Ingabe ibhethri elingalungiseki lingashajwa?
Lapho uthengiswa ungathola izinhlobo ezintathu zamabhethri: anesevisi, anamasevisi kancane futhi angalungiswa. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala cishe azisakhiqizi, kodwa ukuhlanganisa kwayo ukuthi umnikazi uyakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo zonke "i-insides" yebhethri, akakwazi nje ukuhlola izinga lokuminyana kanye ne-electrolyte, engeza amanzi a-distilled, kodwa futhi athathe indawo yamapuleti.
Amabhethri asetshenziswa kancane yiwo avame kakhulu namuhla. Izinzuzo zabo eziyinhloko:
- amapulaki kulula ukuwasusa;
- ungabheka izinga le-electrolyte bese wengeza amanzi;
- kulula ukulawula inqubo yokushaja - kulokhu kwanele ukulinda isikhathi lapho i-electrolyte iqala ukubilisa.
Kodwa ukukhishwa kwalolu hlobo lwamabhethri okuqala kuwukuqina okuphansi - ama-electrolyte vapors ahlala ephuma ngama-valve kuma-plugs futhi kufanele wengeze njalo amanzi a-distilled. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi yilolu hlobo lwebhethri olumelelwa kabanzi ekuthengisweni, futhi izinga lentengo lisukela kumnotho kuya esigabeni se-premium.
Amabhethri anganakekeli: idizayini kanye nezinzuzo zawo
Eminyakeni yakamuva, abakhiqizi abaningi bayaqala ukukhiqiza amabhethri anganakekelwa. Zifakwe ngamaphesenti angama-90 ezimotweni ezintsha, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenziwe e-EU, Japan nase-USA. Sesike sakhuluma ngezici zalolu hlobo lwebhethri ku-portal yethu ye-vodi.su. Ngaphakathi kwamathini amabhethri angenayo isondlo, njengomthetho, ayikho i-electrolyte ewuketshezi evamile, kodwa ijeli esekelwe ku-polypropylene (ubuchwepheshe be-AGM) noma i-silicon oxide (i-silicone).
Izinzuzo zalawa mabhethri:
- ukulahlekelwa kwe-electrolyte ngokuhwamuka kuyancishiswa;
- ukubekezelela kalula ukudlidliza okuqinile;
- impilo ende yesevisi;
- ungalahlekelwa yizinga lokushaja ngisho namazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-zero;
- cishe ukugcinwa mahhala.
Kuma-minuses, amaphuzu alandelayo angahlukaniswa. Okokuqala, ngobukhulu obufanayo, banokuncane kokuqala kwamanje kanye nekhono. Okwesibili, isisindo sazo sidlula isisindo samabhethri e-lead-asidi asetshenziswayo. Okwesithathu, zibiza ngaphezulu. Akudingekile ukulahlekelwa umbono wokuthi amabhethri anganakekeli awakubekezeleli ukuchithwa okugcwele kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziyingozi emvelweni ziqukethwe ngaphakathi, ngakho amabhethri ejeli kanye ne-AGM kufanele agaywe kabusha.
Kungani amabhethri anganakekeli ephela ngokushesha?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zebhethri yemoto, ukukhishwa kuyinqubo yemvelo yayo. Ngokufanelekile, amandla asetshenziswa ukuqalisa injini anxeshezelwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza yi-generator. Okusho ukuthi, uma wenza uhambo oluvamile emabangeni amade, ngenkathi ushayela ngesivinini esingaguquki, ibhethri ishajwa ezingeni elidingekayo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle.
Kodwa-ke, izakhamizi zasemadolobheni amakhulu zisebenzisa izimoto ikakhulukazi ukuhamba emigwaqweni ephithizelayo, nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo:
- isivinini esijwayelekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni asidluli ku-15-20 km/h;
- ukuminyana kwezimoto njalo;
- ima emarobhothini nasezimpambanweni.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo ibhethri ayinaso isikhathi sokushaja kusuka ku-generator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto eziningi ezine-automatic, manual kanye ne-CVT transmissions zifakelwe izinhlelo ezifana ne-Start-Stop System. Ingqikithi yayo iwukuthi ngesikhathi sokuma injini icishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla kubathengi (i-radio tape rekhoda, i-air conditioning) inikezwa ebhethri. Uma umshayeli ecindezela i-clutch pedal noma ekhulula ibhuleki, injini iyaqala. Ezimotweni ezinohlelo lwe-Start-Stop, iziqalisi zifakiwe eziklanyelwe iziqalo eziningi, kodwa umthwalo ebhethri mkhulu ngempela, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphakama umbuzo: kungenzeka yini ukushaja amabhethri angalondolozi.
Ukushaja Ibhethri Elinganakekeli: Incazelo Yenqubo
Inketho ekahle yokushaja ukusebenzisa iziteshi zokushaja ezizenzakalelayo ezingadingi ukugadwa. Ucingo luxhunywe kuma-electrode ebhethri futhi lushiywe isikhathi esithile. Ngokushesha nje lapho izinga lebhethri lifinyelela inani elifunekayo, ishaja iyayeka ukuhlinzeka ngamatheminali.
Iziteshi ezinjalo zokushaja ezizimele zinezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokushaja: i-voltage yamanje, ukushaja kancane, i-Boost - ukushaja okusheshisiwe ku-voltage ephezulu, okuthatha ihora elilodwa.
Uma usebenzisa ishaja evamile ene-ammeter ne-voltmeter, kufanele kulandelwe imihlahlandlela elandelayo lapho ushaja ibhethri elingalungiswa:
- bala izinga lokukhipha ibhethri;
- setha i-1/10 yamanje kusuka kumthamo webhethri - ama-amperes angu-6 webhethri engu-60 Ah (inani elinconyiwe, kodwa uma usetha i-current ephakeme, ibhethri lingamane lishise);
- I-voltage (i-voltage) ikhethiwe kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sokushaja - esiphezulu, ibhethri izoshajwa ngokushesha, kodwa awukwazi ukusetha i-voltage ngaphezu kwe-volts engu-15.
- ngezikhathi ezithile sibheka i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri - uma ifinyelela ku-12,7 volts, ibhethri ishajwa.
Naka lesi sikhathi. Uma ukushajwa kabusha kwenziwa ngendlela eqhubekayo yokuhlinzeka nge-voltage, isibonelo 14 noma 15 Volts, khona-ke leli nani lingancipha njengoba lishajwa. Uma yehla ibe ngu-0,2 volts, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ibhethri alisakwamukeli ukushajwa, ngakho liyashajwa.
Izinga lokukhipha linqunywa uhlelo olulula:
- 12,7 V kumatheminali - amaphesenti angu-100 akhokhisiwe;
- 12,2 - 50 amaphesenti okukhishwa;
- 11,7 - zero ukushaja.
Uma ibhethri elinganakekeli livame ukushajwa ngokuphelele, lokhu kungaba yingozi kulo. Kudingeka ukuya esiteshini sesevisi futhi wenze ukuxilongwa kokuvuza kwamanje. Njengendlela yokuvimbela, noma yiliphi ibhethri - elinikezwe isevisi nelingagadiwe - kufanele lishajwe ngamaza aphansi. Uma ibhethri lilisha, njengebhethri ye-smartphone noma i-laptop, kuyanconywa ukuthi uyishaje - kuhle, shayela ibanga elide. Kodwa ukushaja ngemodi ye-Boost, okungukuthi, ukusheshisa, kunconywa kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, njengoba kuholela ekugqokeni kwebhethri okusheshayo kanye ne-plate sulfation.
Iyalayisha...
