Yini ochwepheshe abagxile kuyo lapho behlola imoto ukuze ihlolwe ngobuchwepheshe?
Ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle komgwaqo, imoto kufanele ibe sesimweni esiphelele sobuchwepheshe. Yingakho imoto ngayinye kumele ibhaliswe njalo e-Technical Inspection Point (SKP). Nansi imibandela yokuthi ukuvakasha okunjalo kungabi nengcindezi futhi kugcine ngesigxivizo esitifiketini sokubhalisa.
Kuhlale kuwufanele ukuqala ngencazelo, ngoba abashayeli abaningi badida imiqondo eyisisekelo ehlobene nokugcina imoto yabo isesimweni esihle. Ukuhlola (okwenziwa ngomshini noma ngezikhathi ezithile) ukuvakashela ishabhu ukuze kulungiswe ngezikhathi ezithile, okuhlanganisa ukubuyisela uketshezi nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenzisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, omakhenikha baphinde bahlole (noma okungenani kufanele) ukuthi imoto iphilile ngokobuchwepheshe nokuthi idinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha.
Ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuwuhlobo lokuhlola ukuthi umshayeli uyigcina kahle yini imoto yakhe nokuthi omakhenika ababenze lo kuhlola benze umsebenzi wabo ngendlela efanele uma bebheka ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Ngakho-ke, isishayamthetho siyazama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izimoto ezingeniswe esiminyaminya zisesimweni esingesona usongo kubagibeli nakwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imoto ikhonjwa futhi kuhlolwe imishini eyengeziwe eyimpoqo, ezimotweni zabagibeli ezihlanganisa isicishamlilo (min. 1 kg, uhlobo lwendiza) kanye nonxantathu oyisixwayiso.
Ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuyimpoqo kuzo zonke izimoto ezibhalisiwe ezihlala njalo emigwaqweni yethu, ngaphandle kwama-trailer amalambu. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe phakathi neminyaka emithathu kusukela ngosuku lokubhaliswa kokuqala, okulandelayo - phakathi neminyaka emibili ezayo kanye nokuhlolwa ngakunye okulandelayo - kungakapheli unyaka owodwa ngemva kodlule. Lo mthetho awudingi ukukhunjulwa, usuku lokuphela kokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngezikhathi ezithile kuhlale kukhonjisiwe kudokhumenti yokubhalisa. Ngemuva kwalolu suku, imoto ilahlekelwa ilungelo lokushayela emgwaqeni, njengoba ibhekwa njengento engasebenzi. Okuhlukile kulo mthetho izimoto ze-retro ezingasetshenziselwa ukuthutha abagibeli bezentengiselwano, lapho isishayamthetho sihlinzekele ukuhlolwa okukodwa kobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokubhaliswa, okuzikhulula esidingweni sokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Izindleko zokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe zisethwa ngokomthetho futhi ezimotweni enani eliyisisekelo yi-PLN 98.
Uma, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile, amaphoyisa ethola ukuthi akukho ukuhlola okusemthethweni okusemthethweni, iphoyisa libophezelekile ukugcina idokhumenti yokubhalisa. Umshayeli uthola imvume yesikhashana (izinsuku ezingu-7) ukuze aphumelele ukuhlolwa, kodwa futhi angahlawuliswa. Isonto aliningi, ikakhulukazi uma lidinga ukulungiswa okufanele. Inhlawulo enkulu ingaba ukwenqaba ukukhokha isinxephezelo uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ukuncipha kwenani. Umbono wakamuva uwukuphinda kabili imali yalabo "abakhohlwayo" futhi ubathumele ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuhlola, lokho okubizwa nge-Vehicle Inspection Station (CTT). Bazoba yishumi nesithupha kuphela ezweni lonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wonke umshayeli wesihlanu uyephuza ukuhlolwa. Njengoba ubona, kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ungalibukeli phansi usuku lokuhlolwa okulandelayo.
Izimo ezijwayelekile zezobuchwepheshe zezimoto ezihamba emigwaqeni yethu zibe ngcono kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Kodwa-ke, cishe u-15% wezimoto ezingena kwi-SPC azihlolisiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungenxa yokunganakwa kokugcinwa okufanele, i.e. abashayeli banecala. Ukuze ugweme ukumangala okungajabulisi kanye nezinhlanga ngokumelene nerisidi, kungcono ukuhlela ukuvakashela endaweni yokusebenzela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, ukuyala ukuhlolwa kwemoto mayelana nalokhu.
Ingaphakathi lemoto
Isheke liqala ngomnyango wesitendi sokuhlola, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba udokotela ohlola izifo ehlele emseleni (noma aphakamise imoto alifti), uhlola ingaphakathi lemoto. Akumele kudlale kakhulu esiteringini, futhi akumele kube namalambu kudeshibhodi akhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle, njenge-ABS system noma isikhwama segesi. Ukuqiniswa kwezihlalo nakho kuyabhekwa, okungafanele kube nokugqwala, kanye nezindawo okuboshelwa kuzo amabhande ezihlalo.
I-Chassis, i.e. ukushayela ukuphepha
Ucwaningo luhlanganisa izinto eziningi, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlobene nokuphepha kokushayela. Kunezingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa ku-chassis okufanele zihlolwe udokotela wokuxilonga. Lapha kubalwa i-braking system, i-suspension, isiteringi, amathayi, nezinto ezisekela imoto.
Isistimu yokubhuleka ihlolwe ngokucophelela. I-diagnostician inesibopho sokubheka ngokubukeka isimo se-friction linings nama-brake discs - ubuso bawo kufanele bushelelezi futhi bungabi nemifantu. Amapayipi amabhuleki kumele nawo abe sesimweni esihle, amapayipi athambile akumele agxumeke, amapayipi aqinile akufanele agle kabi. Uma ihlolwe endaweni efanele, ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-brake kuyahlolwa, umehluko phakathi kwamasondo e-axle enikeziwe akufanele udlule amanani avumelekile, ibhuleki elisizayo kufanele libe sesimweni esihle.
Ukumiswa kungenye into ebalulekile elawulwa ngesikhathi okuthiwa i-jerk. Ngakho, ukudlala ngokweqile kutholwa. Kufanele uqonde ukuthi akuyona nje induduzo yethu kuphela, iminwe ye-rocker ekhishwe kakhulu ingaphuma ngenkathi ushayela, okungase kuphele kabuhlungu. Izihlahla ezigugile noma ama-bearings nazo zidinga ukulungiswa. Isazi sokuxilonga siphinde sihlole isimo seziphethu ukuze kunqanyulwe imifantu kanye nokungabi bikho kokuvuza kwezinto ezibamba ukushaqeka.
Njengoba sekushiwo, akumele kudlale okweqile esiteringini noma kungqongqoze esiteringini. Isimo semikhawulo yezintambo zokuqondisa sihlolwe ngaphansi kwemoto. Njengoba kunjalo ngezinsimbi ezilengayo, isimo sazo sithinta ukuphepha kwethu ngokuqondile. I-diagnostician inesibopho sokubheka isimo samathayi, ukujula okuncane kokunyathela kungu-1,6 mm, amathayi akumele abe nemifantu. Amathayi anesakhiwo esifanayo sokunyathela kufanele agxunyekwe ku-ekseli efanayo.
Ezimotweni ezindala, kunenkinga yokugqwala ku-chassis, okuyingozi kakhulu ezintweni ezisekela imoto. Ama-sill agqwalile, ama-stringers noma, isibonelo, ifreyimu endabeni ye-SUVs kuyinkinga enkulu engenza imoto yethu ingasebenziseki.
Into ebalulekile ohlwini lokuhlola ukuhlola ukuvuza ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zemoto. Ukujuluka okuncane akubangeli ingozi yokuphasa ukuhlolwa, kodwa uma ukuvuza kubi kakhulu noma udokotela ohlola izifo enquma ukuthi kungase kusongela ukuphepha kokushayela esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, angase anikeze amaphuzu angalungile. Isistimu yokukhipha umoya iyingxenye yokugcina ye-chassis okufanele ihlolwe. Ukugqwala okungaphezulu kuyamukeleka, kodwa i-muffler egqwalile noma izimbobo zamapayipi kuzovimbela ukuhlolwa ukuthi kudlule.
