Kungani imoto inyakaza, i-troit kanye nezitolo - izimbangela ezivame kakhulu
Okuqukethwe
Uma imoto inyakaza, i-troit kanye nezitolo ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izenzo zomshayeli noma ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, khona-ke enye yamasilinda ihlale ingumthombo wenkinga.
Abanikazi bezimoto ezindala, futhi ngokuvamile ezintsha, okungenani kanye bahlangana nokusebenza okungazinzile kweyunithi yamandla, lapho abashayeli abanolwazi bathi "injini ye-troit". Isizathu sokuthi kungani i-troit yemoto kanye nezitolo zihlale zihlobene nesimo sobuchwepheshe semoto noma izinhlelo zayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-jerky engazinzile kwenjini kuyisizathu esibucayi sokuhlola okujulile kwe "inhliziyo" yemoto.
Uma injini iyi-troit, khona-ke kukhona okungaphakathi kwayo okunephutha noma akulungisiwe.
Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "troit"?
Izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezine-stroke ezifakwe ezimotweni namaloli, ukwakheka nokusebenza kwazo, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle okuvame kakhulu nezimbangela zazo, sikhulume ngazo kulezi zihloko:
- Imoto ihlezi ingenzi lutho.
- Imoto iqala futhi ngokushesha izitebele lapho kubanda - kungaba yini izizathu.
- Iyashisa.
Igama elithi "troit" lavela ngenkathi yezinjini ezine-cylinder, lapho kwakungekho amayunithi amandla anamasilinda ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Futhi kwakusho ukuthi isilinda esisodwa sayeka ukusebenza, zintathu kuphela ezisebenzayo. Ngenxa yalokho, umsindo okhishwa injini uyashintsha: esikhundleni sokuduma, kuvela uhlobo oluthile lwe-dissonance.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla eyunithi yamandla nokuzinza kokusebenza kwawo kwehla kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ngokuphambene nalokho, kukhula ngokuphawulekayo. Imvamisa, iyunithi yamandla enjalo ibamba lapho isebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi lapho umshayeli ecindezela ngokushelela noma ngokucijile i-gas pedal. Okunye ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sici ukudlidliza okunamandla okunesigqi esimangelengele.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi imayela nokuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ikusiphi isimo, le nkinga isengenzeka.
Khumbula, uma imoto inyakaza, i-troits kanye nezitolo ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izenzo zomshayeli noma ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, khona-ke umthombo wenkinga uhlala ungomunye wamasilinda angasebenzi ngendlela evamile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi injini isebenza ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nokuthola isilinda esingasebenzi, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ezinjinini zikaphethiloli, khipha ngokuhlukile amathiphu ezintambo zezikhali ngekhandlela. Uma, ngemva kokukhipha ucingo, injini yaqala ukusebenza kabi kakhulu, khona-ke lesi silinda sisebenza, kodwa uma umsebenzi ungashintshile, khona-ke i-cylinder enesici itholakele.
- Kumayunithi kagesi wedizili, qaqa amapulaki akhanyayo ngokuqala ngokukhipha intambo evamile kuwo bese uyibeka endaweni ye-dielectric. Uma uthola i-cylinder enesici, injini ngeke isabele nganoma iyiphi indlela noma kancane kakhulu ekuqaqambeni kwekhandlela.
Ukukhubeka kwenjini kuhlala kuhambisana nokudlidliza, okungazwakala ngezandla zakho noma kubonakale.
Kungani injini troit
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani umshini we-troits kanye nezitolo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye noma izinhlelo ezingathinta ukusebenza kwe-cylinder eyodwa kuphela. Inkinga ukuthi ngokuvamile kuba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu kuziphatha. Isibonelo, isihlungi somoya esivalekile sinciphisa ukutholakala komoya, kodwa kunomoya owanele emakamelweni amaningi avuthayo, kodwa elinye lawo lidala ukucindezelwa okuncane noma libe nenkinga yokuthungela ingxube. Kodwa-ke, izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani imoto iqala, i-troit kanye nezitolo yizinkinga ezilandelayo zomunye wamasilinda:
- kokucindezelwa ongaphakeme;
- i-armored wire engalungile;
- i-spark plug engalungile;
- ukungasebenzi kahle komsabalalisi;
- ukungasebenzi kwekhoyili eyodwa yokuthungela noma omunye wabaxhumene nabo;
- Omunye wama-injection unephutha.
Ukucindezelwa okuphansi
Wonke amakamelo omlilo weyunithi eyodwa yamandla enziwe ngezinto ezifanayo: ukwehla kokucindezela kwenzeka ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Ngisho nalapho amasongo e-piston ecwila, umehluko wengcindezi edaliwe aweqi i-atm engu-1–2 futhi awukwazi ukubangela umshini ukunyakazisa nokuma. Phela, ngenxa yalokhu, ukwehla kokucindezela kufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu. Ngokucindezelwa kwe-6 atm ye-petroli kanye ne-20 yamayunithi amandla kadizili, injini imbi, kodwa iyasebenza, kodwa ukwehla okwengeziwe kuholela ekumeni. Ngakho-ke, umkhawulo ophansi wokucindezela uyinani le-5 atm kuphethiloli kanye ne-18 yeyunithi yamandla edizili.
Isilinganiso sokucindezela injini
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zalokhu kwehla kwengcindezi yilezi:
- ukuphuka kwe-cylinder head gasket (ikhanda le-cylinder);
- ukushisa kwe-valve;
- ukushisa kwe-piston.
Khumbula: ukuwohloka kuphela kwe-cylinder head gasket kwenzeka ngaphandle kokubonakala kwezimpawu zokuqala futhi esikhathini esifushane kakhulu (imizuzu embalwa), kuyilapho ezinye izinkinga zikhula kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke lezi zinkinga ziwumphumela wokusebenza okungalungile noma isimo esibi sobuchwepheshe bemoto. Ukusebenzisa kabi kungase kuhlanganise:
- ukushayela ngophethiloli omubi;
- umsebenzi omude kumodi yokushisa;
- ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-motor ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu.
Nakekela imoto yakho futhi uyisebenzise ngokucophelela, lokhu kuzovikela injini ekwehleni okukhulu kokucindezelwa kwelinye lamasilinda. Ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla kuhlanganisa:
- isikhathi sokushisa esingalungile (UOZ);
- ukushayela isikhathi eside kungxube ecebile noma ethambile (isihlungi somoya esingcolile, njll.);
- izinga elinganele le-antifreeze.
Ukuze ugweme izimo lapho imoto ngezinye izikhathi inyakaza futhi izitebele ngenxa yalezi zinkinga, xilonga injini kabili ngonyaka noma kaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imoto indala, izikhawu phakathi kwamasheke kufanele zibe mfishane.
Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukukala ukucindezelwa kwenjini.
Intambo ye-armored enephutha
Imvamisa, ukungasebenzi kahle kwentambo ye-armored, ngenxa yokuthi i-troit yemoto, igcina futhi iqala kabi, ukuxhumana okungalungile ne-spark plug noma i-coil coil terminal. Ungazama ukuvula othintana nabo kusukela ohlangothini lwekhoyili, ngoba ucingo lwe-armored lufakwe kulo futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, cindezela ithiphu kusukela ohlangothini lwekhandlela, ngoba lubekwe kule ngxenye. Uma ungazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani ukulungisa okunjalo noma uma kungasebenzi, kushintshe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlela kabusha izintambo ze-armored eziseduze ezindaweni, bese ususa intambo eshintshwayo. Ukuwohloka okwengeziwe kwenjini kuzoqinisekisa ukungasebenzi kahle kocingo oluhlomile, kodwa uma injini ingashintshi, bheka esinye isizathu.
Ipulaki ye-spark engalungile
Uma ukushintshwa kocingo oluhlomile aluzange lusebenze, ngoba i-troit yemoto kanye nezitolo, qaqa futhi uhlole ikhandlela. Noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwayo kungaba umphumela wakho kokubili ukukhubazeka kwefekthri kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezobuchwepheshe kweyunithi yamandla, isibonelo, ukusebenza kabi komunye wemibhobho. Ukuze uthole imbangela, faka i-spark plug entsha bese uhlola isimo sayo ngemva kwamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa. Uma ihlanzekile futhi ingashiswa, khona-ke inkinga iyisici sefekthri, noma kunjalo, i-black plaque noma ezinye iziphambeko ziqinisekisa isimo esibi sobuchwepheshe benjini.
Ukungasebenzi kahle komsabalalisi
Ezinjinini ze-carburetor, umsabalalisi, kanye nesilayidi sokusabalalisa umlilo, basabalalisa ama-high-voltage amandla emakhandlela esilinda ngasinye. Uma omunye othintana naye we-distributor eshiswa noma embozwe ukungcola, khona-ke amandla e-spark e-cylinder ehambisanayo azoba mancane, okuvame ukuholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-troit yemoto kanye nezitolo lapho i-gas pedal icindezelwa noma kwezinye izindlela. Ngezinye izikhathi umonakalo kothintana naye awubonakali ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwengxenye: uma kunikezwe izindleko zayo eziphansi, sincoma ukuthi esikhundleni salo kube esisha.
Ibukeka njengesabalalisi senjini ye-carburetor
Ukungasebenzi kwekhoyili eyodwa yokuthungela noma omunye wabaxhumene nabo
Izinjini zomjovo zifakwe amakhoyili amaningana okuthungela, ngoba lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulahle umsabalalisi wama-archaic futhi ulawule ukusatshalaliswa kwama-pulses ane-voltage ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ama-spark plugs usebenzisa i-electronic control unit (ECU) yenjini. Uma umshini ugoqa, ama-troit stalls ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwelinye lamakhoyili, ungawabheka ngomhloli ngokuwushintshela kumodi yokushintsha ukumelana. Ekusongelweni okuyinhloko, ukumelana kuka-0,5–2 ohms kuvamile, ku-5–10 kOhm yesibili, nokho, idatha enembe kakhudlwana kufanele kufunwe emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yemoto yakho.
Uma ukumelana kwanoma yimaphi ama-windings kuhluke kulokho okuchazwe emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe, khona-ke ikhoyili inephutha futhi kufanele ishintshwe. Khumbula - uma ukumelana kuphansi kakhulu kunendinganiso, kusho ukuthi ukuphenduka okunye kokuvunguza kuvaliwe komunye nomunye, lokhu kubangela usongo olukhulu kukhompyutha, ngoba ingashisa ama-transistors abalulekile. Uma ukumelana kwanoma yikuphi ukusonga kuphezulu ngokuphawulekayo kunezinga, khona-ke kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwesithiyo phakathi kwetheminali nocingo lwamanxeba, isibonelo, ukuthintana okungafakwanga. Lokhu akubangeli usongo ku-ECU, kodwa ingxenye isadinga ukushintshwa.
Omunye wama-injection unephutha
Uma, lapho igesi icindezelwa, umjovo noma umshini we-diesel kanye nezitolo, khona-ke i-nozzle engalungile iyimbangela engenzeka. Nazi izici ezivame kakhulu zalezi zingxenye:
- ukuncipha kwe-outlet ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-resinous;
- ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukulungiswa kwe-valve okungalungile;
- ukuphuka noma ukujikeleza okufushane kwe-winding;
- ukulimala kwento ye-piezoelectric noma idrayivu yayo.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-nozzle ekhaya, ngoba lokhu kudinga ukuma okukhethekile, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthintana ne-fueler enhle onayo yonke imishini edingekayo.
Uma i-injection eyodwa inephutha, injini izophinda kathathu
Okufanele ukwenze uma injini iqala ukuhamba
Kubanikazi abaningi bezimoto abangenayo imfundo eyisipesheli yobuchwepheshe, isizathu esenza amatafula nezitolo zezimoto kubonakale kuxakile futhi kungaqondakali. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nomakhenikha we-auto novice uyazi ukuthi lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kokukhubazeka kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, ngesibonakaliso sokuqala sokuphinda kathathu, yenza ukuxilonga, kodwa uma ungazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu, noma ungenayo imishini edingekayo, thintana nabaseduze, futhi mhlawumbe isevisi yemoto ethembekile. Umakhenikha onolwazi uzonquma imbangela ngemizuzu engu-5-10, emva kwalokho uzonikeza izinketho zokuxazulula inkinga.
Naka lapho kuvela ukukhubeka. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngenjini ebandayo, futhi ngemva kokufudumala, ukusebenza okuvamile kubuyiselwa, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokudlula "ngegazi elincane", okungukuthi, ukulungiswa okuncane nokungabizi. Isimo esifanayo senzeka ngesikhathi sokuzinza okungazinzile, kuvame ukwanele ukulungisa injini nezinhlelo zayo, emva kwalokho i-triling izonyamalala.
Lapho kuvela iphutha ngemuva kokufudumala, okungukuthi, i-hot unit troit, ukulungiswa okungathi sína kuyadingeka. Phela, ngaphezu kwama-valve aboshwe, anciphisa kancane ukucindezela ngemva kokufudumala, kunezinye izizathu, umphumela ohlangene ovala isilinda esisodwa ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwenjini.
isiphetho
Isizathu sokuthi kungani i-troit yemoto kanye nezitolo kuhlale kuhlobene nesimo sobuchwepheshe benjini kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezengeziwe (ukuthungela nokulungiswa kwengxube ye-air-fuel). Ngakho-ke, isivikelo esingcono kakhulu sokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo ukuxilonga okuvamile kweyunithi yamandla kanye nokuqedwa ngokushesha kwezinkinga ezincane.
