-NJG 101, olwalusebenza endaweni yaseHungary.

Ngoba i-Do 217 J, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, yayiyisisekelo esihle sokukhweza amathoni amane noma ayisithupha angu-151 mm MG 20/20 ku-fuselage yebhethri, njenge-Schräge Musik, i.e. izibhamu zidubula phezulu nge-engeli engu-65-70° lapho indiza ibheke khona, ngo-September 1942 i-prototype yokuqala ethi Do 217 J-1, W.Nr. 1364 ngezikhali ezinjalo. Umshini wahlolwa ngempumelelo kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kuka-1943 ngo-III./NJG 3. Izindiza zokukhiqiza ezihlome ngezikhali ze-Schräge Musik zaqokwa i-Do 217 J-1/U2. Lezi zindiza zathola ukunqoba kwazo kokuqala emoyeni phezu kweBerlin ngoMeyi 1943. Ekuqaleni, izimoto ziye zahlomisa okungu-3./NJG 3, kwase kuba yi-Stab IV./NJG 2, 6./NJG 4 kanye ne-NJG 100 kanye ne-101.

Maphakathi no-1943, ukuguqulwa okusha kwe-Do 217 H-1 kanye ne-H-2 night fighters kwafika ngaphambili. Lezi zindiza bezifakwe izinjini ezisemgqeni ze-DB 603. Indiza yalethwa ku-NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 100 kanye ne-NJG 101. Ngo-August 17, 1943, kufika ku-217 J/N yabamba iqhaza emisebenzini yansuku zonke yokulwa namabhomu aseMelika anenjini emine ayehlasela. imboni eginqikayo e-Schweinfurt kanye nefekthri yezindiza i-Messerschmitt e-Regensburg. Abasebenzi be-NJG 101 badubule ama-B-17 amathathu ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okuqondile, kanye no-Fw. U-Becker we-I./NJG 6 udubule ibhomu lesine lohlobo olufanayo.

Izindiza ezivela ku-NJG 100 kanye ne-101 nazo zasebenza phezu kwe-Eastern Front ngokumelene namabhomu e-Soviet R-5 kanye ne-Po-2 ebusuku. Ngo-April 23, 1944, indiza engu-4./NJG 100 yadubula amabhomu ayisithupha e-Il-4 ahamba ibanga elide.

NgoSepthemba nango-Okthoba 1942, ama-Do 217 J-1 amane athengwa yi-Italy futhi angena enkonzweni ne-235th CN Squadron ye-60th CN Group emiswe eLonate Pozzolo Airport. Ngo-February 1943, ezimbili i-Do 217 J ezazihlome ngezinsimbi ze-radar zalethwa e-Italy, nezinye ezinhlanu ezinyangeni ezintathu ezizayo.

Okuwukuphela kokunqoba komoya kwanqotshwa yi-Italian Do 217s ngobusuku bangomhla ziyi-16/17 kuJulayi 1943, lapho amabhomu aseBrithani ehlasela isizinda sikagesi samanzi saseChislado. Isivalo. U-Aramis Ammannato udubule ngokunembile iLancaster, eyaphahlazeka eduze kwedolobhana laseVigevano. NgoJulayi 31, 1943, amaNtaliyane ayeno-11 Do 217 Js, amahlanu kuwo ayelungele ukulwa. Sekukonke, izindiza zase-Italy zasebenzisa imishini engu-12 yalolu hlobo.

Entwasahlobo ka-1943, II./KG 100, eyayisesikhumulweni sezindiza saseKalamaki e-Athene cishe unyaka, yahoxiswa emsebenzini wokulwa, futhi izisebenzi zayo zadluliselwa esikhungweni saseHarz esiqhingini sase-Usedom, lapho ibutho lezempi lalisebenza khona. kwakufanele kuthuthwe. ukuhlomisa kabusha ngendiza ye-Do 217 E-5. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esikhumulweni sezindiza saseSchwäbisch Hall, ngesisekelo sabasebenzi be-KGR. 21 yakhiwe kabusha yaba yi-III./KG 100, eyayizohlonyiswa nge-Do 217 K-2.

Womabili la maqembu azoqeqeshwa futhi abe abokuqala eLuftwaffe ukuhlonywa ngamabhomu akamuva e-PC 1400 X kanye nama-Hs 293. Izimpaphe eziyi-cylindrical ezinesisindo esingu-1400 kg. Ngaphakathi kukhona ama-gyroscopes amabili ahamba phambili (ngalinye lizungeza ngesivinini esingu-1400 rpm) kanye nemishini yokulawula. Umsila we-dodecahedral wawunamathiselwe kusilinda. Ubude bebhaluni elinezimpaphe babuyi-120 m. Iziqinisi ezengeziwe zixhunywe emzimbeni webhomu ngendlela yamaphiko amane e-trapezoidal ane-span ye-29 m.

Engxenyeni yomsila, ngaphakathi kwezinsiba, kwakukhona imikhondo emihlanu eyayisebenza njengensiza ebonakalayo lapho iqondise ibhomu endaweni ethile. Umbala wama-tracer wawungakhethwa ukuze kubonakale amabhomu amaningana asemoyeni lapho ukwakheka kwamabhomu kuhlasela ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ibhomu le-PC 1400 X lawiswa ukusuka ekuphakameni okungamamitha angama-4000-7000. Esigabeni sokuqala sokundiza, ibhomu lawa eduze kwe-ballistic trajectory. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indiza yehlisa ijubane futhi yaqala ukukhuphuka, inciphisa amaphutha abangelwa i-parallax. Cishe imizuzwana engu-15 ngemva kokukhishwa kwebhomu, isibukeli saqala ukulawula ukundiza kwalo, sizama ukuletha umkhondo webhomu obonakalayo lapho kwakuhloswe khona. U-opharetha wayelawula ibhomu esebenzisa amaza omsakazo ngelever yokulawula.

Imishini yomsakazo, esebenza kumafrikhwensi asondele ku-50 MHz eziteshini ezihlukene eziyi-18, ihlanganisa isidluliseli se-FuG 203 Kehl esisendizeni kanye nesamukeli se-FuG 230 Straßburg esitholakala ngaphakathi kwengxenye yomsila webhomu. Isistimu yokulawula yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukulungisa ukukhishwa kwebhomu ngo-+/- 800 m lapho indiza ibheke khona futhi +/- 400 m kuzo zombili izinkomba. Imizamo yokuqala yokufika yenziwa e-Peenemünde kusetshenziswa i-Heinkel He 111, futhi eyalandela, entwasahlobo ka-1942, esikhungweni sase-Foggia e-Italy. Ukuhlola kube yimpumelelo, kwafinyelela emathubeni angu-50% okushaya umgomo ongu-5 x 5 m lapho wehliswa usuka endaweni ephakeme engu-4000 kuya ku-7000 m. Ijubane lokuqhuma kwamabhomu lalingaba ngu-1000 km/h. I-RLM ifake i-oda le-1000 Fritz Xs. Ngenxa yokubambezeleka okubangelwa izinguquko ohlelweni lokulawula amabhomu, ukukhiqizwa kochungechunge akuzange kuqale kuze kube ngu-April 1943.

uphrof. UDkt. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-30, u-Herbert Wegner, owayesebenza efekthri yakwaHenschel eBerlin-Schönefeld, waba nesithakazelo ekuklameni umcibisholo ocitshwayo oqondiswa umkhumbi owawungawiswa kubhomu ngaphandle kokufinyelela kwezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza ezihlaselwe. imikhumbi. Umklamo wawusekelwe ku-500-kg ibhomu i-SC 500, kuhlanganise ne-325 kg ye-explosive, isidumbu sayo esasiphambi kwe-rocket, futhi engxenyeni yayo engemuva kwakukhona imishini yomsakazo, i-gyrocompass kanye neyunithi yomsila. Amaphiko e-trapezoidal ane-span ye-3,14 m ayenamathele engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-fuselage.

Injini ye-rocket ye-Walter HWK 109-507 e-liquid-propellant yafakwa ngaphansi kwe-fuselage, eyasheshisa i-rocket ngesivinini esingu-950 km / h ngamasekhondi angu-10. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokusebenza kwenjini sasifika kumasekhondi angu-12, ngemva kokusebenza kwayo i-rocket iguqulwe yaba ibhomu elizungezayo elilawulwa imiyalo yomsakazo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwendiza yebhomu le-hover, elaqokwa i-Henschel Hs 293, kwenziwa ngoFebhuwari 1940 eKarlshagen. I-Hs 293 yayinamandla abulalayo aphansi kakhulu kune-Fritz X, kodwa ngemva kokwehliswa isuka ku-8000 m ukuphakama, yayikwazi ukundiza ifike ku-16 km. Imishini yokulawula yayihlanganisa isidlulisi somsakazo se-FuG 203 b Kehl III kanye nesamukeli se-FuG 230 b Straßburg. Ukulawula kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-lever ku-cockpit. Ukukhomba lapho bekuhlosiwe khona kwakwenziwa izinto zokulandela umkhondo ezibekwe emsileni webhomu noma ngethoshi elisetshenziswa ebusuku.

Phakathi nokuqeqeshwa kwezinyanga ezintathu, izisebenzi kwakudingeka zifunde imishini emisha, njengezindiza ze-Do 217, futhi zilungiselele ukulwa zisebenzisa amabhomu aqondiswayo. Isifundo ngokuyinhloko sasihlanganisa izindiza ezihamba isikhathi eside, kanye nokusuka kanye nokuhlalisa ngomthwalo ogcwele, i.e. ibhomu eliqondisiwe ngaphansi kwephiko elilodwa kanye nethangi eyengeziwe engu-900 l ngaphansi kolunye uphiko. Iqembu ngalinye lenze izindiza eziningana ebusuku nezingenasisekelo. Izingqapheli zaphinde zaqeqeshelwa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi asetshenziswa ukulawula indlela ibhomu elihamba ngayo, okokuqala emshinini wokulingisa waphansi bese kuba semoyeni kusetshenziswa amabhomu okuzijwayeza angalayishiwe.

Abasebenzi baphinde bathatha inkambo yokuphahlazeka ekuhambeni kwezulu, izikhulu ze-Kriegsmarine zethula abashayeli bezindiza ngamasu emikhumbi yempi futhi bafunda ukubona izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhumbi nemikhumbi evela emoyeni. Abashayeli bezindiza baphinde bavakashela imikhumbi eminingi yase-Kriegsmarine ukuze bafunde ngempilo yasemkhunjini futhi bazibonele ngokwabo amaphutha edizayini angaba khona. Into yokuqeqeshwa eyengeziwe kwakuyinkambo yokuziphatha lapho uhlala emanzini kanye namasu okusinda ezimweni ezinzima. Ukuhla nokwehla kwamaphontoni anesihlalo esisodwa nesine emishinini egcwele yezindiza kwenziwe ngendlela enengekayo. Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi nokusebenza nge-transmitter kwakwenziwa.

Ukuqeqeshwa okujulile akuzange ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphila, izindiza ezimbili zokuqala kanye nabasebenzi bazo balahleka ngoMeyi 10, 1943. U-Degler uphahlazeke ibanga elingu-1700 m ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-Harz ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenjini efanele i-Do 217 E-5, W.Nr. Izisebenzi ze-5611 zafa, futhi uLt. Hable washayisa i-Do 217 E-5, W.Nr. 5650, 6N + LP, eduze kwase-Kutsov, 5 km ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-Harz. Nakulokhu, bonke abasebenzi bashonile kule ngozi eshile. Ekupheleni kokuqeqeshwa, ezinye izindiza ezintathu zase ziphahlazekile, kwashona izisebenzi ezimbili ezigcwele kanye nomshayeli wendiza yesithathu.

Amabhomu e-Do 217 E-5, ayingxenye yemishini ye-II./KG 100, athole ama-ETC 2000 ejector ngaphansi kwephiko ngalinye, ngaphandle kwama-nacelles enjini, aklanyelwe ukufaka amabhomu e-Hs 293 noma ibhomu elilodwa le-Hs 293 kanye nelinye elengeziwe. ithangi likaphethiloli elinamandla angama-900 l. Izindiza ezihlome ngale ndlela zingahlasela isitha zisuka ku-800 km noma 1100 km. Uma leli thagethi lingatholwa, indiza ingahlala namabhomu e-Hs 293 enamathiselwe.

Njengoba amabhomu e-Fritz X kwadingeka ehliswe esuka endaweni ephakeme, ayehlome ngendiza i-Do 217 K-2 okungeye-III./KG 100. Amabhomu athole ama-ETC 2000 ejector amabili afakwe ngaphansi kwamaphiko phakathi kwe-fuselage ne-nacelle yenjini. Endabeni yokulenga ibhomu elilodwa likaFritz X, uhla lokuhlasela lwaluyi-1100 km, namabhomu amabili eFritz X lwehliswa lwaba ngu-800 km.

Ukusebenza kokulwa nazo zombili izinhlobo zamabhomu ahamba phambili kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izinkundla zezindiza ezinobubanzi obuqinile kanye nomzila wendiza obuncane obungamamitha angu-1400. Ukulungiselela i-sortie ngokwayo kuthathe isikhathi esiningi kunasekuhlomiseni indiza ngamabhomu endabuko. Amabhomu azulazulayo awakwazanga ukugcinwa ngaphandle, ngakho amiswa ngaphambi nje kokwethulwa. Khona-ke ukusebenza komsakazo nezilawuli kwadingeka kuhlolwe, ngokuvamile okwakuthatha okungenani imizuzu engu-20. Isikhathi esiphelele sokulungiselela ibutho elizosuka lalicishe libe amahora amathathu, esimweni salo lonke iqembu, amahora ayisithupha.

Inani elinganele lamabhomu laphoqa abasebenzi ukuthi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamabhomu e-Fritz X ukuze bahlasele imikhumbi yesitha ehlome kakhulu, kanye nabathwali bezindiza kanye nemikhumbi yomthengisi emikhulukazi. I-Hs 293 bekufanele isetshenziswe kukho konke okuhlosiwe kwesibili, okuhlanganisa nama-light cruiser.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhomu e-PC 1400 X kwakuncike esimweni sezulu, ngoba ibhomu kwakudingeka libonakale kumuntu obukele kulo lonke indiza. Izimo ezifanele kakhulu ukubonakala okungaphezu kuka-20 km. Amafu angaphezu kuka-3/10 kanye nesisekelo samafu esingaphansi kuka-4500 m awazange avumele ukusetshenziswa kwamabhomu e-Fritz X. Esimeni se-Hs 293, izimo zomoya zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Isisekelo samafu kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 futhi okuqondiwe kufanele kubonakale.

Iyunithi encane yamaqhinga yokwenza ukuhlasela ngamabhomu e-PC 1400 X kwakuwukuba iqembu lezindiza ezintathu, esimweni se-Hs 293 lokhu kungaba ipheya noma ibhomu elilodwa.

Ngo-July 10, 1943, i-Allies yaqala i-Operation Husky, okungukuthi, indawo yokuhlala eSicily. Iqoqo elikhulu lemikhumbi ezungeze isiqhingi kwaba umgomo omkhulu we-Luftwaffe. Ngobusuku bangomhla zingama-21 kuJulayi 1943, ama-Do 217 K-2 amathathu asuka ku-III./KG 100 aphonsa ibhomu elilodwa le-PC 1400 X echwebeni lase-Augusta eSicily. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, ngoJulayi 23, ukhiye we-Do 217 K-2s wahlasela imikhumbi esuka echwebeni laseSyracuse. NjengoFv. I-Stumpner III./KG 100:

Umkhuzi omkhulu wayewuhlobo oluthile lwe-lieutenant, angisikhumbuli isibongo sakhe, inombolo yesibili yayingu-fv. Stumpner, inombolo yesithathu Uffz. Meyer. Sesivele sisondela eStrait of Messina, sabona abagibeli ababili bemikhumbi beboshiwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-8000. Ngeshwa, umlawuli wokhiye wethu akazange ababone. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungabonakali ikhava yokuzingela noma umlilo wezikhali ezilwa nezindiza. Akekho owasihlupha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwadingeka sijike futhi siqale umzamo wesibili. Okwamanje, siye saqashelwa. Izikhali ezisindayo ezilwa nezindiza zaphendula, futhi asizange siphinde siqale ukuhlasela, ngoba umkhuzi wethu ngokusobala akazange ababone abagibeli bemikhumbi kulokhu.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izingcezu eziningi zazishaya isikhumba semoto yethu.