Inhloso yokukhweza injini emotweni kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwayo

Inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yemithwalo isebenza kuyunithi yamandla esebenzayo yanoma iyiphi imoto:

• Ukusabela kusuka ekudluliselweni kwe-torque kuya kumasondo okushayela;
• Amandla avundlile ngesikhathi sokuqala, ukubhuleka kanzima nokusebenza kwe-clutch;
• Imithwalo eqondile lapho ushayela phezu kwamaqhubu;
• Ukudlidliza, amandla kanye nemvamisa okushintsha ngokulingana noshintsho lwejubane le-crankshaft;
• Isisindo sakhe senjini ehlanganiswe no-gearbox.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yomthwalo ithathwa ifreyimu (umzimba) wemoto.

Ukudlidliza kwe-High-frequency frequencies kungena ku-cabin, kuphazamisa ukunethezeka komshayeli nabagibeli. Ukudlidliza kwe-low-frequency kuzwakala esikhumbeni nasemzimbeni, nakho okungafaki lula uhambo.

Abanikazi bezimoto banenkinga yokuguquguquka kwefrikhwensi yomsindo ngokufaka ukufakwa komsindo okwengeziwe.

Izikhwezi zenjini ezisebenzisekayo kuphela ezingathambisa futhi zicindezele ukudlidliza kwefrikhwensi ephansi.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokukhweza injini

Izisekelo (imicamelo) yizindawo lapho injini kanye nebhokisi likagiya kugxilwe khona kuhlaka, kuhlaka olungaphansi noma emzimbeni wemoto.

Izisekelo zeyunithi yamandla zenzelwe ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngokuthembeka okuphezulu nokugqoka okuncane.

Ngokwesakhiwo, izisekelo eziningi zihlanganisa umzimba wensimbi owakhiwe ngaphambili onezici ezinwebekayo ezibekwe ngaphakathi ezimunca ukudlidliza futhi zidambise ukushaqeka. Amandla aguquguqukayo nawobude asebenza kuyunithi yamandla abonwa ngedizayini yomcamelo.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokukhweza injini:

• Yehlisa noma ucime ngokuphelele ukushaqeka neminye imithwalo eyunithi yamandla eyenzeka lapho imoto ihamba;
• Yehlisa ngempumelelo ukudlidliza nemisindo ekhiqizwe injini egijimayo futhi ingene ngaphakathi kwemoto;
• Susa ukunyakaza kweyunithi yamandla futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, unciphise ukuguga kwamayunithi okushayela (i-cardan drive) kanye nenjini ngokwayo.

Inombolo nendawo yezinjini zenjini

I-torque ekhiqizwe injini, ngokwemithetho ye-kinematics, ijwayele ukuguqula injini ibheke kolunye uhlangothi ekujikelezeni kwe-crankshaft ne-flywheel. Ngakho-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwenjini, izisekelo zayo zisebenza ngokucindezela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekucindezelekeni. Ukusabela kwezisekeli lapho umshini uhamba ngokuhlehla akushintshi.

• Ezimotweni ezinohlelo lwe-longitudinal lweyunithi yamandla, kusetshenziswa izisekelo ezine eziphansi (imicamelo). Abakaki benjini banamathiselwe ngaphambili kwezisekelo, bese kuthi u-gearbox ubekwe ngemuva. Zonke izisekelo ezine zezimoto zohlaka zinomklamo ofanayo.

Kumamodeli anomzimba we-monocoque, injini enebhokisi le-gearbox ifakwe ku-subframe, ngakho-ke ama-cushions e-gearbox angase ahluke kuma-mounts enjini.

• Ezimotweni eziningi ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, injini eno-gearbox ifakwe ezisekelweni ezintathu, ezimbili ezingezansi zibekwe phezu kohlaka oluncane bese kuthi eyesithathu engaphezulu imiswe.

Umcamelo ongenhla uhlukile ngokwesakhiwo kunezansi.

Kuyo yonke imiklamo, phakathi kwe-subframe namalungu asemaceleni omzimba, kufakwa izakhi zenjoloba ezinwebekayo ezimunca ukudlidliza.

Ungahlola isimo futhi uhlole izisekelo zeyunithi yamandla ngokuphakamisa imoto uyibeke endaweni ephakeme noma usebenzisa imbobo yokubuka. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukudiliza ukuvikela injini.

Usekelo oluphezulu luyafinyeleleka ukuze luhlolwe ngaphansi kwe-hood. Ngokuvamile, ukuze uhlole ukwesekwa okuphezulu, udinga ukususa i-plastic casing yenjini kanye nezinye zezingxenye zayo ngisho nemihlangano, njenge-air duct noma i-generator.

Uhlobo lokusekela kweyunithi yamandla

Kumodeli ngayinye, abenzi be-automaker bakhetha izikhwezi ze-powertrain ezinezici zokusebenza ezihamba phambili. Wonke amasampuli ahlolwa ezitendi nangesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangempela kolwandle. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqiwe kokukhiqizwa kwezinga elikhulu kuvumela iminyaka ukusebenzisa imicamelo yomklamo ofanayo emishinini ekhiqizwa ezisekelweni ezivamile.

Yonke imicamelo (izisekelo) zezimoto zanamuhla zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ngokuklama:

1. Irabha-insimbi. Bahlome cishe zonke izimoto ezinkulu kanye nesabelomali.
2. Umfutholuketshezi. Zisetshenziswa ezimotweni zamakilasi aphezulu nasezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokulandelayo, zihlukaniswa zibe:

• i-passive, nokusebenza okungapheli;
• esebenzayo, noma ephethwe, enezakhiwo eziguqukayo.

Ukuthi ukukhweza injini kuhlelwe futhi kusebenza kanjani

Zonke izisekelo (imicamelo), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziklanywe kanjani, zenzelwe ukulungisa ngokuphephile iyunithi yamandla ngokuhlobene nohlaka (umzimba) wemoto, ukudonsa noma ukunciphisa imithwalo eguquguqukayo nokudlidliza kube amanani amukelekayo.

Izisekelo ze-Rubber-metal zilula ekwakhiweni. Phakathi kweziqeshana zensimbi ezimbili kukhona izinsimbi ezimbili ezinwebekayo ezenziwe ngerabha (irabha yokwenziwa). Ibhawodi (i-stud) idlula eduze kwe-eksisi yesisekelo, iqinise injini kuhlaka oluncane futhi idale amandla ayinhloko kusisekelo.

Kumabhorelo enjoloba-yensimbi, kungaba nezakhi eziningana zenjoloba zokunwebeka okuhlukile, ezihlukaniswe ngama-washer-spacers ensimbi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphezu kwama-elastic liners, isiphethu sifakwe ekusekelweni, okunciphisa ukudlidliza kwe-high-frequency.

Ezimotweni zemijaho yezemidlalo, lapho izidingo zokunethezeka nokufakwa komsindo zincishiswa, kusetshenziswa ukufakwa komcamelo we-polyurethane, okuqinile futhi okungagugi.

Cishe zonke izisekelo zerabha-zensimbi ziyagoqeka, noma iyiphi ingxenye egugile ingashintshwa.

Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kokusekelwa okugoqekayo ngama-elastic liners kuchazwa yidivayisi yabo elula, ukugcinwa kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Ama-hydraulic bearings anciphisa cishe zonke izinhlobo zemithwalo nokudlidliza ohlelweni lomzimba wenjini.

Ipiston egcwele intwasahlobo ifakwe ku-cylindrical body ye-hydraulic support egcwele uketshezi olusebenzayo. I-piston rod igxilwe kuyunithi yamandla, isilinda esisebenzayo sesekelo sigitsheliswa kuhlaka lomzimba olungaphansi.Lapho i-piston ihamba, uketshezi olusebenzayo lugeleza lusuka kwesinye isilinda siya kwesinye ngamavalvu nezimbobo zepiston. Ukuqina kwemithombo kanye ne-viscosity ebaliwe yoketshezi olusebenzayo kuvumela ukusekela ukudambisa ngokushelela amandla acindezelayo nanamandla.

Ku-hydromount esebenzayo (elawulwayo), i-diaphragm ifakiwe eshintsha umthamo woketshezi emgodini ophansi we-cylinder futhi, ngokufanele, isikhathi nesivinini sokugeleza kwayo, lapho izakhiwo ezinwebekayo ze-hydromount zincike khona.

Izisekelo ezisebenzayo zama-hydraulic ziyehluka ngendlela ezilawulwa ngayo:

• Omakhenikha. Ngeswishi kuphaneli, umshayeli ulawula mathupha ukuma kwama-diaphragm kuzisekelo, kuye ngezimo zokushayela kanye nemithwalo kuyunithi yamandla.
• I-elekthronikhi. Umthamo woketshezi olusebenzayo kanye nokunyakaza kwama-diaphragms emigodini yokusebenza, i.e. ukuqina kwama-hydraulic bearings kulawulwa yi-on-board processor, ithola isignali kusuka kunzwa yesivinini.

Ama-Hydro bearings ayinkimbinkimbi ekwakhiweni. Ukuthembeka nokuqina kwazo kuncike ekungaguquki kwezakhiwo zoketshezi olusebenzayo, ikhwalithi yezingxenye, ama-valve, ama-seal namasongo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje kuye kwabangela ukuvela kohlobo olusha lwama-hydraulic bearings - olunokulawula okuguquguqukayo.

Uketshezi olusebenzayo kuma-hydromounts aguquguqukayo ukuhlakazwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane zezinsimbi kazibuthe. I-viscosity yoketshezi olusebenzayo lukazibuthe luyashintsha ngaphansi kwethonya lenkambu ye-electromagnetic eyenziwe ngamawindi akhethekile. Iphrosesa esebhodini, elawula izimo zokushayela zemoto, ilawula i-viscosity yoketshezi kazibuthe, ishintsha izakhiwo ezinwebekayo zezigingqiki ze-hydraulic ashukumisayo zenjini zisuka kwephezulu ziye kuziro.

Izigaxa zama-hydraulic ezilawulwa ngamandla ziyimikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo ukuzenza. Bahlome ngezimoto ze-premium, ukunethezeka nokuthembeka lapho umthengi enza izimfuno eziphezulu.

Bonke abakhiqizi bezimoto zesimanje balwela ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwemoto ngesikhathi sewaranti ngokulungiswa okungenzeka kuphela esikhungweni sesevisi esisemthethweni. Isifiso sokuthethelela ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo ngokwenza ngcono imikhiqizo kuholele ekususweni kwezigaxa zenjini yenjoloba-zensimbi ngama-hydraulic azo zonke izinhlobo, asevele athathelwe indawo yi-hydrodynamic.

Umnikazi wemoto entsha sha, olindele ukugibela iwaranti sonke isikhathi ngaphandle kwezinkinga nokulungiswa, umane ubophekile ukushayela imoto ngokucophelela nangokucophelela.

Bonke abashayeli abafuna ukushayela imoto esebenzisekayo abanconywa ukuthi balandele amazwi afana nokuthi "Ukusuka endaweni yesithathu - i-asphalt ukuya ku-accordion", "Isivinini esiningi - izimbobo ezimbalwa".