Emuva esikhathini esidlule: umlando we-Skoda - Skoda

Ungacabanga ukuthi u-Åkoda ungomunye wabakhiqizi bezimoto abane abadala kakhulu emhlabeni? Futhi namanje! Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesinye isikhathi inkampani yayilawula cishe yonke imboni ye-metallurgical yaseCzechoslovakia futhi yakhiqiza izimoto ezithuthukisiwe kangangokuthi ezinye zabonakala ziyinkimbinkimbi, njengebhokisi le-Tik-Takov. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi konke kwaqala hhayi ngemoto.

Редко бывает, чтобы линия торговца могла быть втиснута в одного человека с видением. Тогда мы были бы богами, и это подвергло бы опасности тех, кто «на горе». Поэтому сначала должны встретиться два человека, визионер и трейдер, чтобы мир перевернулся. Самое приятное, что они познакомились в конце века.

Sikhuluma ngamaVaclav amabili. Omunye wayenentshebe omunye enamadevu. Omunye wayengumgcinimabhuku, omunye engumakhenikha. UClement noLauryn bawushaya futhi ngo-1895 banquma ukwakha amabhayisikili. Kungani amabhayisikili? UClement wazithengela ibhayisikili lase-Germania VI, okwavela ukuthi lalingelowesifazane kangangokuthi kwakusabisa ukuligibela. Wakha eyakhe, isakhiwo esiqinile kakhulu, okuyinto uLaurin ayazisa - ndawonye bakha inkampani yaseSlavia, eyaqala konke. Kuphela ukuthi akwanele ukudala inkampani - udinga ukukhanya ngokuthile.

ULauryn noClement babelapho. Bakhangwa yizinto ezinjalo zobuchwepheshe futhi bathuthukisa ibhizinisi labo ngokushesha kangangokuthi izimbangi zaqala ukushaya amakhanda abo odongeni. Bawina imiqhudelwano yamabhayisikili, kwathi ngolunye usuku banquma ukunamathisela injini ebhayisikilini - ibhingo! Ngo-1898, "isithuthuthu" sabo saba isithuthuthu sokuqala sesimanje kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Futhi lokho akulutho - imiklamo ye-L&K yaqala ukubamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yemidlalo yezimoto. Omunye wabo wathola ukuhola okukhulu embuthanweni owawufunwa kakhulu waseParis-Berlin kangangokuthi… wakhishwa! Amajaji anqume ukuthi i-unicorn izogijima ngokushesha phambi kwendlu yabo kunokuba isithuthuthu sithembeke kangaka. Nokho - umklamo wawuqinile ngempela. Futhi ukukhangisa okunjalo kwakwanele ukuthi i-L&K ithakasele abathengisi abangamathrekhi amabili abavela cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Nokho, lokhu kwakunganele Vaclav, futhi ngo-1905 bakha imoto yokuqala - Voiturette. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi inkampani ngokushesha yaba umdlali omkhulu emhlabeni wezimoto, kodwa kwavela izinkinga ngokushesha - i-akhawunti yasebhange "yokoma".

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, inkinga yaxazululwa - inkampani ehlangene-stock yadalwa, amasheya awo athengiswa ngokushesha kunezingane ensimini. Ekugcineni, abaningi babefuna ukuzitholela okungenani ucezu lwebhizinisi eliyingqayizivele. Ngenhlanhla, uClement noLauryn abazange bagijimele kumthuthukisi ngemali futhi bathenge indlu enamagumbi amahlanu anendawo yeRottweiler epinki. Esikhundleni salokho, bakhanga onjiniyela abangcono kakhulu, ochwepheshe kanye nabadlali bezemidlalo, bathenga izimboni ezimbalwa ezincane futhi bakhulisa kakhulu ukunikezwa - kwakungenzeka ukuthenga izimoto zezemidlalo kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-limousine aphezulu kanye nama-SUV. Amageja azishayelayo kanye namarola omgwaqo ayebhekwa njengangcono kakhulu eYurophu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulutho, ngo-1912 inkampani yaba nesiphithiphithi sangempela.

I-L&K yanquma ukuthenga imboni yezimoto yakwaRAF. Futhi bekungeke kumangaze uma iRAF ibingamele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhiqizwa kwenjini emhlabeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukuhle ngokwanele ukuthi, ngemuva kokutholwa kwe-L&K, yaba enye yezinkampani ezine ezinelayisensi ngabakwa-Knight ukuhlanganisa ama-shafts ngisho nokuwaklama. Kodwa luyini uhlelo lwe-Knight ngempela? Kuze kube yilapho kusungulwa uhlelo lwesikhathi lwe-valve oluguquguqukayo olulawulwa nge-elekthronikhi ngeminyaka yawo-90s, lolu hlelo lwaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenjini okushelelayo. Cishe iphelele njengamayunithi angama-cylinder ayi-12 - futhi lokhu kwakungu-1912. Yiqiniso, lapho uhlanganisa le nto yonke, kwakuyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi ngemva kwesonto lokuhlanganisa amayunithi anjalo, ungathenga i-Neurosis, kodwa into eyinhloko lapha yayiwudumo. Phakathi nempi, inkampani ngokusobala ayizange imise ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, nakuba yayinaka kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli. Ngemva kwempi, waqala ngisho nokusebenza ezinjinini zezindiza, kodwa inkinga yayiwukuthi wayengazi lutho ngakho. Nokho, ukuqeqeshwa e-France kanye nelayisense lamayunithi anamandla we-3-row 12-cylinder Lorraine-Dietrich kwakwanele ukuthi i-L&K ijoyine abahamba phambili, ngoba babenenjini engu-12-cylinder ethengiswayo. UNkulunkulu usesiphepheni. Kodwa ngisho nendaba enhle kakhulu kufanele iwe ngolunye usuku. Ngo-1925, inhlekelele yezomnotho yahlasela umhlaba, futhi u-L & K kwadingeka ukuthi ngandlela thize bazisindise. Futhi qagelani? Lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa ne-Czechoslovak giant yesibili - Åkoda.

Ungaqagela ukuthi inkampani yakwaCody yayazi ngokukhiqizwa kwezimoto njengomfana ophathelene nezingane. Yebo, wazama ukukhiqiza izimoto ngaphansi kwelayisensi, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kwakuyi-metallurgy kanye ne-mechanics. Ifekthri yasungulwa ngo-1859 ngokomyalelo ka-Count Waldstein, nokuthi umbonisi wayenokuningi okufanayo njengePoland ngezigidigidi ze-akhawunti, ngakho ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 isemakethe, yavele yawa. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ifektri yathengwa khona umqondisi wayo wokugcina, u-Emil Akoda osemusha oneminyaka engu-27 ubudala.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kwakungumboni. Wabona okungaphezu nje kokuncibilika kwensimbi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho imboni enzima yayidlondlobala, ngakho u-Emil waqala ukuhlola i-pan-steel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhiqiza izibhamu, izimboni, futhi kamuva konke ukuthunyelwa kanye nokuqhutshwa kwemikhumbi. Iziphethu zakhe zamanzi zaze zafakwa e-Niagara Falls - ukungena okunjalo ku-resume kusamangalisa nanamuhla. Ngo-1899, u-Åkoda waguqulwa waba inkampani, futhi ngemva konyaka waba ukukhathazeka, ngoba u-Emil washona. Phakathi nempi, njenge-L&K, yayizibandakanya ekukhiqizeni izinjini zezindiza, futhi kamuva nezimoto ezinelayisensi. Uqhubekile nokuthatha izinkampani ezincane nezimboni ezimbalwa, waze wagcina ethola umdondoshiya wesibili - uL&K.

Ukuhlanganiswa kusize bobabili u-Laurin & Klement kanye no-Kod. Inkampani yashintsha igama layo yaba yi-Åkoda Group futhi yaba ngumdlali obalulekile emakethe. Ngo-1930, inkampani ye-ASAP yaze yahlukana nokukhathazeka, umsebenzi wayo, ngamafuphi, wawumane ukukhiqiza izimoto. Futhi wayeqhuba kahle. Lapho, ngo-1934, inkampani yanquma ekugcineni ukukhulula imoto engabizi kakhulu eyayingathengwa ngaphandle kokungcolisa uSathane, ngaphansi kwekhodi ethi 418 Popular, imakethe yahlanya. Eminye imikhiqizo yaseCzechoslovakian efana neTatra, iPrague ne-Aero yayisasebenza, kodwa cishe yayizoshintsha iplanethi ukuze uJoda kuphela angayithathi - futhi wayekuthanda ukuyenza. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkampani kwaphazanyiswa ukugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II.

Abakhuzi bezempi bacindezela ikhodi yokuphatha futhi bashintsha iphrofayili yenkampani kwezempi. Ngandlela thize, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi ukuhlasela kweCzech Republic kwenzeka khona ukuze kuthathwe inkampani. Kuyiqiniso - imboni yaseJalimane yayinobunzima ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwe-L&K-Å koda, kwakufana nensimbi yepulasitiki ngokumelene nesando somoya, ngakho ukuthola konke lokhu kwakudingeka nje ukuze kunqobe iYurophu nomhlaba. Yiqiniso, leli qembu laqhubeka nokukhiqiza izimoto, ngoba iCzech Republic ayizange ibambe iqhaza ngokukhethekile ekulweni, kodwa kusukela manje imboni yezempi yaba umsebenzi oyinhloko wenkampani. Nokho, kwakungekho okunye okwakungenziwa ngaphandle kokulinda - kwaze kwaba ngu-1946.

I-Czechoslovakia yaphinde yahlanganiswa futhi umbuso we-Akode wabuyiselwa ngokushesha futhi wathathwa umnotho wezenhlalakahle. Yashintsha igama layo yaba i-AZNP yaphenduka ingcindezi kuhulumeni, nakuba kwasala ukugxila ekukhiqizeni okungezona izimoto. E-Eastern Bloc, lokhu kwakungaphezu kwamandla. Ngama-40s, akukho neyodwa imodeli entsha eyakhiwe, abaklami kuphela, njengabantu abathintekayo, badweba amaphrojekthi amasha, lapho, ekugcineni, akekho owayenesithakazelo noma kunjalo futhi akazange abone umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo nephepha langasese. Ngoba ngangingafuni ukubona. Ukukhanya emhubheni kwavela ngo-1953. Umbuzo nje uwukuthi, ingabe lokhu ukuphela komhubhe ngempela, noma mhlawumbe i-intercity ibigijima iqonde e-Akod?

Kwakungekona ukuhlangana. Ekugcineni inkampani yakhipha i-Coda Spartak entsha, futhi ngo-1959 i-Octavia. Lesi sakamuva sabangela isiphithiphithi emakethe kangangokuthi ukuvakasha kukaSophia Loren ePoland akusho lutho kuye - inkampani kancane kancane yaqala ukubuyela phezulu futhi. Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, uhlelo lwalukhula njalo, izinkanyezi ezifana nemodeli engu-1000MB, uchungechunge lwe-100, 120 no-130 lwadalwa - esikhathini esithile esidlule sasikwazi ukuzibona emigwaqweni yethu. Izimoto zalo mkhiqizo zaba yisici ngendlela eyodwa - zazingama-limousine anenjini yangemuva. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, cishe akekho owakhiqiza imiklamo enjalo, okwenza u-Åkoda wangempela kakhulu kulokhu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho "i-velvet revolution" yaqeda khona inkathi yezenhlalakahle eCzechoslovakia, futhi i-Åkoda Favorit yagcina isebenze. Injini yangaphambili, idrayivu yamasondo angaphambili, inani elifanele, i-Bertone design - kwadingeka ithengiswe. Futhi yathengiswa, kuphela ngemva kokubhujiswa kokukhathazeka ngomnotho wesikhathi eside wezenhlalakahle, kwakunganele.

Isifiso sanoma iyiphi incekukazi ukuthola uhlangothi olufanele. I-Skoda ilandele lesi siphakamiso futhi yathola iVolkswagen ngo-1991. Kunalokho, iVolkswagen yayithola. Kulapho konke kwashintsha khona. Amathuba, inqubo yokukhiqiza, izimboni, imishini - Åkoda wayengumkhiqizi "owayenomzimba" wawo ngeminyaka yama-90s, kodwa wakhumbula i-Austria-Hungary ngokuthi "umoya" - iVolkswagen isanda kuwuvusa. Imiphumela ayizange ilinde isikhathi eside - uFelicia wangena emgqeni womhlangano ngo-1995, kodwa impumelelo yokuqala enkulu ngempela kwadingeka ilinde omunye unyaka. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho u-Octavia engena khona emakethe, eyakhiwe phezu kwesisekelo seVW Golf IV. Abantu baphuthuma kuye - waqoqa imiklomelo eminingana, wabona izinguqulo eziningana, futhi umncintiswano waqala ukuqasha ababikezeli benhlanhla nge-pendulum ukuthumela isifo emafektri aseGibhithe. Ngeze - ngo-1999, ngenxa kaFabia omncane, ukunakekelwa kwaba phezulu nakakhulu. I-Volkswagen yayazi ukuthi ngokutholwa komkhiqizo, izuze ochwepheshe abathile abalahlekile kodwa abamangalisayo, ngakho waphathisa inkampani iphrojekthi yokuqala enkulu.

U-Lkoda kwadingeka ukuthi akhe i-flooring entsha ye-Fabia, Polo ne-Ibiza endlini. Akwenziwanga ngaleyo ndlela, ngakho-ke kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ngemva kokuthola iphrojekthi, iziphathimandla ze-Volkswagen cishe zaqhubeka nomcimbi wokuhlanganisa othukuthele - umklamo wabonakala uphelele. Ngemva kwephrojekthi, u-Åkoda wanikezwa cishe inkululeko ephelele yokwenza okuthile ekudaleni nasekusungulweni kwezinguqulo ezintsha. Wasebenzisa ngokukhululekile impumelelo yezobuchwepheshe yeVolkswagen, ngezinye izikhathi eyayinikeza umbono wokuthi abafokazi babesebenza kubo. Ngenxa yalokhu, waba ihansi elizalela amaqanda egolide, futhi, naphezu kobunzima obukhulu obuye bavela, uyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza izimoto. Kwakuyindaba emnandi, ngenxa yokuthi eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule uClement wayengalithandi ibhayisikili lakhe elisha laseJalimane...