Amafutha enjini: amaminerali noma okokwenziwa? Ukukhetha nokushintsha

Thola umehluko phakathi kwamafutha okwenziwa, i-semi-synthetic (semi-synthetic) kanye namafutha amaminerali. Siphinde seluleka ukuthi yikuphi uwoyela ongcono ukuwagcwalisa uma kunesidingo, kuyilapho ungazi ukuthi yimaphi amafutha enjini.

Amafutha enjini angolunye loketshezi olubaluleke kakhulu emotweni. Inesibopho sokugcoba iyunithi yokushayela, inciphisa ukungqubuzana kwezingxenye zenjini phakathi nokusebenza, iyigcine ihlanzekile, futhi isebenza njengethuluzi lokupholisa.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amafutha anconywe umenzi wemoto - kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina injini isesimweni esihle.

Nokho, ukukhathazeka okuzenzakalelayo kuvame ukukhipha izitifiketi zamafutha athile, i.e. izivumelwano zamalayisense. Isibonelo, iGeneral Motors incoma ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini agunyaziwe i-dexos2 ezimotweni zakamuva zenkampani (i-Opel ne-Chevrolet). Uma usebenzisa uwoyela ohlukile futhi ulimaza injini yakho, ungase ube nezinkinga ngokulungiswa kwewaranti yamahhala. Kodwa kungenzeka kakhulu ukushaya emakhazeni, ngoba ukuba nemoto ngaphansi kwewaranti, sivame ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zesiteshi sesevisi esigunyaziwe, lapho abasebenzi benkonzo bekhetha amafutha afanele.   

Emashalofini ezitolo, singathola uwoyela wokwenziwa, we-semi-synthetic kanye namaminerali. 

Njengoba uPavel Mastalerek, umphathi wezobuchwepheshe weCastrol, esichazela, ahluke emafutheni ayisisekelo kanye namaphakheji okucebisa.

Amafutha okwenziwa

Amafutha okwenziwa okwamanje angawoyela acwaningwa kakhulu futhi athuthukiswe kakhulu, ngakho ahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zabakhiqizi benjini, futhi lawa ma-motor ahlala isikhathi eside futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ama-synthetics aphakeme kunamafutha amaminerali kanye ne-semi-synthetic kuzo zonke izici. Angasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kanye nengcindezi ephakeme ezindaweni ezigcotshisiwe kunezo zamaminerali noma zokwenziwa kancane. Ngenxa yokumelana kwabo nokushisa okuphezulu, abaqoqi ngendlela yediphozithi ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zenjini, okwandisa impilo yayo yesevisi. 

Bheka futhi: Uwoyela, uphethiloli, izihlungi zomoya - zingashintsha nini futhi kanjani? Umhlahlandlela

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ziwuketshezi impela emazingeni okushisa aphansi - zihlala ziwuketshezi kuze kufike ku-60 degrees Celsius. Ngakho-ke, benza kube lula ukuqala injini ebusika, okunzima uma kuneqhwa eliqinile lapho usebenzisa amafutha amaminerali aminyene.

Futhi zinciphisa ukumelana nokungqubuzana nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Bagcina kangcono injini ihlanzekile ngokunciphisa amadiphozithi kuyo. Izikhawu zokushintshwa kwazo zinde ngoba zikhula kancane. Ngakho-ke, bangasebenza kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi imodi yokuphila ende, i.e. i-mileage anda phakathi kwezinguquko zikawoyela emotweni. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi izimoto eziningi ezintsha zisebenzisa ama-synthetics.

Amafutha we-semi-synthetic

Ama-Semi-synthetics afana nezakhiwo eziningi kuma-synthetics, ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okungcono kwenjini kunamafutha amaminerali. Singasho ukuthi ziyibhuloho ekuguquleni kusuka ku-synthetic kuya kuwoyela wamaminerali. Awekho izindinganiso ezikhethekile zokuthi nini futhi ngaliphi imayela okudingeka ushintshe usuka kuwoyela wokwenziwa uye ku-semi-synthetic. Ngisho noma imoto ihambe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa, kodwa idrayivu ayinazo izimpawu zokugqoka futhi isebenza ngokugcwele, akunconywa ukwenqaba ama-synthetics.

I-semi-synthetics ingaba yisixazululo uma sifuna ukonga imali. Uwoyela onjalo ushibhile kunowokwenziwa futhi unikeza ukuvikelwa kwenjini okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ilitha lamafutha okwenziwa ngokuvamile abiza ngaphezu kwe-PLN 30, amanani angafinyelela ku-PLN 120. Sizokhokha cishe i-PLN 25-30 ye-semi-synthetics kanye ne-PLN 18-20 yamanzi amaminerali.

Amafutha amaminerali

Amafutha amaminerali awaseyona ikhwalithi ephansi njengoba ayenjalo eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kodwa noma kunjalo ayimibi kakhulu yazo zonke izinhlobo. Kunconywa ukuwasebenzisa ezinjini ezindala ezine-mileage ephezulu, kanye nalapho kwenzeka ukushiswa kwamafutha, i.e. lapho imoto idla amafutha amaningi.

Bheka futhi: Isikhathi - ukushintshwa, ibhande kanye ne-chain drive. Umhlahlandlela

Uma sithenga imoto eke yasetshenziswa, njengemoto eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala enenjini eguge kakhulu futhi asinaso isiqiniseko sokuthi yimaphi amafutha ayesetshenziswa ngaphambili, kuphephe kakhudlwana ukukhetha amafutha amaminerali noma ama-semi-synthetic ukuze ugweme ukushaywa. umsizi - lokhu kungaholela ekuvuzeni noma ekunciphiseni izinga lokugqoka kokucindezela, okungukuthi, ingcindezi enjinini.

- Uma siqiniseka ukuthi imoto, naphezu kwe-mileage ephakeme, yayisebenza ngamafutha okwenziwa, ungasebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwamafutha, kodwa nge-viscosity ephakeme, uncoma uPavel Mastalerek. - Ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini, kanye nokunciphisa umsindo okhishwa idrayivu.

Izimpawu zamafutha

Imingcele ye-viscosity ethandwa kakhulu (ukumelana nowoyela ukugeleza - i-viscosity ivame ukudidaniswa nokuqina) ye-synthetics yi-5W-30 noma i-5W-40. I-Semi-synthetics ifana ne-viscosity efanayo - 10W-40. Amafutha amaminerali 15W-40, 20W-40, 15W-50 ayatholakala emakethe.

Uchwepheshe weCastrol uchaza ukuthi inkomba enohlamvu W ibonisa i-viscosity emazingeni okushisa aphansi, futhi inkomba ngaphandle kwencwadi W - emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. 

Lapho i-viscosity iphansi, iyancipha ukumelana nowoyela ngakho-ke kwehla nokuncipha kwamandla enjini. Ngokulandelayo, i-viscosity ephezulu ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okungcono kwenjini ekugugeni. Ngakho-ke, i-viscosity yamafutha kufanele ibe ukuyekethisa phakathi kwalezi zidingo ezimbi kakhulu.

Izinjini zikaphethiloli, udizili, izimoto ezifakwe i-LPG nesihlungi se-DPF

Izindinganiso zekhwalithi zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili ziyehluka, kodwa amafutha atholakala emakethe ahlangabezana nakho kokubili. Ngenxa yalokho, kunzima ukuthola uwoyela oklanyelwe udizili noma izinjini zikaphethiloli kuphela.

Umehluko omkhulu kakhulu kuwoyela ungenxa yokwakhiwa kwezinjini nemishini yazo. Amafutha ayahluka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezihlungi zezinhlayiyana ze-DPF (FAP), i-TWC yezindlela ezintathu zokusebenzisa umjovo, amasistimu omjovo omjovo weyunithi ejwayelekile, noma impilo ende kawoyela. Lo mehluko kufanele ube obaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha uwoyela wenjini.

Kufanelekile ukungeza ukuthi amafutha kufanele asetshenziselwe izimoto ezinesihlungi se-DPF.

ekhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe be-low-ash (Low SAPS). Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokugcwalisa lezihlungi ze-particle. Amafutha anjalo esigabeni se-ACEA aqokwe i-C1, i-C2, i-C3 (imvamisa ukutuswa abakhiqizi benjini) noma i-C4.  

- Emafutheni ahloselwe izimoto zabagibeli, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola amafutha omlotha ophansi ngaphandle kwawokwenziwa, kusho uPavel Mastalerek. - Amafutha omlotha ophansi nawo asetshenziswa emafutheni amaloli, futhi lapha ungathola amafutha okwenziwa, ama-semi-synthetic futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namaminerali.

Bheka futhi: Ukusebenza kwe-Gearbox - ukugwema kanjani ukulungisa okumba eqolo

Ezimotweni ezifakwe igesi, kukhona amafutha emakethe anamalebula okuchazwa ukuthi ashintshwa ukuze afane nezimoto ezinjalo. Nokho, abakhiqizi bomhlaba abawabonisi ngokuqondile amafutha anjalo. Imingcele yemikhiqizo yezinjini zikaphethiloli ihlangabezana ngempumelelo nazo zonke izidingo.  

Kuyini ukugcwalisa?

Ilitha likawoyela esiqwini ukuze kukhuliswe izinga lawo enjinini libalulekile - ikakhulukazi uma sizohamba emizileni emide. Ukuze sifake uphethiloli, kufanele sibe nowoyela ofanayo nowasenjinini. Ulwazi mayelana nalokhu lungatholakala encwadini yesevisi noma ephepheni elishiywe umakhenikha ngaphansi kwe-hood ngemva kokuyishintsha.

Ungakwazi futhi ukufunda imanuwali yomnikazi yemoto. Imingcele ikhonjiswe lapho: i-viscosity - isibonelo, i-SAE 5W-30, i-SAE 10W-40, ikhwalithi - isibonelo, i-ACEA A3 / B4, API SL / CF, VW 507.00, MB 229.51, BMW Longlife-01. Ngakho-ke, izidingo eziyinhloko okufanele sihambisane nazo izinga kanye namazinga e-viscosity ashiwo umenzi.

Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi i-refueling iyadingeka ohambweni, futhi umshayeli akazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwamafutha u-serviceman owagcwalisa. NgokukaRafal Witkowski wakwa-KAZ, umsabalalisi kawoyela, kungcono ukuthenga abiza kakhulu, angcono kakhulu egalaji likaphethiloli noma esitolo sezimoto. Khona-ke amathuba okuthi lokhu kuzokhubaza izakhiwo zamafutha enjini azoba ngaphansi.

Kukhona enye indlela yokuphuma. Ku-inthanethi, kumawebhusayithi abakhiqizi bakawoyela wenjini, ungathola izinjini zokusesha ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izinto zokugcoba zamakhulu ezinhlobo zezimoto.

Ushintsho lukawoyela

Kufanele silandele izincomo zomkhiqizi zokushintshwa kwesikhathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesihlungi samafutha, ngokuvamile njalo ngonyaka noma ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-20. km. Kepha izinjini ezintsha zivame ukuba namakhilomitha amaningi - afika ku-30 ​​XNUMX. km noma iminyaka emibili.

Ezimotweni ezisebenza ngegesi, kunconywa ukushintshwa kaningi. Ukuphila kukawoyela kufanele kube kufushane ngamaphesenti angama-25. Isizathu siwukuthi izithasiselo emafutheni zidliwa ngokushesha, okubandakanya. ngenxa yokuba khona kwesibabule kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza. 

Bheka futhi: Ukufakwa kwegesi - indlela yokujwayela imoto ukuze isebenze kugesi owuketshezi - umhlahlandlela

Khumbula ukuhlola izinga likawoyela njalo - okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinemoto endala noma entsha. 

Ukushintsha uwoyela kubiza cishe i-PLN 12, nakuba ngokuvamile kumahhala uma uthenga uwoyela esitolo sesevisi. Kungase futhi kubize kakhulu uma iklayenti liza nowoyela walo. Isihlungi sibiza cishe ama-PLN angama-30. 

izindaba

* I-Castrol - I-Castrol EDGE z Fluid Strength Technology,

* I-ExxonMobil — I-Mobil 1 ESP 0W-40,

* I-Итого - Isamba se-QUARTZ Ineo Impilo ende 5W30,

* I-Xenum - WRX 7,5W40 - Kuyathakazelisa, lawa mafutha e-ceramic aseBelgium ane-viscosity engavamile, amhlophe,

* I-Valvoline — SynPower MST C4 SAE 5W-30,

* I-Lotus - I-Lotus Quasar K / FE 5W30, i-Lotus Quasar S 0W20, i-Lotus Synthetic Plus 5W40, i-Lotus Synthetic Turbodiesel Plus 5W40, i-Lotus Semi-synthetic HBO 10W40, i-Lotus Mineral HBO 15W40. 

* I-Orlen Oil — PLATINUM MaxExpert V 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert F 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert XD 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert XF 5W-30. 

Umbhalo nesithombe: Piotr Walchak