I-voltage yebhethri yemoto

Izinkomba ezibalulekile zebhethri amandla ayo, i-voltage kanye nokuminyana kwe-electrolyte. Izinga lomsebenzi kanye nokusebenza kocingo kuncike kubo. Emotweni, ibhethri linikeza i-cranking yamanje kusiqalisi ukuze iqale injini futhi inike amandla isistimu kagesi uma kudingeka. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi imingcele yokusebenza kwebhethri lakho nokugcina ukusebenza kwayo kubalulekile ukuze ugcine imoto yakho isesimweni esihle iyonke.

Amandla ebhethri

Okokuqala, ake sibheke incazelo yegama elithi "voltage". Eqinisweni, lokhu "ingcindezi" yama-electron akhokhisiwe, adalwe umthombo wamanje, ngokusebenzisa isifunda (wire). Ama-electron enza umsebenzi owusizo (izibani zamandla, ama-aggregates, njll.). Linganisa i-voltage ngama-volts.

Ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala i-voltage yebhethri. Ama-contact probe ocingo asetshenziswa kumatheminali ebhethri. Ngokusemthethweni, i-voltage ingu-12V. Amandla kagesi ebhethri angempela kufanele abe phakathi kuka-12,6V no-12,7V. Lezi zibalo zibhekisela ebhethrini eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele.

Lezi zibalo zingahluka kuye ngezimo zemvelo kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola. Ngokushesha ngemva kokushaja, idivayisi ingabonisa 13 V - 13,2 V. Nakuba amanani anjalo abhekwa njengamukelekile. Ukuze uthole idatha efanele, udinga ukulinda ihora elilodwa noma amabili ngemva kokulanda.

Uma i-voltage yehla ngaphansi kwama-volts angu-12, lokhu kubonisa ibhethri efile. Inani le-voltage kanye nezinga lokushaja lingafaniswa ngokusho kwethebula elilandelayo.

I-voltage, i-volt	Idigri yokulayisha, %
12,6 +	ikhulu
12,5	90
12.42	80
12.32	70
12.20	60
12.06	amashumi amahlanu
11,9	40
11,75	amashumi amathathu
11.58	amashumi amabili
11.31	10
10,5	0

Njengoba kubonakala etafuleni, i-voltage engaphansi kuka-12V ikhombisa ukukhishwa kwebhethri okungama-50%. Ibhethri idinga ukushajwa ngokushesha. Kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa, inqubo ye-sulfation yamapuleti iyenzeka. Ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kuyehla. I-Sulfuric acid ibola ngokubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali. Amafomu e-lead sulfate emapuletini. Ukushaja okufika ngesikhathi kuqala le nqubo ngakolunye uhlangothi. Uma uvumela ukukhipha okujulile, kuzoba nzima ukuvuselela ibhethri. Izohluleka ngokuphelele noma ilahlekelwe amandla ayo kakhulu.

I-voltage encane ibhethri engasebenza ngayo ingu-11,9 volts.

Kulayishiwe futhi kuthulwe

Ngisho nakuma-voltage aphansi, ibhethri liyakwazi ukuqalisa injini. Into eyinhloko ukuthi emva kwalokho i-generator inikeza ukushaja kwebhethri. Lapho iqalisa injini, ibhethri linikeza amandla amanje amaningi kusiqalisi bese ilahlekelwa ukushajwa kungazelelwe. Uma ibhethri lihlelekile, ukushaja kancane kancane kubuyiselwa kumanani ajwayelekile ngemizuzwana emi-5.

I-voltage yebhethri entsha kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-12,6 no-12,9 volts, kodwa la manani awahlali ebonisa isimo sangempela sebhethri. Isibonelo, ngokungenzi lutho, lapho kungabikho abathengi abaxhunyiwe, i-voltage ingaphakathi kwemingcele evamile, futhi ngaphansi komthwalo wehla kakhulu futhi umthwalo uphela ngokushesha. Kufanele kube njalo.

Ngakho-ke, izilinganiso zenziwa ngaphansi komthwalo. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa idivayisi efana nemfoloko yezimpahla. Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ibhethri ishajiwe noma cha.

Isokhethi iqukethe i-voltmeter, ama-contact probes kanye nekhoyili yokushaja endlini. Idivayisi idala ukumelana kwamanje okuwumthamo ophindwe kabili kunomthamo webhethri, ilingisa imanje yokuqala. Isibonelo, uma umthamo webhethri ungu-50Ah, idivayisi ishaja ibhethri kufika ku-100A. Into esemqoka ukukhetha i-resistor efanele. Ngaphezulu kwe-100 A uzodinga ukuxhuma amakhoyili amabili okumelana ukuze uthole ukufundwa okunembile.

Izilinganiso zokulayisha zenziwa ngebhethri egcwele amandla. Idivayisi ibanjwe imizuzwana emi-5, bese imiphumela irekhodwa. Ngaphansi komthwalo, i-voltage iyehla. Uma ibhethri lilihle, lizokwehla libe ngu-10 volts futhi kancane kancane libuyele ku-12,4 volts noma ngaphezulu. Uma i-voltage yehla ibe ngu-9V noma ngaphansi, ibhethri ayishaji futhi inephutha. Nakuba ngemva kokushaja ingabonisa amanani avamile ka-12,4V nangaphezulu.

Ubuningi be-Electrolyte

Izinga le-voltage libuye libonise ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte. I-electrolyte ngokwayo iyingxube ye-35% sulfuric acid kanye nama-65% amanzi acwecwe. Sesishilo kakade ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid kunciphisa. Lapho ukukhishwa kuphezulu, kuyancipha ukuminyana. Lezi zinkomba zihlobene.

I-hydrometer isetshenziselwa ukukala ukuminyana kwama-electrolyte nolunye uketshezi. Esimweni esivamile, lapho ishaje ngokugcwele i-12,6V - 12,7V kanye nezinga lokushisa lomoya lika-20-25 ° C, ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kufanele kube phakathi kuka-1,27g / cm3 - 1,28g / cm3.

Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa izinga lokuminyana eliqhathaniswa neleveli yokushaja.

Ubuningi be-Electrolyte, g / cm3	Izinga lokushaja,%
1,27 - 1,28	ikhulu
1,25	95
1,24	90
1,23	80
1,21	70
1,20	60
1.19	amashumi amahlanu
1,17	40
1,16	amashumi amathathu
1.14	amashumi amabili
1.13	10

Lapho ukuminyana kuphezulu, ibhethri imelana kakhulu nokubanda. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla liye ku-30 ​​° C nangaphansi, ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kuyanda ku-1,30 g/cm3 ngokungeza i-sulfuric acid. Ukuminyana kunganyuswa kuze kufike ku-1,35 g/cm3. Uma iphakeme, i-asidi izoqala ukugqwala amapuleti nezinye izakhi.

Igrafu engezansi ibonisa ukufundwa kwe-hydrometer emazingeni okushisa ahlukene:

Ukufundwa kwe-Hydrometer emazingeni okushisa ahlukene

Ngesikhathi sasebusika

Ebusika, abashayeli abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuqalisa injini. Ibhethri liyayeka ukusebenza ngomthamo ogcwele. Abanye abashayeli bakhipha ibhethri ubusuku bonke bese belishiya lifudumele. Eqinisweni, lapho ishajwe ngokugcwele, i-voltage ayiwi, kodwa iphakama.

Izinga lokushisa elibi lithinta ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kanye nesimo sayo somzimba. Uma ishajwe ngokugcwele, ibhethri ibekezelela kalula isithwathwa, kodwa njengoba ukuminyana kuncipha, amanzi aba makhudlwana futhi i-electrolyte ingase ibe yiqhwa. Izinqubo ze-electrochemical zihamba kancane kancane.

Ku-10°C -15°C, ibhethri elishajiwe lingabonisa ukushajwa okungu-12,9 V. Lokhu kuvamile.

Ku--30°C, umthamo webhethri uncishiswa ube uhhafu yenani elivamile. I-voltage yehla ifike ku-12,4 V ngobuningi buka-1,28 g/cm3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhethri liyayeka ukushaja lisuka kujeneretha seliku-25°C.

Njengoba ubona, amazinga okushisa angemahle angaphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwebhethri.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ibhethri eliwuketshezi lingahlala iminyaka engu-5-7. Esikhathini esishisayo, izinga lokushaja kanye nokuminyana kwe-electrolyte kufanele kuhlolwe okungenani kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ebusika, ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka -10 ° C, umthwalo kufanele uhlolwe okungenani kanye njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu. Esithwathwaneni esinamandla -25°C-35°C, kunconywa ukuthi uphinde ushaje ibhethri kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezinhlanu, ngisho nasohambeni oluvamile.