I-Nanchang Q-5

I-Q-5 yaba indiza yokuqala yokulwa yaseShayina eklanywe yona, esebenze iminyaka engama-45 ekundizazeni kwaseChina. Kwakuyindlela eyinhloko yokusekelwa okuqondile nokungaqondile kwamabutho aphansi.

I-People's Republic of China (PRC) yamenyezelwa ngo-Okthoba 1, 1949 nguMao Zedong ngemva kokunqoba kwabalandeli bakhe empini yombango. I-Kuomintang ehluliwe kanye nomholi wabo uChiang Kai-shek bahoxa baya eTaiwan, lapho bakha khona iRiphabhulikhi yaseChina. Ngemva kokusungulwa kobudlelwano bezokusebenzelana ne-USSR, inani elikhulu lemishini yezindiza yaseSoviet yalethwa ku-PRC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqeqeshwa kwabafundi baseShayina nokwakhiwa kwezimboni zezindiza kwaqala.

Ukuqala kokubambisana kweSino-Soviet emkhakheni wemboni yezindiza kwaba ukwethulwa eChina kokukhiqizwa okunelayisensi yendiza yokuqeqeshwa eyisisekelo yaseSoviet iYakovlev Yak-18 (igama lesiShayina: CJ-5). Eminyakeni emine kamuva (Julayi 26, 1958), indiza yokuqeqesha yaseShayina i-JJ-1 yasuka. Ngo-1956 kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-17F fighter (igama lesiShayina: J-5). Ngo-1957, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwendiza ye-Yu-5 enezinjongo eziningi, ikhophi yaseShayina yendiza yeSoviet Antonov An-2.

Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezokundiza yaseShayina kwaba ukwethulwa kokukhiqizwa okunelayisensi kwe-MiG-19 supersonic fighter ngezinguquko ezintathu: i-MiG-19S (J-6) day fighter, i-MiG-19P (J-6A) isilwi sezulu sonke, nanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu ezinemicibisholo eqondisiwe. ikilasi lokuya emoyeni ukuya emoyeni i-MiG-19PM (J-6B).

Indiza ye-Q-5A enemodeli yebhomu lenuzi elihlakaniphile i-KB-1 ekumisweni kwe-ventral (ibhomu lalifihlwe ngokwengxenye ku-fuselage), ligcinwe kumaqoqo emnyuziyamu.

Isivumelwano se-Sino-Soviet ngalolu daba sasayinwa ngo-September 1957, futhi ngenyanga elandelayo, amadokhumenti, amasampula, amakhophi ahlakaziwe ukuze azihlanganisele, izingxenye kanye nemihlangano yochungechunge lokuqala lwaqala ukufika luvela e-USSR, kuze kube yilapho ukukhiqizwa kwabo kuqondwa kahle. imboni yaseShayina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okufanayo kwenzeka nge injini "Mikulin RD-9B turbojet", lapho wathola igama lendawo RG-6 (isilinganiso esiphezulu 2650 kgf futhi 3250 kgf afterburner).

I-MiG-19P yokuqala enelayisensi (eqoqwe ezingxenyeni zaseSoviet) yangena emoyeni embonini engu-320 eKhundu ngoSepthemba 28, 1958. Ngo-March 1959, ukukhiqizwa kwama-Mi-G-19PM fighters kwaqala eKhundu. I-fighter yokuqala ye-MiG-19P embonini engu-112 e-Shenyang (futhi ehlanganisa izingxenye zaseSoviet) yahamba ngo-December 17, 1958. Khona-ke, e-Shenyang, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-fighter ye-MiG-19S, imodeli eyandiza ngo-September 30, 1959. Kulesi sigaba sokukhiqiza, zonke izindiza zaseShayina "eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye" zazifakwe izinjini zangempela zeSoviet RD-9B, ukukhiqizwa kwendawo. yamadrayivu alolu hlobo aqalwa esikhathini esithile kamuva (ifekthri No. 410, Shenyang Liming Aircraft Engine Plant).

Ngo-1958, i-PRC yanquma ukuqala umsebenzi ozimele kuma-fighters. NgoMashi, emhlanganweni wobuholi bemboni yezindiza kanye nobuholi be-Air Force ye-People's Liberation Army yaseChina, eholwa umkhuzi wabo, uGeneral Liu Yalou, kwenziwa isinqumo sokwakha indiza yokuhlasela enamandla kakhulu. Kwasungulwa izinhlelo zokuqala zamasu kanye nezobuchwephesha kwase kukhishwa umyalelo osemthethweni wokwakhiwa kwendiza eyijethi ngale njongo. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-fighter ye-MiG-19S yayingafaneleki kahle emisebenzini yokusekelwa okuqondile nokungaqondile kwamabutho asemhlabeni enkundleni yempi, futhi imboni yezindiza zaseSoviet ayizange inikeze indiza yokuhlasela enezici ezilindelekile.

Indiza yaqala ukuklanywa eFactory No. 112 (Shenyang Aircraft Manufacturing Plant, manje oseShenyang Aircraft Corporation), kodwa engqungqutheleni yezobuchwepheshe ngo-August 1958 eShenyang, umklami omkhulu weFactory No. 112, uXu Shunshou, waphakamisa ukuthi ngenxa ye umthwalo ophakeme kakhulu wesikhungo esineminye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu, ukudlulisa ukuklama nokwakhiwa kwendiza entsha yokuhlasela ezotshala inombolo engu-320 (Nanchang Aircraft Plant, manje eyiHongdu Aviation Industry Group). Kwenziwa-ke. Umbono olandelayo ka-Xu Shunshou kwakuwumqondo wokundiza emoyeni wendiza entsha yokuhlasela enezingalo eziseceleni kanye nefuselage eya phambili "eyikhoni" enwetshiwe ngokubonakala okuthuthukisiwe ukuya phansi nokuya eceleni.

U-Lu Xiaopeng (1920-2000), ngaleso sikhathi owayeyisekela lomqondisi wesitshalo No. 320 ngezindaba zobuchwepheshe, waqokwa njengomklami omkhulu wendiza. Iphini lakhe likanjiniyela omkhulu uFeng Xu waqokwa njengephini likanjiniyela omkhulu wale mboni, kwathi uGao Zhenning, uHe Yongjun, uYong Zhengqiu, uYang Guoxiang kanye noChen Yaozu babeyingxenye yethimba lokuthuthukisa abantu abayi-10. Leli qembu lathunyelwa eFactory 112 eShenyang, lapho laqala khona ukuklama indiza ehlaselayo ngokubambisana nochwepheshe bendawo nonjiniyela ababejutshwe ukwenza lo msebenzi.

Kulesi sigaba umklamo waqokwa i-Dong Feng 106; igama elithi Dong Feng 101 lalithwelwe yi-MiG-17F, i-Dong Feng 102 - MiG-19S, i-Don Feng 103 - i-MiG-19P, i-Don Feng 104 - idizayini ye-fighter evela esitshalweni sase-Shenyang, ngokucatshangwayo imodeli ye-Northrop F-5 ( isivinini esingu-Ma = 1,4; eyengeziwe ayikho idatha etholakalayo), i-Don Feng 105 - MiG-19PM, i-Don Feng 107 - idizayini ye-fighter evela esitshalweni sase-Shenyang, ngokucatshangwayo imodeli ku-Lockheed F-104 (isivinini esingu-Ma = 1,8; ayikho idatha eyengeziwe).

Ngendiza entsha yokuhlasela, kwakuhlelwe ukufeza isivinini esiphezulu okungenani esingu-1200 km / h, uphahla olusebenzayo lwamamitha angu-15 kanye nohla olunezikhali namanye amathangi kaphethiloli angu-000 km. Ngokusho kwalolu hlelo, indiza entsha yokuhlasela kwakufanele isebenze ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphansi neziphansi kakhulu, njengoba kushiwo ezidingweni zokuqala zamaqhinga nezobuchwepheshe, ngaphansi kwenkundla ye-radar yesitha.

Ekuqaleni, izikhali ezimile zendiza zazihlanganisa izimbangi ezimbili ezingama-30-mm 1-30 (NR-30) ezibekwe ezinhlangothini ze-fuselage eya phambili. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwavela ukuthi ukungena komoya ezinjinini kwamunca amagesi empuphu ngesikhathi sokudubula, okwaholela ekucimeni kwawo. Ngakho-ke, izikhali zezikhali zashintshwa - iziqhumane ezimbili ezingu-23-mm 1-23 (NR-23) zathuthela ezimpandeni zephiko eduze kwe-fuselage.

Izikhali zebhomu zazitholakala endaweni yebhomu, cishe ngamamitha angu-4 ubude, etholakala engxenyeni engezansi ye-fuselage. Yayinamabhomu amabili, atholakala ngemuva kwelinye, anesisindo esingama-250 kg noma ama-500 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amabhomu amabili angama-250-kg angalengiswa kuma-hook asemaceleni e-bomb bay namanye amabili kumahhuku angaphansi, ngenxa yokwengeza amathangi kaphethiloli. Umthamo ojwayelekile wamabhomu wawuyi-1000 kg, umkhawulo - 2000 kg.

Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwegumbi lezikhali zangaphakathi, isimiso sikaphethiloli sendiza asizange sishintshwe. Umthamo wamathangi angaphakathi wawungama-2160 amalitha, futhi amathangi angaphansi kwe-PTB-760 - 2 x 780 amalitha, inani elingama-3720 amalitha; ngokunikezwa okunjalo kukaphethiloli kanye ne-1000 kg yamabhomu, uhla lwendiza yendiza lwaluyi-1450 km.

Kuma-hangers angaphakathi angaphansi, indiza yayiphethe iziqhumane ezimbili ezingama-57-1 (S-5) ezinemiphongolo eminingi ezinamarokhethi angama-57-mm, ngalinye elaliphethe amarokhethi ayisishiyagalombili alolu hlobo. Kamuva, kungase futhi kube iziqalisi ezinamarokhethi ayisikhombisa angu-90 mm 1-90 angaqondisiwe noma amarokhethi amane ohlobo 130-1 mm angu-130 mm. Ukuze kuhloswe, kwasetshenziswa ukubona okulula kwe-gyro, okungazange kuxazulule imisebenzi yokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, ngakho-ke ukunemba kwakuncike kakhulu ekulungiseleleni komshayeli wamabhomu endizeni yokutshuza noma nge-engeli eguquguqukayo yokutshuza.

Ngo-Okthoba 1958, ukwakhiwa kwendiza eyimodeli engu-1:10 kwaqedwa eShenyang, eyaboniswa eBeijing kubaholi beqembu, bezwe nabezempi. Imodeli yenza umbono omuhle kakhulu kubenzi bezinqumo, ngakho-ke kwanqunywa ngokushesha ukuthi kwakhiwe ama-prototypes amathathu, okuhlanganisa neyodwa yokuhlola umhlabathi.

Kakade ngo-February 1959, isethi ephelele imibhalo ukwakhiwa prototypes, ehlanganisa abantu abangaba ngu-15, wethulwa workshop zokuhlola zokukhiqiza. imidwebo. Njengoba ungase uqagele, ngenxa yokushesha, bekufanele iqukathe amaphutha amaningi. Lokhu kugcine ngezinkinga ezingathi sína, futhi izinto ezikhiqiziwe ezingaphansi kokuhlolwa kwamandla zazivame ukonakala lapho umthwalo uphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe. Ngakho imibhalo yayidinga ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu.

Ngenxa yalokho, mayelana 20 izinkulungwane. imidwebo yemibhalo emisha, ebuyekeziwe ayizange idluliselwe ku-Plant No. 320 kuze kube nguMeyi 1960. Ngokusho kwemidwebo emisha, ukwakhiwa kwama-prototypes kwaphinde kwaqalwa.

Ngaleso sikhathi (1958-1962), umkhankaso wezomnotho ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi "Great Leap Forward" wawuqhutshwa ku-PRC, owawuhlinzekela ukuguqulwa okusheshayo kweShayina ukusuka ezweni elibuyela emuva libe yizwe lezimboni emhlabeni wonke. Eqinisweni, kwagcina kuyindlala nokuwohloka komnotho.

Esimeni esinjalo, ngo-August 1961, kwanqunywa ukuvala uhlelo lwendiza yokuhlasela i-Dong Feng 106. Ngisho nokukhiqizwa kwelayisensi yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye kwadingeka kumiswe! (Ikhefu lathatha iminyaka emibili). Nokho, ukuphathwa kwesikhungo esingunombolo 320 akuzange kuphele amandla. Embonini, bekuyithuba lesimanjemanje, ukubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwezindiza zokulwa ezithembisayo. U-Feng Anguo, umqondisi weFactory No. 320, kanye nesekela lakhe nomklami omkhulu wezindiza, uLu Xiaopeng, babhikishe kakhulu. Babhalela iKomidi Eliyinhloko LeQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina incwadi, eyayibavumela ukuthi basebenze ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kwamahora okusebenza.

Yiqiniso, ithimba lephrojekthi lancishiswa, kubantu abangaba ngu-300 kuphela abayishumi nane abasele, babengabasebenzi besitshalo No. 320 eHongdu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abaklami abayisithupha, abadwebi ababili, abasebenzi abane, isithunywa kanye nesikhulu sezobunhloli. Kwaqala inkathi yomsebenzi onzima "amahora okusebenza". Futhi kuphela lapho ekupheleni kuka-1962 lesi sitshalo sivakashelwe yiPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wesithathu Wezobunjiniyela Bemishini (obhekele imboni yezindiza), uGeneral Xue Shaoqing, kwanqunywa ukuthi kuqalwe kabusha uhlelo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokwesekwa kobuholi be-Air Force ye-People's Liberation Army yaseChina, ikakhulukazi iPhini likaMkhuzi weButho lasemoyeni lamaShayina, uGeneral Cao Lihuai. Ekugcineni, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqala ukwakha isampula yokuhlola okumile.

Njengomphumela wokuhlola imodeli yendiza emhubheni womoya wesivinini esikhulu, bekungenzeka ukuthi kucwengwe ukucushwa kwephiko, lapho i-warp yehliswa isuka ku-55° iye ku-52°30'. Ngakho-ke, kwakungenzeka ukuthuthukisa izici zendiza, okuyinto, ngomthwalo wokulwa osuka emoyeni kuya emhlabathini kuma-slings angaphakathi nangaphandle, yayinesisindo esiningi kakhulu futhi yayinokudonsa okukhulu kwe-aerodynamic endizeni. Ubude bephiko kanye nendawo yokuthwala kwayo nakho kukhuphuke kancane.

Amaphiko e-Q-5 (ngemuva kwakho konke, lokhu kubizwa kwanikezwa indiza yokuhlasela iDon Feng 106 endizeni yezempi yaseShayina; ukuhlelwa kabusha kuzo zonke izindiza kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba 1964) kwakuyi-9,68 m, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphiko e-J- 6 - 9,0 m. ngendawo esekelayo, bekuyi (ngokulandelana): 27,95 m2 kanye no-25,0 m2. Lokhu kwathuthukisa ukuzinza nokulawulwa kwe-Q-5, okwakubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuqondisa okubukhali endaweni ephansi kanye nesivinini esiphansi (izimo ezijwayelekile zokuhlasela izindiza enkundleni yempi).