Ikhabhoni ifaka enjinini. Indlela yokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwayo?
Ukwakhiwa kwekhabhoni kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ngokombono wokusebenza kwenjini, kodwa ukuqedwa kwayo ngokuphelele cishe akunakwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokwakheka kukaphethiloli wesimanje, imvelo yezinqubo ze-physico-amakhemikhali ezenzeka inqubo yomlilo, kodwa akugcini lapho. Uhlelo lwe-cylinder-piston luyindawo ethambekele kakhulu ekufakweni kwekhabhoni. Yiziphi izizathu zokwakhiwa kwamadiphozithi futhi ingabe lesi simo singancishiswa?
Inkinga ye-soot ithinta, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, zonke izinhlobo zezinjini, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuwumphumela wokushiswa okungaphelele kwengxube ye-fuel-air. Isizathu esisheshayo ukuthi uwoyela wenjini uhlangana nophethiloli. Amadiphozithi ekhabhoni afakwa egunjini lomlilo, okuwumkhiqizo wokucwilisa kanye "nokupheka" kawoyela wenjini nama-semi-solids atholakala kuphethiloli. Endabeni yezinjini zokuthungela inhlansi, izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezikhona kuphethiloli nazo zinomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamadiphozithi ekhabhoni, aklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kokungqongqoza.
“Indlela oshayela ngayo umshayeli ibalulekile uma kubhekwa ukwakhiwa komsizi enjinini. Akukho okunye okweqisayo okuhle: ukushayela ngesivinini esiphansi noma esiphezulu kuphela nokushayela amabanga amafushane kuphela kwandisa ubungozi bokufakwa kwediphozithi yenjini. Lesi sakamuva siphinde sithinte ama-spark plugs, angafinyeleli izinga lokushisa lokuzihlanza (cishe ama-450 degrees C) isikhathi eside. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Turbocharger akhuthaza ukushayela okuphansi kwe-rpm, okuvumela ukushayela okuphumelelayo ebangeni le-1200-1500 rpm, ngeshwa elinomthelela ekufakweni kwekhabhoni. Lo mphumela ungancishiswa ngokushintsha indlela yakho yokushayela nokusebenzisa amafutha ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo salokhu amafutha eTotal anobuchwepheshe be-ART, okuthi, ngokwe-ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers Association), andise ukuvikelwa kwenjini kuze kufike ku-74%,” kusho u-Andrzej Husiatynski, iNhloko yoMnyango Wezobuchwepheshe eTotal Polska.
Esinye isizathu sobuchwepheshe ukuntuleka kwesibuyekezo sesofthiwe kukhompuyutha enkulu enesibopho sokunquma isilinganiso esifanele sikaphethiloli/somoya. Kulo mongo, kufanelekile futhi ukusho ukushuna okungewona ochwepheshe, i.e. ukushintsha "ibalazwe likaphethiloli", okungaholela ekwephulweni kwezilinganiso, futhi ngenxa yalokho kube ingxube ecebile kakhulu ye-fuel-air. I-lambda probe nayo idlala indima ebalulekile njengoba ikala inani le-oxygen kumagesi akhipha umoya. Inzwa ixhumana ngqo ne-ECU (i-electronic control unit), elawula inani likaphethiloli elijovwe kuye ngokugeleza komoya. Iphutha layo lingahlanekezela ukukalwa kwemingcele yamagesi aphumayo alinganisiwe.
Izakhi ezingalungile zesistimu yokushisa (amakhoyili, ama-spark plugs) futhi, isibonelo, uchungechunge lwezikhathi nazo ziyimbangela ye-carbon deposits. Uma yeluliwe, izigaba zesikhathi zingase zishintshe, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inqubo yomlilo izophazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, kungaba nezizathu eziningi zobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke injini kufanele isetshenziswe njalo. Ngisho nasezimotweni ezintsha, umuntu akufanele aphelele ekushintsheni uwoyela nezihlungi. Ukuhlola okuphelele nokujwayelekile kuphela kunganciphisa ubungozi bokufakwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokungasebenzi kahle okulandelayo.
Bheka futhi: Ngingali-oda nini ipuleti lelayisense elengeziwe?
Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-carbon deposits yilezi: ama-valve enjini, ama-valve enjini, ama-multifold exhaust, i-variable geometry turbocharger system (ebizwa ngokuthi “amasondo okuqondisa”), ama-swirl flaps ezinjinini zikadizili, ama-piston bottoms, ama-cylinder liner enjini, i-catalyst, isihlungi esiyizinhlayiya. , EGR valve namasongo piston. Izinjini zikaphethiloli ezinomjovo kaphethiloli oqondile zisengozini kakhulu. Ngokuletha uphethiloli ngqo ekamelweni elivuthayo, uphethiloli awugezi phezu kwama-valve okungena, okwandisa ingozi ye-carbon deposits. Ekugcineni, lokhu kungaholela ekwephuleni isilinganiso sengxube ye-fuel-air, ngoba inani elidingekayo lomoya ngeke linikezwe ekamelweni lokushisa. Ikhompiyutha ingakwazi ukukucabangela lokhu ngokulungisa isilinganiso sikaphethiloli/somoya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusha okufanele, kodwa ngokwezinga elithile kuphela.
Izinga likaphethiloli osetshenziswayo liyisici esinomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni komsizi enjinini. Ngaphezu kokushintsha indlela yokushayela ibe ngcono, i.e. ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile kwesivinini senjini ephezulu, izinguquko ezivamile zikawoyela kanye nokunakekela isimo sobuchwepheshe senjini ngomqondo obanzi, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokufakwa kwekhabhoni, kufanele kusetshenziswe uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela ovela kubakhiqizi abathembekile. Ngakho-ke, iziteshi lapho uphethiloli ungangcoliswa khona noma lapho imingcele yawo ingase ihluke ezinkambisweni ezimisiwe kufanele zigwenywe.
“Uphethiloli osezingeni eliphezulu uvumela ukuthi uhlanze isistimu yokudonsa amanzi, ama-injector kanye nesistimu ye-cylinder-piston kumadiphozithi. Ngenxa yalokho, izoshintsha kangcono i-athomu futhi ixutshwe nomoya,” kunezela u-Andrzej Gusiatinsky.
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