Amakhamera amaningi esikhundleni sama-megapixel

Ukuthwebula izithombe ngomakhalekhukhwini sekudlule impi enkulu ye-megapixel, okungekho muntu owayengayinqoba, ngoba kwakukhona ukulinganiselwa ngokomzimba kuzinzwa kanye nobukhulu bama-smartphones avimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-miniaturization. Manje sekunohlelo olufana nomncintiswano, ozofaka kakhulu kumakhamera (1). Kunoma yikuphi, ekugcineni, ikhwalithi yezithombe ihlale ibalulekile.

Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2018, ngenxa yezithombe ezimbili ezintsha zekhamera, inkampani engaziwa i-Light ikhulume kakhulu, ehlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe be-lens eminingi - hhayi ngesikhathi sayo, kodwa kwamanye amamodeli we-smartphone. Nakuba inkampani, njengoba i-MT ibhala ngaleso sikhathi, kakade ku-2015 imodeli L16 enamalensi ayishumi nesithupha (1), ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule kuphela lapho ukuphindaphindeka kwamakhamera kumaseli kudumile.

Ikhamera egcwele amalensi

Le modeli yokuqala evela ku-Light kwakuyikhamera ehlangene (hhayi iselula) elingana nosayizi wefoni eyayiklanyelwe ukuletha ikhwalithi ye-DSLR. Ithwebule izinqumo ezifika kuma-megapixel angu-52, inikeze ububanzi obugxilile obungu-35-150mm, ikhwalithi ephezulu ekukhanyeni okuphansi, kanye nokujula kwenkambu okungalungiseka. Konke kwenziwa nokwenzeka ngokuhlanganisa amakhamera afinyelela kwayishumi nesithupha emzimbeni owodwa. Awekho kulawa ma-lens amaningi ahlukile kuma-Optics kuma-smartphones. Umehluko ukuthi aqoqwe kudivayisi eyodwa.

2. Amakhamera okukhanya amalensi amaningi

Ngesikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe, isithombe saqoshwa kanyekanye amakhamera ayishumi, ngalinye linezilungiselelo zalo zokuchayeka. Zonke izithombe ezithathwe ngale ndlela zahlanganiswa zaba isithombe esisodwa esikhulu, esiqukethe yonke imininingwane evela ekuchayekeni okukodwa. Uhlelo luvumele ukuhlela ukujula kwenkambu kanye namaphuzu okugxilwe kuwo esithombe esiqediwe. Izithombe zilondolozwe ngefomethi ye-JPG, TIFF noma RAW DNG. Imodeli ye-L16 etholakala emakethe yayingenayo i-flash evamile, kodwa izithombe zingakhanyiswa kusetshenziswa i-LED encane etholakala emzimbeni.

Lowo mbukiso wokuqala ngo-2015 wawunesimo selukuluku. Lokhu akuzange kudonse ukunaka kwabezindaba nababukeli abaningi. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa ukuthi uFoxconn usebenze njengomtshali-zimali wakwaLight, intuthuko eyengeziwe ayizange isimangaze. Ngamafuphi, lokhu bekusekelwe entshisakalweni ekhulayo yesixazululo sezinkampani ezisebenzisana nomkhiqizi wemishini yaseTaiwan. Futhi amakhasimende kaFoxconn womabili ama-Apple futhi, ikakhulukazi, iBlackberry, iHuawei, iMicrosoft, iMotorola noma iXiaomi.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-2018, kwavela ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzi wokukhanya kuma-multi-camera systems kuma-smartphone. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela ukuthi ukuqalisa kusebenzisana nabakwaNokia, eyethula ifoni yokuqala enamakhamera amahlanu emhlabeni ku-MWC e-Barcelona ngo-2019. Imodeli I-PureView (3) ifakwe amakhamera anemibala emibili namakhamera amathathu e-monochrome.

U-Sveta uchaze kuwebhusayithi ye-Quartz ukuthi kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-L16 ne-Nokia 9 PureView. Lesi sakamuva sisebenzisa uhlelo olusha lokucubungula ukuthunga izithombe kumalensi ngamanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idizayini yakwaNokia ihlanganisa amakhamera ahlukile kunalawo aqale asetshenziswa ukuKhanya, ane-ZEISS optics yokuthwebula ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Amakhamera amathathu athwebula ukukhanya okumnyama nokumhlophe kuphela.

Uhlu lwamakhamera, ngalinye linokulungiswa kwama-megapixel angu-12, linikeza ukulawula okukhulu ekujuleni kwesithombe senkambu futhi livumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathwebule imininingwane ngokuvamile engabonakali kukhamera yeselula evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezincazelo ezishicilelwe, i-PureView 9 iyakwazi ukuthwebula ukukhanya okuphindwe kashumi kunamanye amadivaysi futhi ingakhiqiza izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphelele okungafika kuma-megapixel angu-240.

Ukuqala kungazelelwe kwamafoni anamakhamera amaningi

Ukukhanya akuwona kuphela umthombo wokuqanjwa kabusha kule ndawo. Inkampani yaseKorea i-LG patent yangoNovemba 2018 ichaza ukuhlanganisa ama-engeli ekhamera ahlukene ukwenza i-movie encane ekhumbuza indalo ye-Apple Live Photos noma izithombe ezivela kumadivayisi we-Lytro, i-MT nayo eyabhala eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ithwebula inkambu ekhanyayo enenkambu yokubuka elungisekayo. .

Ngokusho kwe-LG patent, lesi sixazululo siyakwazi ukuhlanganisa amasethi edatha ahlukene kusuka kumalensi ahlukene ukusika izinto emfanekisweni (isibonelo, esimweni semodi yesithombe noma ngisho noshintsho oluphelele lwangemuva). Kunjalo, leli yilungelo lobunikazi nje okwamanje, akukho nkomba yokuthi i-LG ihlela ukukusebenzisa ocingweni. Kodwa-ke, ngempi ekhulayo yokuthatha izithombe ze-smartphone, amafoni analezi zici angangena emakethe ngokushesha kunalokho esikucabangayo.

Njengoba sizobona ekutadisheni umlando wamakhamera anamalensi amaningi, izinhlelo ezinamakamelo amabili azintsha nhlobo. Nokho, ukubekwa kwamakhamera amathathu noma ngaphezulu ingoma yezinyanga eziyishumi ezedlule..

Phakathi kwabakhi bezingcingo abakhulu, iHuawei yaseChina ibishesha kakhulu ukuletha imodeli enamakhamera amathathu emakethe. Kakade ngo-March 2018, wenze isipho I-Huawei P20 Pro (4), enikeza ama-lens amathathu - avamile, i-monochrome ne-telezoom, yethulwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva. Umlingani 20, kanye namakhamera amathathu.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba sekwenzekile emlandweni wobuchwepheshe beselula, umuntu bekufanele ethule ngesibindi izixazululo ezintsha ze-Apple kuyo yonke imidiya ukuze aqale ukukhuluma ngentuthuko kanye nenguquko. Njengemodeli yokuqala iPhone' ngo-2007, imakethe yama-smartphones ayaziwa ngaphambilini "yethulwa", futhi eyokuqala Ipad (kodwa hhayi ithebhulethi yokuqala nhlobo) ngo-2010, inkathi yamaphilisi yavulwa, ngakho-ke ngoSepthemba 2019, ama-iPhones amalensi amaningi "ishumi nanye" (5) avela enkampanini ene-apula efanekisweni angathathwa njengesiqalo esisheshayo inkathi yama-smartphones amakhamera amaningi.

I-11 Pro Oraz I-11 Pro Max ifakwe amakhamera amathathu. Eyangaphambili inelensi yezinto eziyisithupha enobude befocal yohlaka olugcwele elingu-26mm kanye nembobo engu-f/1.8. Umkhiqizi uthi unenzwa entsha engu-12-megapixel ene-pixel focus engu-100%, okungase kusho isisombululo esifana nalezo ezisetshenziswa kumakhamera weCanon noma ama-smartphones e-Samsung, lapho iphikseli ngayinye iqukethe ama-photodiode amabili.

Ikhamera yesibili inelensi ebanzi (enobude obugxile ku-13 mm nokukhanya kwe-f / 2.4), ifakwe i-matrix enesixazululo sama-megapixel angu-12. Ngokungeziwe kumamojula achaziwe, kukhona ilensi ye-telephoto ephinda kabili ubude bendawo uma iqhathaniswa nelensi evamile. Lona idizayini yokuvula i-f/2.0. Inzwa inokulungiswa okufanayo nezinye. Kokubili ilensi ye-telephoto kanye nelensi evamile ifakwe ukuqina kwesithombe.

Kuzo zonke izinguqulo, sizohlangana ne-Huawei, i-Google Pixel noma amafoni we-Samsung. imodi yasebusuku. Lokhu futhi kuyisixazululo sesici sezinhlelo ezinezinjongo eziningi. Kubandakanya iqiniso lokuthi ikhamera ithatha izithombe ezimbalwa ezinesinxephezelo esihlukile sokuchayeka, bese izihlanganisa zibe isithombe esisodwa esinomsindo omncane namandla angcono wethoni.

Ikhamera ocingweni - kwenzeke kanjani?

Ifoni yokuqala yekhamera kwakuyi-Samsung SCH-V200. Idivayisi yavela emashalofini esitolo eSouth Korea ngo-2000.

Wayesekhumbula izithombe ezingamashumi amabili nesinqumo 0,35 megapixels. Kodwa-ke, ikhamera yayinenkinga enkulu - ayizange ihlangane kahle nefoni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanye abahlaziyi bakubheka njengedivayisi ehlukile, evalelwe esimweni esifanayo, hhayi ingxenye ebalulekile yocingo.

Isimo sasihluke kakhulu endabeni ye J-Phone'a, okungukuthi, ifoni u-Sharp ayilungiselele imakethe yaseJapane ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugcina yeminyaka. Izisetshenziswa zithathe izithombe ngekhwalithi ephansi kakhulu yamamegapixel angu-0,11, kodwa ngokungafani nomnikelo we-Samsung, izithombe zingadluliswa ngokungenantambo futhi zibukwe kalula esikrinini seselula. I-J-Phone ifakwe isibonisi sombala esibonisa imibala engama-256.

Omakhalekhukhwini sebephenduke igajethi esemfashinini kakhulu. Nokho, hhayi ngenxa yezisetshenziswa ze-Sanyo noma ze-J-Phone, kodwa ngenxa yeziphakamiso zemidondoshiya ephathwayo, ikakhulukazi ngaleso sikhathi u-Nokia no-Sony Ericsson.

Nokia 7650 ifakwe ikhamera engu-0,3 megapixel. Bekungenye yezithombe zokuqala ezitholakala kabanzi nezidumile. Uphinde wenza kahle emakethe. I-Sony Ericsson T68i. Akukho nocingo olulodwa ngaphambi kwakhe olwalungathola futhi luthumele imilayezo ye-MMS ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani namamodeli angaphambilini abuyekeziwe ohlwini, ikhamera ye-T68i kwakudingeka ithengwe ngokuhlukana futhi ixhunywe kumakhalekhukhwini.

Ngemva kokwethulwa kwalezi zisetshenziswa, ukuthandwa kwamakhamera kumakhalekhukhwini kwaqala ukukhula ngesivinini esikhulu - kakade ngo-2003 athengiswa emhlabeni wonke ngaphezu kwamakhamera edijithali ajwayelekile.

Ngo-2006, ngaphezu kwengxenye yomakhalekhukhwini bomhlaba babenekhamera eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ngemva konyaka, othile waqala waqhamuka nombono wokubeka amalensi amabili esitokisini ...

Kusukela ku-TV yeselula ukuya ku-3D ukuya ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezingcono nezingcono

Ngokuphambene nokubukeka, umlando wezixazululo zamakhamera amaningi awumfushane kangako. I-Samsung inikeza ngemodeli yayo B710 (6) ilensi ephindwe kabili emuva ngo-2007. Nakuba ngaleso sikhathi ukunakwa okwengeziwe kwakhokhwa emandleni ale khamera emkhakheni wethelevishini yeselula, kodwa uhlelo lwe-lens olukabili lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthwebula izinkumbulo zezithombe ku. 3D umphumela. Sibheke isithombe esiphelile ekubonisweni kwalo modeli ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugqoka izibuko ezikhethekile.

Ngaleyo minyaka kwakukhona imfashini enkulu ye-3D, izinhlelo zamakhamera zazibhekwa njengethuba lokukhiqiza lo mphumela.

I-LG Optimus 3D, eyaboniswa okokuqala ngoFebhuwari 2011, kanye I-HTC Evo 3D, ekhishwe ngoMashi 2011, yasebenzisa amalensi akabili ukudala izithombe ze-3D. Basebenzise indlela efanayo esetshenziswa abaklami bamakhamera "avamile" e-3D, basebenzisa amalensi amabili ukuze bakhe umuzwa wokujula ezithombeni. Lokhu kuthuthukisiwe ngesibonisi se-3D esiklanyelwe ukubuka izithombe ezitholiwe ngaphandle kwezibuko.

Kodwa-ke, i-3D yaphenduka yaba imfashini edlulayo kuphela. Ngokuwohloka kwayo, abantu bayeke ukucabanga ngamasistimu ekhamera eningi njengethuluzi lokuthola izithombe ze-stereographic.

Kunoma yikuphi, hhayi ngaphezulu. Ikhamera yokuqala enikezela ngezinzwa zesithombe ezimbili ngezinjongo ezifana nezanamuhla kwaba I-HTC One M8 (7), ekhishwe ngo-Ephreli 2014. Inzwa yayo eyinhloko engu-4MP ye-UltraPixel kanye nenzwa yesibili engu-2MP yakhelwe ukudala umuzwa wokujula ezithombeni.

Ilensi yesibili idale imephu yokujula futhi yayifaka kumphumela wesithombe sokugcina. Lokhu kwakusho ikhono lokudala umphumela ukufiphala kwengemuva , ukugxilisa kabusha isithombe ngokuthinta iphaneli yokubonisa, futhi uphathe kalula izithombe ngenkathi ugcina isihloko sibukhali futhi ushintsha ingemuva ngisho nangemva kokuthwebula.

Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi, akuwona wonke umuntu owayeqonda amandla ale nqubo. I-HTC One M8 kungenzeka ukuthi ayizange ibe ukwehluleka kwemakethe, kodwa nayo ibingadumile kakhulu. Esinye isakhiwo esibalulekile kule ndaba, LG G5, yakhululwa ngoFebhuwari 2016. Ifaka inzwa eyinhloko engu-16MP kanye nenzwa yesibili engu-8MP, okuyilensi ye-engeli ebanzi engu-135-degree idivayisi engashintshelwa kuyo.

Ngo-Ephreli 2016, uHuawei unikeze imodeli ngokubambisana noLeica. P9, enamakhamera amabili ngemuva. Enye yazo yayisetshenziselwa ukuthwebula imibala ye-RGB (), enye yasetshenziselwa ukuthwebula imininingwane ye-monochrome. Kwakusekelwe kule modeli lapho uHuawei kamuva wadala imodeli eshiwo ngenhla ye-P20.

Ngo-2016 yethulwa nasemakethe iphone 7 plus enamakhamera amabili ngemuva - womabili angu-12-megapixel, kodwa anobude bokugxila obuhlukene. Ikhamera yokuqala ibe ne-zoom engu-23mm kanti eyesibili i-zoom engu-56mm, ingenisa inkathi ye-smartphone yokuthwebula izithombe. Umqondo bekuwukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi asondeze isithombe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi - i-Apple ibifuna ukuxazulula lokho ebikuthatha njengenkinga enkulu ngokuthwebula izithombe nge-smartphone futhi yakha isisombululo esihambisana nokuziphatha kwabathengi. Iphinde yafanisa nesixazululo se-HTC, enikeza imiphumela ye-bokeh isebenzisa amamephu ajulile athathwe kudatha yawo womabili amalensi.

Ukufika kweHuawei P20 Pro ekuqaleni kuka-2018 kwakusho ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izixazululo ezihloliwe kuze kube manje kudivayisi eyodwa enekhamera kathathu. Ilensi ye-varifocal yengezwe kusistimu yezinzwa ze-RGB ne-monochrome, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela inikeze okungaphezu kwesamba esilula sama-optics nezinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemodi yasebusuku ehlaba umxhwele. Imodeli entsha yaba yimpumelelo enkulu futhi ngomqondo wemakethe yaba impumelelo, hhayi ikhamera ye-Nokia ephuphuthekisa inani lamalensi noma umkhiqizo ojwayelekile we-Apple.

Umanduleli walo mkhuba wokuba namakhamera angaphezu kweyodwa ocingweni, i-Samsung (8) iphinde yethula ikhamera enamalensi amathathu ngo-2018. Kwakuyimodeli I-Samsung Galaxy A7.

8. I-Samsung Dual Lens Manufacturing Module

Kodwa-ke, umkhiqizi wanquma ukusebenzisa amalensi: i-engeli evamile, ebanzi kanye neso lesithathu ukuze anikeze "ulwazi olujulile" olunganembile kakhulu. Kodwa enye imodeli I-Galaxy A9, isamba samalensi amane anikeziwe: i-ultra-wide, i-telephoto, ikhamera evamile kanye nenzwa yokujula.

Kuningi ngoba Okwamanje, amalensi amathathu asajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwe-iPhone, amamodeli we-flagship yemikhiqizo yabo njengeHuawei P30 Pro ne-Samsung Galaxy S10+ anamakhamera amathathu ngemuva. Impela, asibali ilensi yesithombe ozishuthe sona ebheke phambili encane..

I-Google ibonakala ingenandaba nakho konke lokhu. Okwakhe Iphikseli 3 wayenekhamera eyodwa ehamba phambili emakethe futhi ekwazi ukwenza "konke" ngelensi eyodwa nje.

Amadivayisi e-Pixel asebenzisa isofthiwe ezinikele ukuze anikeze ukuqiniswa, ukusondeza, nemiphumela ejulile. Imiphumela yayingemihle njengoba yayingaba ngamalensi amaningi nezinzwa, kodwa umehluko wawumncane, futhi amafoni e-Google azenzele izikhala ezincane ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokukhanya okuphansi. Nokho, njengoba kubonakala, muva nje kumodeli Iphikseli 4, ngisho ne-Google ekugcineni yaphuka, nakuba isahlinzeka ngamalensi amabili kuphela: avamile kanye ne-tele.

Hhayi emuva

Yini enikeza ukungezwa kwamakhamera engeziwe ku-smartphone eyodwa? Ngokusho kochwepheshe, uma berekhoda ngobude obuhlukene bokugxila, babeka amanani ahlukene wokuvula, futhi bathwebule wonke amaqoqo ezithombe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokucutshungulwa kwe-algorithmic (ukuhlanganisa), lokhu kunikeza ukwanda okubonakalayo kwekhwalithi uma kuqhathaniswa nezithombe ezitholwe kusetshenziswa ikhamera yefoni eyodwa.

Izithombe zicwebile, zinemininingwane eminingi, zinemibala yemvelo eyengeziwe kanye nobubanzi obuguqukayo obukhulu. Ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi nakho kungcono kakhulu.

Abantu abaningi abafunda ngamathuba ezinhlelo zamalensi amaningi bazihlanganisa ikakhulukazi nokufiphalisa ingemuva lesithombe se-bokeh, i.e. ukukhipha izinto ezingagxilile ekujuleni kwenkundla. Kodwa akugcini lapho.

Amakhamera alolu hlobo enza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene ebanzi, ehlanganisa nokunemba kakhudlwana kwemephu ye-XNUMXD, ukwethula ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kanye nokuqashelwa kangcono kobuso nezindawo.

Ngaphambilini, ngosizo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, izinzwa zamehlo zama-smartphones zenze imisebenzi efana nesithombe esishisayo, ukuhumusha imibhalo yangaphandle ngokusekelwe ezithombeni, ukukhomba izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, noma ukuhlaziya ukunyakaza komsubathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasistimu amakhamera amaningi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwalezi zici ezithuthukile. Futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kusiletha ndawonye ephaketheni elilodwa.

Umlando omdala wezixazululo ezinezinjongo eziningi ubonisa ukusesha okuhlukile, kodwa inkinga enzima ibilokhu iyizidingo eziphezulu zokucubungula idatha, ikhwalithi ye-algorithm kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Endabeni yama-smartphones anamuhla, asebenzisa kokubili amaphrosesa wesignali abonakalayo anamandla kunangaphambili, kanye namaphrosesa esignali yedijithali eyonga amandla, ngisho namakhono athuthukisiwe enethiwekhi ye-neural, lezi zinkinga zehliswe kakhulu.

Izinga eliphezulu lemininingwane, amathuba amahle okubona kanye nemiphumela ye-bokeh eyenziwe ngokwezifiso okwamanje iphezulu ohlwini lwezidingo zesimanje zokuthwebula izithombe ze-smartphone. Kuze kube muva nje, ukuze azifeze, umsebenzisi we-smartphone kwakudingeka axolise ngosizo lwekhamera yendabuko. Akunjalo namuhla.

Ngamakhamera amakhulu, umphumela wobuhle uvela ngokwemvelo lapho usayizi welensi nosayizi wokumboza kukhulu ngokwanele ukuze kufinyelelwe ukufiphala kwe-analog nomaphi lapho amaphikseli engagxilile khona. Omakhalekhukhwini banamalensi nezinzwa (9) ezincane kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kungenzeki ngokwemvelo (endaweni ye-analog). Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokulingisa isofthiwe iyathuthukiswa.

Amaphikseli aqhelelene kakhulu nendawo okugxilwe kuyo noma indiza egxile afiphaliswe ngokuzenzisa kusetshenziswa i-algorithms yokufiphalisa eyodwa evame ukusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni izithombe. Ibanga lephikseli ngalinye ukusuka endaweni okugxilwe kuyo lingcono kakhulu futhi lishesha ukukalwa ngezithombe ezimbili ezithathwe ngokuhlukana okungu-1 cm.

Ngobude obuhlukanisiwe obuqhubekayo kanye nekhono lokudubula ukubukwa kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa (ukugwema umsindo onyakazayo), kungenzeka ukwenza unxantathu ukujula kwephikseli ngayinye esithombeni (usebenzisa i-algorithm ye-stereo yokubuka okuningi). Manje sekulula ukuthola isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokuma kwephikseli ngayinye ngokuhlobene nendawo okugxilwe kuyo.

Akulula, kodwa amafoni amakhamera amabili enza inqubo ibe lula ngoba angakwazi ukuthatha izithombe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Amasistimu anelensi eyodwa kufanele athathe amashothi amabili alandelanayo (kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukene) noma asebenzise ukusondeza okuhlukile.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokukhulisa isithombe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukulungiswa? telephoto ( ngamehlo). Ukusondeza kwangempela kwangempela okuphezulu ongakuthola njengamanje ku-smartphone ngu-5× kuHuawei P30 Pro.

Amanye amafoni asebenzisa amasistimu ayingxube asebenzisa kokubili izithombe ze-optical nezedijithali, ezikuvumela ukuthi usondeze ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okusobala kwekhwalithi. I-Google Pixel 3 eshiwo isebenzisa ama-algorithms ekhompyutha ayinkimbinkimbi kulokhu, akumangazi ukuthi ayiwadingi amalensi engeziwe. Kodwa-ke, i-Quartet isivele isetshenziswe, ngakho-ke kubonakala kunzima ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-optics.

I-design physics yelensi evamile yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufaka ilensi yokusondeza emzimbeni omncane we-smartphone esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, abakhiqizi befoni bakwazile ukuzuza isilinganiso esiphezulu sezikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ngesikhathi sokubonwa ngenxa yokuma kwe-smartphone ye-sensor-lens evamile. Ukwengeza ilensi ye-telephoto ngokuvamile kusho ifoni ekhuluphale, inzwa encane, noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-optic egoqekayo.

Enye indlela yokuwela indawo okugxilwe kuyo yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi optics eziyinkimbinkimbi (eziyishumi). Inzwa yemojuli yekhamera ibekwe iqonde ocingweni futhi ibhekane nelensi nge-eksisi yokubona egijima emzimbeni wefoni. Isibuko noma i-prism ibekwe kwi-engeli elungile ukuze ibonise ukukhanya ukusuka endaweni yesehlakalo kuya kulensi nenzwa.

10. I-optics eyinkimbinkimbi ku-smartphone

Imiklamo yokuqala yalolu hlobo ibonise isibuko esigxilile esilungele amasistimu amalensi amabili njengemikhiqizo ye-Falcon ne-Corephotonics Hawkeye ehlanganisa ikhamera yomdabu kanye nedizayini eyinkimbinkimbi yelensi yocingo eyunithi eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, amaphrojekthi avela ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Light nawo aqala ukungena emakethe, esebenzisa izibuko ezihambayo ukuze ahlanganise izithombe ezivela kumakhamera amaningi.

Okuhluke ngokuphelele kwe-telephoto izithombe ze-angle ebanzi. Esikhundleni sokuvala amehlo, ukubuka okubanzi kubonisa okuningi okuphambi kwethu. Ukuthwebula izithombe kwe-Wide-engeli yethulwe njengohlelo lwelensi yesibili ku-LG G5 namafoni alandelayo.

Inketho ye-engeli ebanzi iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuthwebuleni izikhathi ezijabulisayo, njengokuba sesixukuni ekhonsathini noma endaweni enkulu kakhulu ukuthi ungayithwebula ngelensi encane. Kuhle futhi ekuthwebuleni izithombe zedolobha, izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, nezinye izinto amalensi avamile angeke azibone. Ngokuvamile asikho isidingo sokushintshela "kumodi" eyodwa noma enye, njengoba ikhamera ishintsha njengoba usondela noma uqhela kude nesihloko, esihlanganisa kahle nolwazi oluvamile lwekhamera ekukhamera. .

Ngokusho kwe-LG, u-50% wabasebenzisi bamakhamera amabili basebenzisa ilensi ye-engeli ebanzi njengekhamera yabo eyinhloko.

Njengamanje, wonke umugqa wama-smartphones usuvele ufakwe inzwa eyenzelwe ukuzivocavoca. izithombe ze-monochromeokungukuthi omnyama nomhlophe. Inzuzo yabo enkulu ukucija, yingakho abanye abathwebuli bezithombe bekhetha kanjalo.

Amafoni esimanje ahlakaniphe ngokwanele ukuhlanganisa lokhu bukhali nolwazi oluvela kuzinzwa zombala ukuze akhiqize ifremu ekhanyiswe ngokombono ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa ye-monochrome kuseyivelakancane. Uma ifakiwe, ngokuvamile ingahlukaniswa namanye amalensi. Le nketho ingatholakala kuzilungiselelo zohlelo lokusebenza lwekhamera.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinzwa zekhamera azizithathi imibala ngokwazo, zidinga uhlelo lokusebenza izihlungi zombala mayelana nosayizi wephikseli. Ngenxa yalokho, iphikseli ngalinye liqopha umbala owodwa kuphela—imvamisa obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Isamba esiwumphumela samaphikseli sidalelwa ukudala isithombe se-RGB esisebenzisekayo, kodwa kukhona ukuhwebelana kule nqubo. Esokuqala ukulahlekelwa ukulungiswa okubangelwa i-matrix yombala, futhi njengoba i-pixel ngayinye ithola ingxenye encane yokukhanya, ikhamera ayizweli njengedivayisi engenamatrix yesihlungi sombala. Kulapho umthwebuli wezithombe ozwelayo wekhwalithi esiza khona ngenzwa ye-monochrome ekwazi ukuthwebula futhi irekhode ngokulungiswa okugcwele konke ukukhanya okutholakalayo. Ukuhlanganisa isithombe esivela kukhamera ye-monochrome nesithombe esivela kukhamera eyinhloko ye-RGB kuphumela esithombeni sokugcina esinemininingwane eminingi.

Inzwa yesibili ye-monochrome ilungele lolu hlelo lokusebenza, kodwa akuyona inketho kuphela. I-Archos, isibonelo, yenza into efana ne-monochrome evamile, kodwa isebenzisa inzwa eyengeziwe ye-RGB yokuxazulula okuphezulu. Njengoba amakhamera amabili ehlukene kusuka komunye nomunye, inqubo yokuqondanisa nokuhlanganisa izithombe ezimbili ihlala inzima, futhi isithombe sokugcina ngokuvamile asiningiliziwe njengenguqulo ye-monochrome yokulungiswa okuphezulu.

Nokho, ngenxa yalokho, sithola ukuthuthuka okucacile kwekhwalithi uma kuqhathaniswa nesithombe esithathwe ngemojula yekhamera eyodwa.

Inzwa ejulile, esetshenziswa kumakhamera we-Samsung, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ivumela imiphumela yokufiphalisa yobungcweti kanye nokunikezwa okungcono kwe-AR kusetshenziswa womabili amakhamera angaphambili nangemuva. Kodwa-ke, amafoni asezingeni eliphezulu kancane kancane ashintsha izinzwa zokujula ngokuhlanganisa le nqubo kumakhamera angakwazi nokubona ukujula, njengamadivayisi anama-ultra-wide noma ama-telephoto lens.

Vele, izinzwa zokujula cishe zizoqhubeka nokuvela kumafoni athengekayo kanye nalawo ahlose ukudala imiphumela ejulile ngaphandle kokubona izinto ezibizayo, njenge imoto G7.

I-Augmented Reality, i.e. inguquko yangempela

Uma ifoni isebenzisa umehluko wezithombe ezivela kumakhamera amaningi ukuze idale imephu yebanga ukusuka kuyo endaweni ethile (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi imephu yokujula), ingasebenzisa lokho ukunika amandla. augmented engokoqobo app (AR). Izoyisekela, isibonelo, ekubekeni nasekuboniseni izinto zokwenziwa endaweni yesigcawu. Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sangempela, izinto zizokwazi ukuphila futhi zinyakaze.

Kokubili i-Apple ne-ARKit yayo ne-Android ene-ARCore ihlinzeka ngezinkundla ze-AR zamafoni anamakhamera amaningi. 

Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zezixazululo ezintsha ezivelayo ngokwanda kwama-smartphone anamakhamera amaningi impumelelo ye-Silicon Valley yokuqala uLucid. Kweminye imibuthano angase aziwe njengomdali I-VR180 LucidCam kanye nomcabango wezobuchwepheshe wedizayini yekhamera eyinguquko I-8K 3D ebomvu. 

Ochwepheshe be-Lucid bakhe inkundla Sula i-3D Fusion (11), esebenzisa ukufunda komshini nedatha yezibalo ukukala ngokushesha ukujula kwezithombe ngesikhathi sangempela. Le ndlela ivumela izici ebezingatholakali ngaphambilini kuma-smartphone, njengokulandela into ye-AR ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuthinta komzimba emoyeni kusetshenziswa izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu. 

11. I-Lucid Technology Visualization

Ngokombono wenkampani, ukwanda kwamakhamera kumafoni kuyindawo ewusizo kakhulu yezinzwa ezingokoqobo ezingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ezishumekwe kumakhompiyutha atholakala yonke indawo asebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza futhi ahlala exhunywe ku-inthanethi. Kakade, amakhamera ahlakaniphile ayakwazi ukuhlonza nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi sihloseni. Zisivumela ukuthi siqoqe idatha ebonakalayo futhi sibuke izinto ezingokoqobo ezingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ezibekwe emhlabeni wangempela.

Isofthiwe ye-Lucid ingaguqula idatha isuka kumakhamera amabili iyise ulwazi lwe-3D olusetshenziselwa ukwenza imephu yesikhathi sangempela nokuqoshwa kwesigcawu ngolwazi olujulile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi udale ngokushesha amamodeli e-3D nemidlalo yevidiyo ye-XNUMXD. Le nkampani yasebenzisa i-LucidCam yayo ukuhlola ukwandisa ububanzi bombono womuntu ngesikhathi lapho ama-smartphones amakhamera amabili ayeyingxenye encane yemakethe.

Abahlaziyi abaningi baveza ukuthi ngokugxila kuphela ezicini zezithombe zokuba khona kwama-smartphones amakhamera amaningi, asiboni ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bungaletha ini ngempela. Thatha i-iPhone, isibonelo, esebenzisa ama-algorithms okufunda komshini ukuskena izinto endaweni, udale imephu ye-XNUMXD ejulile yesikhathi sangempela yendawo nezinto. Isofthiwe isebenzisa lokhu ukuze ihlukanise ingemuva kusukela ngaphambili ukuze igxile ngokukhetha ezintweni ezikuyo. Imiphumela ye-bokeh ewumphumela ingamaqhinga nje. Kukhona okunye okubalulekile.

Isofthiwe eyenza lokhu kuhlaziywa kwesigcawu esibonakalayo idala ngesikhathi esisodwa iwindi elibonakalayo lomhlaba wangempela. Ngokusebenzisa ukubonwa kokuthinta kwesandla, abasebenzisi bazokwazi ukusebenzisana ngokwemvelo nomhlaba ongokoqobo oxubile besebenzisa le mephu yendawo, nge-accelerometer yocingo kanye nedatha ye-GPS yokuthola kanye nokushayela izinguquko endleleni umhlaba omele futhi uthuthuke ngayo.

ngalokho Ukwengeza amakhamera kuma-smartphones, ubumnandi obubonakala bungenalutho kanye nokuncintisana kokuthi ubani onikela kakhulu, ekugcineni kungase kuthinte ngokuyisisekelo ukuxhumana komshini, bese-ke, ngubani owaziyo, izindlela zokuxhumana nabantu..

Kodwa-ke, ukubuyela emkhakheni wezithombe, abahlaziyi abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi izixazululo zamakhamera amaningi zingase zibe isipikili sokugcina ebhokisini lezinhlobo eziningi zamakhamera, njengamakhamera we-digital SLR. Ukwephula imigoqo yekhwalithi yesithombe kusho ukuthi imishini yezithombe ekhethekile yekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela ezogcina i-raison d'être. Okufanayo kungenzeka ngamakhamera aqopha ividiyo.

Ngamanye amazwi, ama-smartphone afakwe amasethi amakhamera ezinhlobo ezahlukene ngeke athathe indawo yezithombe ezilula nje kuphela, kodwa futhi namadivayisi amaningi ochwepheshe. Ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngempela kusenzima ukwahlulela. Kuze kube manje, bakubheka njengempumelelo.

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