Amathiphu okuqondisa angalungile: izimpawu nokushintshwa
Okuqukethwe
Ngokushesha noma kamuva, ukungqongqoza okucasulayo nokwethusayo kuqala ukubonakala ekumisweni ngaphambili kwemoto yomgibeli, ngezinye izikhathi okuhlotshaniswa nokujika kokuqondisa. Ngokuvamile imbangela iwukuba uthayi iziphetho. Abanayo impilo yesevisi ende ephula irekhodi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuxilonga iphutha ngesikhathi futhi ushintshe amathiphu.
Ukuqondisa, njengamabhuleki, akukubekezeleli ukushayela ukungasebenzi.
Inhloso yamathiphu okuqondisa nezinduku
Iziphetho zebhola zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-tie rod engalweni ejikelezayo ye-rack noma i-nuckle yokuqondisa, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lokumiswa kwemoto.
Banokuqina nokuntuleka kokuvunyelwa lapho besebenza ngendlela enikeziwe, kuyilapho bevumela induku ukuba ihambe ngokukhululekile ngokuhlobene ne-lever eduze kwe-angle ezindizeni ezihlukahlukene.
Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ukulingana okuqinile kwephini lebhola emzimbeni wehinge ngokuminyanisa kwawo ngesiphethu esinamandla ngamapulasitiki noma amalayini ensimbi anogcobo.
Idivayisi yokubeka isiteringi
Iningi lezimoto zabagibeli zisebenzisa i-rack kanye nohlobo lwe-pinion indlela yokuqondisa. Ngokwesakhiwo, iqukethe:
- umzimba wemishini;
- ama-racks anegiya eliguquguqukayo ohlangothini olulodwa;
- igiya lokushayela elifakwe ekugcineni kwe-shaft yokufaka yokuqondisa;
- i-stop ecindezela i-rack ngokumelene negiya ukuqeda igebe phakathi kwamazinyo;
- misa iziphethu;
- izihlahla emzimbeni lapho ujantshi ushibilika;
- ama-rolling bearings, i-shaft yokufaka enegiya ijikeleza kuwo;
- izimpawu zikawoyela kanye nama-anther avala umzimba;
- isiteringi samandla, uma sihlinzekiwe.
Umzimba we-mechanism ugxilwe kusihlangu senjini engxenyeni engezansi noma ku-subframe yokumiswa kwangaphambili. I-rack shaft ixhunywe kukholomu yokuqondisa kuma-splines noma iflethi eyenziwe endaweni eyi-cylindrical.
Umshayeli ujikisa isondo lokuqondisa, edlulisela itorque kukholomu kushafti yokufaka. Ukubandakanywa kwephinikhodi ne-rack kuguqula ukunyakaza kwama-shafts kube irack yokuhumusha. Izinduku zokubopha zixhunywe emaphethelweni noma phakathi kwesitimela kusetshenziswa amalunga enjoloba-yensimbi noma amabhola, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye.
Izinduku zokugcina ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinamabhola ahlangene (ama-apula). Avalwe ngezivuno eziyisilinda ezigcina amahinge egcotshiwe futhi avikele ekungcoleni.
Iziphetho zesibili zenduku zixhunywe kumathiphu okuqondisa ngosizo lwezintambo ezinezintambo ezilawula i-toe-in yamasondo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iminwe yamathiphu inebhola elijikelezayo emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ama-liner, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-conical noma i-cylindrical surface yokuqiniswa ngama-lugs we-rotary levers. Ama-levers asebenza ngokuqondile kuma-knuckles noma ama-struts, okwenza izindiza zokuzungeza amasondo ziphambuke.
Izimpawu zezinkinga ze-Hinge
Amahinge amathiphu nezinduku zokuqondisa avikelwe izembozo zenjoloba. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuhluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamalunga ebhola ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kwalezi zimbozo zenjoloba (ama-anthers).
Amanzi nokungcola kungena emalungeni, okubangela ukugqwala nokuhuzuka kwempahla yeminwe namalayini. Amahinji aqala ukugoba, ijiyomethri yokukhuluma iyashintsha, bese kuvela nokudlala.
Izikhala eziwumphumela zizibonakalisa njengokungqongqoza ekumisweni. Kusukela esihlalweni somshayeli kunzima ukuhlukanisa le misindo nokuguga kwamanye amalunga e-suspension. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukubonakala kokungqongqoza kudinga ukuxilongwa ngokushesha.
Akufanele uthembe ukuthi ngokungqongqoza usengakwazi ukugibela isikhashana. Uma eminye imithombo inganakwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela ekhethekile, isibonelo, ukugqokwa kwe-stabilizer struts akusongeli imoto nganoma yini, ngaphandle kokungahambi kahle lapho ushayela, khona-ke ukudlala kumathiphu nezinduku zokuqondisa kuyingozi kakhulu.
Umunwe ungagxuma uphume endlini, okuzoholela ekujikeni kwesondo ngokushesha, imoto izolahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukulawula futhi, okungcono kakhulu, iphume emgwaqeni, okubi kakhulu, kunengozi yengozi enkulu ngethrafikhi ezayo. Ukuxilongwa kokumiswa kuyadingeka.
Ukungqongqoza kungakhishwa futhi ngamajoyinti enduku yokubopha agugile. Ubunjalo bomsindo buthi ukuhluka, kuncike kakhulu ekunyakazeni kwesondo lokuqondisa kunomsebenzi wokumiswa. Kodwa ngisho nokunyakaza okuqondile kwamathiphu, amandla aqinile futhi acindezelayo adluliselwa ezindongeni, ngakho-ke ukungqongqoza kusazoba khona. Ulwazi olunembile luzonikeza ukuxilonga ngokucophelela.
Ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwethiphu yokuqondisa
Ukudlala ithiphu lokuqondisa kuhlolwa kalula. Ngokuguga okukhulu, umunwe uhamba ngokukhululeka emzimbeni ohlangothini lwe-longitudinal kusukela emandleni esandla.
Uma ukuxilongwa okunjalo kunzima, ungabeka isandla sakho ku-hinge, ucele umsizi ukuba anyakazise isondo lokuqondisa ezinhlangothini. Ukukhethwa kwegebe kuzozwakala ngokushesha ngesandla. Womabili amathiphu, kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, ahlolwe ngale ndlela.
Isibonakaliso sesibili sesidingo sokushintshwa kuyoba ukwephulwa kokuqina kwezembozo zenjoloba. Akufanele zibe nezinhlamvu zamafutha eziphumile, ezibonakala ngokucacile endaweni yangaphandle evame ukuba nothuli yenjoloba kathayela. Akwamukeleki nakakhulu uma izikhala nemifantu kugqama kahle ngokubukeka.
Awukwazi ukulinganiselwa ekushintsheni amabhuzu enjoloba, noma ngabe le ngxenye ihlinzekwa njengengxenye eyisipele. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukulandelela isikhathi sokuqala kwegebe, ngokuqinisekile, uthuli namanzi sekuvele kungene ngaphakathi kwehinge. Akunakwenzeka ukuyisusa lapho, i-hinge izoguga kakhulu ngisho noma ushintsha i-anther futhi wengeza i-lubricant.
Amahinge agoqekayo, lapho kwakungenzeka khona ukugeza, ukushintsha amafutha, ama-liner neminwe kade kunesikhathi esidlule. Ithiphu yokuqondisa yesimanje yinto engahlukaniseki, elahlwayo futhi ayikwazi ukulungiswa. Ayibizi, futhi iyashintsha ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi.
Ukuzishintsha kwethiphu yokuqondisa kusibonelo se-Audi A6 C5
Ukusebenza kulula, ubunzima bungavela kuphela lapho kukhona izintambo ezimuncu noma okunye ukuxhumana. Umsebenzi ungenziwa ngaphandle komgodi noma ukuphakamisa:
- umshini uphakanyiswa nge-jack, emva kwalokho ufakwe endaweni enokwethenjelwa, umsebenzi we-jack awuvunyelwe neze;
- ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, izinsimbi zamasondo ziyakhululwa, ngemuva kokulenga isondo ekugcineni lisusiwe;
- izixhumanisi ezinentambo zenduku enesihloko kanye nethiphu engalweni yokushwibeka kumanziswe kakhulu ngenhlanganisela engena njengokuthi "ukhiye owuketshezi" noma okokuthambisa okuwuketshezi okufanayo kwendawo yonke, enye ye-WD40 analogue;
- intambo yokuhlangana nokunamathela ichopho esweni lesibhakela kuyathukuluka;
- usebenzisa i-puller efanelekile noma isando esibukhali sishaya ohlangothini lwe-lateral, umunwe ukhishwa esweni;
- ithiphu ikhululiwe emkhonweni wokulungisa i-thrust;
- ingxenye entsha ifakwe ngokulandelana okuphambene, kungcono ukugcoba zonke izindawo eziseduze nge-lubricant ekhethekile enethusi ephaketheni le-aerosol, lokhu kuzovimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-asidi;
- ngaphambi komsebenzi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukulinganisa ubude benduku noma ukusebenzisa amamaki ukuze cishe ugcine inani lezinzwane, kodwa lokhu akuqedi ukulungiswa okuphoqelekile kokuma ngemva kokuqedwa komsebenzi.
Ngeke kwenzeke ukulondoloza ngokunembile i-angle yokuhlangana kwamasondo ngemva kokufaka amathiphu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izilinganiso zenziwe ngokucophelela kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, ukuvakashela i-toe kanye ne-camber yokulungisa ukuma kuyimpoqo, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ngakho-ke amathayi azosindiswa ekugqokeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa kwemoto.
