Ibhethri ayishaji

Uma ibhethri ayishaji, osekuneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5-7 ubudala, bese impendulo yombuzo: - "kungani?” amanga cishe ngaphezulu. Phela, noma yiliphi ibhethri linempilo yalo yesevisi futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lilahlekelwa ezinye zezici zalo eziyisisekelo zokusebenza. Kodwa kuthiwani uma ibhethri lingasebenzanga ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3, noma ngaphansi? Lapho-ke ukubheka izizathu Kungani ibhethri lingashaji? Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo asibonakali kuphela lapho ushaja kabusha kusuka ku-generator emotweni, kodwa ngisho nalapho ugcwaliswa ishaja. Izimpendulo zidinga ukufunwa kuye ngesimo ngokwenza uchungechunge lwamasheke kulandelwe izinqubo zokulungisa inkinga.

Imvamisa, ungalindela izizathu ezi-5 eziyisisekelo ezizibonakalisa ezimeni eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlukene:

Isimo	Okufanele ukhiqize
Amatheminali ane-oxidized	Hlanza futhi ugcobe ngamafutha akhethekile
Ibhande le-alternator eliphukile/elixegayo	Yelula noma ushintshe
Ibhuloho le-diode eliphukile	Shintsha i-diode eyodwa noma zonke
Isilawuli se-voltage esinephutha	Faka esikhundleni samabhulashi e-graphite nesilawuli ngokwaso
ukukhishwa okujulile	Khulisa i-voltage yokushaja noma wenze ukuguqulwa kwe-polarity
Ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte okungalungile	Hlola futhi ulethe kunani oyifunayo
Sulfation amapuleti	Yenza ukuhlehla kwe-polarity, bese kuba imijikelezo eminingana yokushaja okugcwele / ukukhishwa ngomsinga omncane
Elinye lamathini livaliwe	Izenzo zokubuyisela ibhethri elinenkinga enjalo azisebenzi

Izizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani ibhethri lingase lingashaji

ukuze ubhekane ngokuningiliziwe nakho konke ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ibhethri yemoto ayishaji, okokuqala, sichaze ngokucacile isimo:

ibhethri idonsa futhi idonsa ngokushesha

noma ku

ayikhokhi nhlobo (akavumi ukukhokhiswa)

Esikhathini esijwayelekile, lapho ibhethri lenqaba ukushajwa, izinketho ezilandelayo zivunyelwe:

• i-plate sulfation;
• ukubhujiswa kwamapuleti;
• i-oxidation yamatheminali;
• ukwehla kwe-electrolyte density;
• ukuvala.

Kodwa akufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokushesha, yonke into ayihlali imbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma inkinga enjalo iphakama ngenkathi ushayela (amasignali okukhanya kwebhethri abomvu). Kuyadingeka ukucabangela izimo ezikhethekile lapho ibhethri lomshini lingathathi icala kuphela ku-generator noma kushaja futhi.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ibhethri, nakuba ishajwe ngokugcwele, ihlala phansi ngokushesha okukhulu. Khona-ke isizathu singase singafihlwa kuphela ekuhlulekeni kwayo, kodwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanje! Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuthi: Ubukhulu obungavaliwe, ukukhanya kwangaphakathi noma abanye abathengi kanye nokungathintani kahle kwamatheminali.

Kunenombolo yamadivayisi angaphandle ohlelweni lokushaja ibhethri yemoto, okungase futhi kuthinte kakhulu ukusebenza kwebhethri ngokwayo kanye nenqubo yokushaja. ukuze uhlole wonke amadivaysi angaphandle, uzodinga i-multimeter (i-tester), izokuvumela ukuthi ulinganise i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri ngaphansi kwezindlela ezihlukene zokusebenza zenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Futhi kuzodingeka futhi uhlole i-generator. Kodwa lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela uma ibhethri ingafuni ukushajwa kujeneretha. Uma ibhethri ingathathi ukushaja kusuka kushaja, ngakho-ke kuyafiseleka ukuba ne-hydrometer ukuhlola ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi ibhethri alishaji?

Ibhethri ayishaji kusuka ku-alternator. Isibonisi sokuqala sokuthi ibhethri ayishajiwe yisibani sebhethri esivuthayo! Futhi ukuze uqiniseke ngalokhu, ungabheka i-voltage yebhethri. Amatheminali amabhethri kufanele abe no-12,5 ... 12,7 V. Uma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iqaliswa, amandla ogesi azokhuphukela ku-13,5 ... 14,5 V. Uma abathengi bavuliwe futhi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza, ukufundwa kwe-voltmeter kuvame ukugxuma ukusuka 13,8 kuya ku-14,3 ,14,6V. Ukungabikho kwezinguquko kusibonisi se-voltmeter noma uma inkomba idlula i-XNUMXV kukhombisa ukuwohloka kwejeneretha.

Uma i-alternator isebenza kodwa ingashajisi ibhethri, imbangela ingase ibe sebhethri ngokwayo. Ngokusobala ikhishwe ngokuphelele, ebizwa ngokuthi "kuya ku-zero", khona-ke i-voltage ingaphansi kuka-11V. I-Zero charge ingenzeka ngenxa ye-sulfation yamapuleti. Uma i-sulfation ingabalulekile, ungazama ukuyiqeda. Bese uzama ukuyishaja ngeshaja.

Ukuqonda kanjani lokho ibhethri ayishaji eshaja? Uma ibhethri lixhunywe eshajani, ubufakazi bokuthi ishajwe ngokugcwele amandla kagesi ashintshashintsha njalo kumatheminali kanye nogesi ogxumayo noma izinkomba zamanje ocingweni lokudayela. Uma inkokhiso ingahambi, ngeke kube khona ushintsho. Uma ibhethri lingakhokhiswa kusuka kushaja yohlobo lwe-Orion (enezinkomba kuphela), kuvame ukukwenzeka ukubona i-buzz kanye nokubaneka okungajwayelekile kwesibani “samanje”.

Ibhethri yemoto ayishajwa i-alternator. Kungani?

Izimbangela ezijwayelekile lapho ibhethri lingashaji lisuka kujeneretha yilezi:

1. I-oxidation yamatheminali ebhethri;
2. Ukwelula noma ukuphuka kwebhande le-alternator;
3. I-oxidation yezintambo ku-generator noma emhlabathini wemoto;
4. Ukwehluleka kwama-diode, isilawuli se-voltage noma amabhulashi;
5. Sulfation amapuleti.

Ngenxa yalokho ibhethri lingase lingashajwa eshaja

izizathu eziyisisekelo ngenxa yokuthi ibhethri yemoto akafuni ukushajwa hhayi kuphela kusuka generator kodwa futhi ishaja kungaba 5:

1. Ukukhishwa okujulile kwebhethri;
2. Ukuvalwa kwelinye lamathini;
3. I-hypothermia yebhethri;
4. I-electrolyte ephezulu kakhulu noma ephansi;
5. Ukungcola kwangaphandle ku-electrolyte.

Yini ongayenza uma ibhethri lemoto yakho lingashaji?

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola imbangela, bese uthatha isinyathelo sokuyiqeda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukala i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri, hlola izinga, ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte nombala wayo. kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola ngokubonakalayo ubuso bebhethri, izintambo ezizenzakalelayo, futhi nokunquma ukuvuza kwamanje ngaphandle kokwehluleka.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe imiphumela engaba khona yembangela ngayinye yokusebenza kabi kwebhethri, futhi sinqume izenzo okudingeka zenziwe esimweni esithile:

I-oxidation yamatheminali okuxhumana kokubili kuvimbela ukuthintana okuhle futhi kukhuthaze ukuvuza kwamanje. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola ukushaja okusheshayo noma ukushaja okungazinzile / okungekho kujeneretha. Kukhona indlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ukubheka hhayi kuphela isimo samatheminali ebhethri, kodwa futhi ku-generator kanye nenqwaba yemoto. Amatheminali ane-oxidized ngokuqinile angaqedwa ngokuhlanza nokugcoba kuma-oxides.

ukwehlukana kwejeneretha (ibhande, isilawuli, ama-diode).

Ibhande eliphukile mhlawumbe ungaqaphela, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ngisho nokuxegisa kancane kungabangela ukushelela ku-pulley (kanye namafutha). Ngakho-ke, lapho abathengi abanamandla bevuliwe, ukukhanya kwephaneli kungase kukhanye futhi ibhethri izokhishwa, futhi enjini yokushisa yangaphakathi ebandayo, i-squeak ivame ukuzwakala ngaphansi kwe-hood. Ungalungisa le nkinga ngokwelula noma ngokufaka esikhundleni.

Ama-Diodes esimweni esivamile, kufanele badlule okwamanje kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa, ukuhlola nge-multimeter kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlonza iphutha, nakuba ngokuvamile bamane baguqule lonke ibhuloho le-diode. Ama-diode angasebenzi kahle angabangela kokubili ukushajwa okungaphansi kanye nokushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri.

Uma ama-diode ejwayelekile, kodwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ashisa kakhulu, ibhethri liyashajwa. Ubhekene nengcindezi umlawuli. Kungcono ukuyishintsha ngokushesha. Esimweni lapho ibhethri lingashajwa ngokugcwele, udinga ukunaka amabhulashi e-generator (ngemuva kwakho konke, aguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi).

Ngokukhishwa okujulile, kanye nokuchithwa okuncane kwesisindo esisebenzayo, lapho ibhethri ingafuni ukushajwa hhayi kuphela emotweni evela ku-generator, kodwa ngisho neshaja ayiboni, ungakwazi ukuhlehlisa i-polarity noma unikeze okuningi. i-voltage ukuze ibambe ukushaja.

Le nqubo ivame ukwenziwa ngamabhethri e-AVG lapho kukhona ngaphansi kwama-volts ayi-10 kumatheminali ayo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-polarity kukuvumela ukuthi uqale ibhethri elilahlwe ngokuphelele. Kodwa lokhu kuzosiza kuphela uma izigxobo ebhethri zishintshile ngempela, ngaphandle kwalokho ungenza umonakalo kuphela.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-polarity yebhethri (kokubili i-lead-acid ne-calcium) kwenzeka esimweni sokukhishwa okuphelele, lapho i-voltage yamanye amathini ebhethri anomthamo ophansi kunawo wonke, axhunywe ochungechungeni, ehla ngokushesha kakhulu kunamanye. Futhi njengoba isifinyelele ku-zero, njengoba ukukhishwa kuqhubeka, i-current for the lagging elements iqala ukushaja, kodwa iwakhokhisa ngokuphambene bese isigxobo esihle sibe ngu-minus, bese esibi sibe sivumayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha, isikhathi esifushane, amatheminali eshaja, ibhethri elinjalo lingabuyiselwa ekuphileni.

Kodwa khumbula ukuthi uma ukuguqulwa kwezigxobo ebhethri kungenzeki, khona-ke kungabikho ukuvikelwa esimweni esinjalo kushaja, ibhethri lingakhutshazwa unomphela.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-polarity kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ezimweni zokubunjwa kwe-plaque emhlophe ebusweni bamacwecwe.

Le nqubo izohluleka uma:

• amapuleti abhidlika futhi i-electrolyte yaba namafu;
• elinye lamathini livaliwe;
• akukho ukuminyana okudingekayo kwe-electrolyte ebhethrini.

I-Desulfation yenziwa kahle ngendlela yokuguqula i-polarity, kodwa akukho ngaphezu kuka-80-90% womthamo ongabuyiselwa. Impumelelo yenqubo enjalo ilele ezitsheni eziwugqinsi, ezincanyana zibhujiswa ngokuphelele.

Ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kukalwa ngo-g/cm³. Ihlolwe nge-densimeter (hydrometer) ekushiseni kuka +25 ° C, kufanele ibe ngu-1,27 g / cm³. Ilingana nokugxila kwesixazululo futhi incike ngokuphambene nezinga lokushisa elizungezile.

Uma usebenzisa ibhethri elilahlwe ngo-50% noma ngaphansi emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kweziro, lokhu kuzoholela ekubandeni kwe-electrolyte kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwamapuleti omthofu!

Qaphela ukuthi ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte ebhethrini kufanele kufane kuzo zonke izigaba. Futhi uma kwamanye amaseli kuncishiswe kakhulu, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuba khona kwamaphutha kuwo (okungukuthi, isifunda esifushane phakathi kwamapuleti) noma ukukhishwa okujulile. Kodwa lapho isimo esinjalo sibonwa kuwo wonke amangqamuzana, khona-ke ukukhishwa okujulile, i-sulfation, noma ukumane kuphelelwe yisikhathi. Ukuminyana okuphezulu kakhulu nakho akukuhle - kusho ukuthi ibhethri ibibila ngenxa yokushajwa ngokweqile ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-generator. Okuphinde kube nomthelela omubi nebhethri. Ukuqeda izinkinga ezibangelwa ukuminyana okungalingani, kuyadingeka ukusevisa ibhethri.

Izici zokugcinwa kwamabhethri omshini

Набор инструкций по корректному обслуживанию машинаных аккумуляторов разного типа. Особенности обслуживания гелиевого, щелочного и кислотного АКБ Подробнее

 

Nge sulfation kukhona ukuwohloka noma ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kwe-electrolyte namapuleti. Njengoba i-plaque ivimbela ukufinyelela kuketshezi olusebenzayo, ke umthamo webhethri wehla kakhulu, futhi ukuyishaja akunikezi noma yimuphi umphumela. I-voltage ikhuphuka kancane kakhulu noma ayishintshi nhlobo. Enjalo inqubo ayinakuhlehliswa.

Kodwa i-sulfation esigabeni sokuqala inganqotshwa uchungechunge lwemijikelezo yokushaja okugcwele nge-current encane kanye nokukhishwa okugcwele okunamandla amancane wamanje (isibonelo, ngokuxhuma i-bulb ye-12V 5W). Noma, indlela elula yokubuyisela ukuthulula isisombululo se-soda, esikwazi nokukhipha ama-sulfate emapuletini.

Ukuvalwa kwelinye lamathini kuwumphumela wokuwa kwamapuleti kanye nokuvela kodaka ngaphansi kwebhethri. Lapho uzama ukushaja ibhethri elinjalo, ukubila okuqinile kwe-electrolyte kuzobonwa, njengokushaja okugcwele. Ingxenye enesici izobila kodwa ingaphinde igcwale. Akukho okungasiza lapha.

Isilinganiso sempilo yesevisi yamabhethri esimanje yiminyaka emi-4 kuye kweyisi-6.

Izimbangela zokuwohloka kwamabhethri omshini wokuqalisa

Impilo yebhethri yebhethri ekhishiwe engu-25% incipha kakhulu uma:

• ukwephulwa kwe-generator kanye ne-voltage regulator;
• ukwehluleka kokuqala, okuholela ekwandeni kwamandla amanje noma ukwanda kwenani lemizamo yokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• i-oxidation yamatheminali ezintambo zamandla;
• ukusetshenziswa njalo kwabathengi abanamandla abanesikhathi eside sokuphumula esiminyaminyeni sezimoto;
• ukukhala okuphindaphindiwe kwe-crankshaft ngesiqalisi kodwa uhambo olufushane.

Izinga le-electrolyte eliphansi ngesikhathi sempilo yebhethri liphinde libe isizathu esibalulekile sokuhluleka kwebhethri ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, imbangela yokuhlukana kungaba:

• Ukuqapha okungajwayelekile kwezinga le-electrolyte. Ehlobo, isheke kufanele senziwe kaningi ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lifaka isandla ekuhwamukeni kwamanzi ngokushesha;
• Ukusebenza okujulile kwemoto (lapho mileage ingaphezu kuka-60 ayizinkulungwane km ngonyaka). Kudinga ukuhlola izinga electrolyte okungenani njalo 3-4 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane.

Ukumelwa okungokomfanekiso kwesimo lapho ibhethri ingashaji. infographics

Ukuze ukhulise isithombe, vele uchofoze esithombeni.

Author: Ivan Matiesin