Ithemba le-astronautics
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ilabhorethri ye-Eagleworks, e-Lyndon B. Johnson Space Flight Centre e-Houston, yaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenjini ye-EmDrive, okumele yephule omunye wemithetho eyisisekelo ye-physics - umthetho wokonga umfutho. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibe isiqinisekiswa ku-vacuum (1), eyaqeda abangabaza enye yezimpikiswano ezimelene nalobu buchwepheshe.
1. Isithombe sokuhlolwa kwenjini ye-Fetti emiswe ku-pendulum endaweni engenalutho.
Nokho, abagxeki basaveza ukuthi, ngokuphambene nemibiko yabezindaba, NASA injini ayikaqinisekiswa ukuthi isebenza ngempela.
Isibonelo, amaphutha okuhlola abangelwa, ikakhulukazi, ukuhwamuka kwezinto ezakha isistimu yokushayela ye-EmDrive - noma kunalokho i-Cannae Drive, ngenxa yokuthi umklami waseMelika u-Guido Fetta wayibiza kanjalo inguqulo yakhe ye-EmDrive.
Lokhu kuxhamazela kuvelaphi?
Okwamanje iyasetshenziswa izinjini zemikhumbi-mkhathi zidinga ukuthi kukhishwe igesi embhobhweni, okubangela umkhumbi ukuba ugxumele kolunye uhlangothi. Injini engadingi lolo hlobo lwegesi ukuthi isebenze ingaba impumelelo enkulu.
Njengamanje, noma ngabe umkhumbi-mkhathi ubukwazi ukufinyelela umthombo wamandla elanga angenamkhawulo, njengoba kwenzeka ama-electroionic thrusters, umsebenzi udinga uphethiloli, insiza yayo elinganiselwe.
Ekuqaleni i-EmDrive yayiwumcabango ka-Roger Scheuer (2), ongomunye wochwepheshe bezindiza abavelele baseYurophu. Wethula lo mklamo usesimweni sesitsha esiyindilinga (3).
Umkhawulo owodwa we-resonator ubanzi kunomunye, futhi ubukhulu bawo bukhethwa ngendlela yokuhlinzeka nge-resonance yamagagasi kagesi obude obuthile.
Ngenxa yalokho, la magagasi, asakazekela ekupheleni okubanzi, kufanele asheshiswe, futhi ngasekugcineni okuncane, kufanele anciphise ijubane.
Kulindeleke ukuthi ngenxa yesivinini esihlukile sokunyakaza, amagagasi angaphambili azofaka ingcindezi ehlukahlukene ngemisebe emaphethelweni amelene e-resonator futhi ngaleyo ndlela adale i-thrust engeyona iqanda eqhubeza umkhumbi.
Awu, Newton, sinenkinga! Ngoba ngokusho kwe-physics eyaziwa kithi, uma ungasebenzisi amandla engeziwe, umfutho awunalo ilungelo lokukhula. Ngokwethiyori, i-EmDrive isebenza kusetshenziswa into yokucindezela kwemisebe. Isivinini seqembu segagasi kazibuthe kagesi, futhi yingakho amandla akhiqizwa yilo, angase ancike kujometri ye-waveguide esakazeka ngayo.
Ngokombono ka-Scheuer, uma wakha i-waveguide eyi-conical ngendlela yokuthi isivinini se-wave ekugcineni sihluke kakhulu ejubaneni lamagagasi ngakolunye uhlangothi, khona-ke ngokubonisa leli gagasi phakathi kweziphetho ezimbili, uthola umehluko ekucindezelweni kwemisebe. , i.e. amandla anele ukufeza ukuphokophela (4).
Ngokuka-Scheuer, i-EmDrive ayiphuli imithetho yefiziksi, kodwa isebenzisa ithiyori ka-Einstein - injini ikuhlaka oluhlukile lwereferensi kunegagasi "elisebenzayo" elingaphakathi kuyo. Kuze kube manje, ama-prototypes amancane kakhulu e-EmDrive ane-thrust force ebangeni le-micro-Newton akhiwe.
Njengoba ubona, akuwona wonke umuntu oshiya lo mqondo ngokushesha njengoba kwakhiwa ama-prototypes amasha. Isibonelo, isikhungo esikhulu socwaningo njenge-China Xi'an Northwest Polytechnic University senza izivivinyo eziholele enjinini ye-prototype ene-thrust yama-micronewtons angu-720.
Kungase kungabi kuningi, kodwa ezinye zazo zisetshenziswa ku i-astronautics, ama-ion thrusters abasakhiqizi nhlobo. Inguqulo ehlolwe yi-NASA ye-EmDrive iwumsebenzi womklami waseMelika u-Guido Fetti. Ukuhlolwa kwe-vacuum ye-pendulum kuqinisekisile ukuthi ifinyelela i-thrust ye-30-50 micronewtons.
Ingabe umgomo wokulondoloza umfutho usuchithiwe? Cishe cha. Ochwepheshe be-NASA bachaza ukusebenza kwenjini, ngokuqondile, ukusebenzisana nezinhlayiya zento ne-antimatter, eziqothula ngokufanayo ku-vacuum ye-quantum, bese ziqothula ngokufanayo. Manje njengoba idivayisi isibonisiwe ukuthi iyasebenza, kungaba kuhle ukufunda ukuthi i-EmDrive isebenza kanjani.
3. Enye yezinhlobo zenjini ye-EmDrive
Ubani ongayiqondi imithetho yefiziksi?
Amandla anikezwa ama-prototypes akhiwe kuze kube manje awakuqedi ezinyaweni zakho, nakuba njengoba sesishilo, amanye izinjini ze-ion basebenza ebangeni le-micronewton.
4. I-EmDrive - isimiso sokusebenza
Ngokusho kuka-Scheuer, i-EmDrive ingakhula kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ama-superconductors.
Nokho, ngokukaJohn P. Costelli, isazi sesayensi yemvelo esaziwayo sase-Australia, uScheuer “akayiqondi imithetho ye-physics” futhi wenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iphutha eliyisisekelo ngokuthi akazange acabangele ezinhlelweni zakhe amandla asebenzayo. ngemisebe ezindongeni eziseceleni ze-resonator.
Incazelo efakwe kuwebhusayithi ye-Shawyer's Satellite Propulsion Research Ltd ithi leli inani elincane. Nokho, abagxeki banezela ukuthi ithiyori ka-Scheuer ayizange ishicilelwe kunoma iyiphi ijenali yesayensi ebuyekezwe ngontanga.
Into engabaza kakhulu ukungazinaki isimiso sokulondoloza umfutho, nakuba uScheuer ngokwakhe ethi ukusebenza kwe-drive akuphuli nhlobo. Iqiniso liwukuthi umbhali wale divayisi akakashicileli nelilodwa iphepha kulo kujenali ebuyekezwe ngontanga.
Okuwukuphela kwezincwadi ezavela emaphephandabeni athandwayo, kuhlanganisa. kwethi New Scientist. Abahleli balo bagxekwa ngenxa yethoni evusa amadlingozi yalesi sihloko. Ngemva kwenyanga, indlu yokushicilela yanyathelisa izincazelo futhi ... ixolisa ngombhalo oshicilelwe.
