Izinkinga zokumiswa kwemoto - indlela yokuthola, ukuqeda
Okuqukethwe
Uma kunezimpawu zokuguqulwa, izingxenye eziningi kufanele zishintshwe: i-axle, ama-bushings kanye nama-levers aphezulu / aphansi, ama-ball bearings, amabhlogo athule, amathayi, iziphethu, ama-anthers, amahinge, amashidi e-torsion bar, i-valve yokucindezela, izimpawu ze-stem.
Uma kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle kokumiswa kwemoto, kuyaphuthuma ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuphelele kwemoto. Ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kuphela kwezingxenye ezigugile kungaqinisekisa ukugibela okunethezekile nokungenazinkinga.
Kungani i-suspension iphuka emotweni
Izinto zegiya eligijimayo zihlanganisa izinduku zokuzinzisa, izinto zokudonsa ukushaqeka, amabhlogo athule, iziphethu namahinge. Zonke lezi zindlela zihlanganisa umzimba namasondo endaweni yesikhulumi esisodwa, okwenza imoto ibe nokuzinza nokuhamba kahle emgwaqeni. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, lezi zinyunithi zokumiswa zivezwa emithonjeni yemvelo enolaka kanye nemithwalo yokushaqeka, okuholela ekugqokeni kwazo ngokushesha.
Isilinganiso sempilo yesevisi yeyunithi yokumiswa ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60-60. Lesi sibalo singandiswa izikhathi ezi-3 uma ushayela kumathrekhi ayisicaba, ugweme imigodi nemigodi. Ngakho-ke isiphetho sokuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuphuka kwalolu phiko ukuhamba njalo emigwaqweni enezimo ezingezinhle zomgwaqo. Phakathi kwezinye izici ezithinta impilo yezinto ezingaphansi kwe-undercarriage, okulandelayo kungaphawulwa:
- ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa izingxenye;
- izici zokuklama zomshini;
- isitayela sokushayela somshayeli.
Abakhiqizi bahlomisa imishini ngesistimu ye-multi-link, i-elastokinematics, izithasiselo zokushaqeka ezilungisekayo nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Kodwa umkhawulo wokuphepha walezi zindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ngezinye izikhathi uphansi kunalowo wamamodeli alula we-90s. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi manje onjiniyela bagxile ekuthuthukiseni ukulawuleka kwemoto, hhayi emandleni e-chassis. Ngakho-ke, izimoto zivame ukusebenzisa izinto ze-alloy ezilula ukuze zinciphise isisindo esingaphumi noma zifake amathayi amakhulu, aphansi.
Okuningi kuncike ekusebenzeni ngokucophelela kwemoto. Isibonelo, uma ungahlanzi imithombo ekungcoleni, ungavuseleli ungqimba lwe-anti-corrosion coating nabo, khona-ke lezi zingxenye zizogqwala ngokushesha futhi zingase ziqhume. Nabathanda “ukukhukhuleka”, babhuleke kakhulu bajikise isiteringi uma beshayisa umgodi, basheshise ukuguga kwama-anti-roll bar. Lesi sakhi siphinde sithinteke kabi ngokupaka nge-engeli enkulu engemuva.
Iyini i-suspension yangaphambili yemoto
Izimpawu zokumiswa okuphukile
Ezimweni eziningi, inkinga ye-chassis ingahlulelwa ngemisindo engaphandle ngenkathi ushayela ezindaweni ezingalingani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli unezinkinga ngokuqondisa. Ezinye izinkinga zingabonakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwemoto (isibonelo, ibhuthi elihlangene lebhola elidabukile).
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zezinkinga zokumiswa:
- ukulahlekelwa umzila wemoto lapho ungena ejikeni;
- ukusebenza okuvamile nokungenangqondo kohlelo lokuvikela ukushushuluza;
- roll eqinile kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzinza ngesikhathi sokuqondisa;
- ukudlidliza komzimba isikhathi eside ngemva kokunqoba ama-bumps noma ukubhuleka kungazelelwe;
- "ukuphazamiseka" kokumiswa;
- ukudlidliza, ukungqongqoza kanye nokuqhweba lapho ushayela emgwaqeni omubi nasemakhoneni;
- imoto iholela "kwesokunxele" noma "kwesokudla" emgqeni oqondile;
- kuncishiswe kakhulu imvume yomhlaba lapho ulayisha imoto;
- ukugqokwa kwamasondo angalingani;
- endaweni yokupaka smudges kusukela okokugcoba.
Uma kutholakala uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu, thintana nesikhungo sesevisi ngokushesha. Bazohlola ngokuphelele umshini bese beshintsha izingxenye ezinephutha.
Izimbangela zokwehluleka
Ngokuyisisekelo, zonke izingxenye ezimisiwe ziyahluleka ngokushesha ngenxa yohambo oluvamile ezindaweni ezingalingani kanye nesitayela sokushayela esinolaka. Ikakhulukazi uma umshayeli endizela emgodini ngesondo lokuqondisa noma i-pedal pedal ecindezelekile.
Ukumiswa okuzimele
Uhlu "lwezilonda" zengxenye ngayinye yokumiswa:
- Ama-stabilizer struts ayahluleka ngenxa yokushayisana nama-curbs nezinye izithiyo.
- Ama-absorber othusayo ayesaba ukungcola. Yona, ngemva kokudabula ama-anther enjoloba edabukile, yandisa ukungqubuzana nokuguga kwezinto ezihambayo.
- Amabhulokhi angasho lutho acekelwa phansi amakhaza, ukushisa namakhemikhali.
- Amahinge wezinsiza anciphisa ukushaya kanzima kusuka kumaqhubu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwerabha yephrofayili ephansi.
- Iziphethu ziyazwela ekulayisheni kwemoto kanye nokugqwala okuvela kukungcola.
Ezinye izimbangela zokwehluleka ukumiswa zihlanganisa:
- ikhwalithi yokwakha engalungile noma amaphutha esakhiwo;
- ukwephulwa kwama-angles wokufaka amathayi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa;
- "ukulungisa" akuhambisani nemithethonqubo.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ezinye izingxenye ezinephutha zemoto (isibonelo, isistimu yokudlulisela, amabhuleki, umsebenzi womzimba, ukuqondisa) kungalimaza ukumiswa.
Indlela yokubona ukungasebenzi kahle
Ukuze uhlole ngokugcwele ukumiswa nokukhomba imbangela yenkinga, imoto kufanele iqhutshwe "emgodini". Bese ubheka zonke izimpawu zenjoloba, izembozo, amabhlogo athule, amalunga ebhola, izinto zokubopha, iziphetho zenduku yokubopha. Uma zonakalisiwe, izingxenye kufanele zishintshwe.
Uma imvume isiye yaba ngaphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe, khona-ke iziphethu "ziyehlile".
Amabhlogo athule ahlolwa ngokuhamba. Uma kungekho squeak, dlala futhi uphawu lwenjoloba alulimele, khona-ke konke kuhlelekile.
Kulula ukwahlulela isimo sama-bearings ngemva kokushwiba umzimba wemoto phezulu naphansi. Uma umshini uguquguquka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2, ingxenye kufanele ishintshwe.
Ungakwazi ukubona ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-guiding bushing kanye namathiphu ngama-lapel futhi udiyazele emaceleni e-rack kanye ne-pinion steering wheel.
Uma umsindo ofanayo uzwakala ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, khona-ke isimo sokuthwala isondo kufanele sihlolwe. Akufanele idlale uma isondo lingasontekile.
Izindlela zokuqeda ukuphuka
Uma kunezimpawu zokuguqulwa, izingxenye eziningi kufanele zishintshwe: i-axle, ama-bushings kanye nama-levers aphezulu / aphansi, ama-ball bearings, amabhlogo athule, amathayi, iziphethu, ama-anthers, amahinge, amashidi e-torsion bar, i-valve yokucindezela, izimpawu ze-stem.
Ukumiswa kwamasondo angemuva
Kepha, ezinye izingxenye ze-chassis zingalungiswa zodwa ngaphandle kokufaka izingxenye ezintsha:
- Uma kukhona ukuntuleka kokugcoba kumahinge we-rack, gcoba izakhi.
- Uma ama-fasteners we-shock absorber ne-piston ekhululekile, bese uqinisa amantongomane.
- Ubakaki ogobile, i-frame spar nensika yomzimba - qondisa.
- Ukuvunyelwa okungalungile kuma-bearings - lungisa.
- Ukungalingani kwesondo - yenza ukulungisa okulungile.
- Ukuguga okungalingani - Gxilisa amathayi abe kwejwayelekile.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kokumiswa kwemoto, umthwalo kuwo wonke ama-chassis node uyakhula. Uma ubambezela ukulungisa, kungaholela esimweni esiphuthumayo emgwaqeni.
