Amafutha enjini "Nsuku zonke". Ingabe kufanelekile ukuthenga?
Okuqukethwe
Izici
Kufanele kuqashelwe ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi uwoyela wenjini yaNsuku zonke awulona uhlobo olusha oluzimele olukhiqizwa ezindaweni ezihlukene zokukhiqiza. Amafutha akhiqizwa yi-SintOil, umkhiqizi owaziwayo waseRussia wamafutha okugcoba angabizi, futhi afakwe emabhodleleni edolobheni lase-Obninsk, esifundeni saseKaluga. Futhi ikhasimende inethiwekhi yokuhweba "Auchan". Lawa mafutha, ngendlela, angathengwa kuphela ezitolo zale nethiwekhi.
Ku-inthanethi, esisetshenziswa esigunyaziwe, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri yala mafutha ithunyelwa. Uma sicubungula izinhlobo ezimbili zamafutha aNsuku zonke (5W40 kanye ne-10W40), sizoncika emiphumeleni yalezi zifundo. Okokuqala, umenzi ku-canister akabonisi cishe noma yiluphi ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizo, ulwazi olujwayelekile kuphela. Okwesibili, kunezizathu zokungabaza ubuqiniso bamanani anikezwe esitsheni.
Ngakho, izici eziyinhloko uwoyela injini "Nsuku zonke".
- Isisekelo. Amafutha ashibhile, i-10W40, asebenzisa isisekelo samaminerali acwengekile, acwengekile njengesisekelo. Ngomkhiqizo we-5W40, isisekelo se-hydrocracking sithathwe.
- Iphakheji elengeziwe. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwe-spectral okwenziwa ilabhorethri ezimele, bobabili basebenzisa izithasiselo ze-ZDDP ze-zinc-phosphorus eseziphelile, kanye ne-calcium njenge-dispersant kanye nenani elincane lezinye izingxenye ezijwayelekile. Ngokunokwenzeka, iphakheji elengeziwe liyi-Oronite evamile yakwaChevron. Amafutha abiza kakhulu we-5W40 anokuqukethwe okuncane kwe-molybdenum, okuthi ngombono kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ezindaweni zokuvikela ze-lubricant.
- I-Viscosity ngokusho kwe-SAE. Endabeni yamafutha abiza kakhulu, i-viscosity ifanelana nesilinganiso futhi ihambelana ngempela nekilasi le-5W40, ngisho ne-margin enhle engxenyeni yasebusika yenkomba. Kodwa i-viscosity yasebusika yamafutha angu-10W40 iphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, lo mkhiqizo ufaneleka kakhulu kuzidingo zezinga le-15W40. Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenza kwasebusika kungase kungaphephile ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-20 °C.
- Ukugunyazwa kwe-API. Yomibili imikhiqizo okukhulunywa ngayo ithobelana nezinga le-API SG/CD. Izinga eliphansi kakhulu elibeka imikhawulo ethile, okuzoxoxwa ngayo ngezansi.
- Izinga lokushisa elibandayo. Uwoyela we-10W40 ulahlekelwa uketshezi kakade ku-25 ° C, futhi u-5W40 ubamba ngempumelelo lapho upholile ukuya ku-45 ° C.
- Iphoyinti le-Flash. Leli nani lisethelwe uwoyela ongu-5W40 ngokocwaningo futhi lingu +228 °C. Lesi yinkomba enhle, isilinganiso samafutha okugcoba asekelwe emikhiqizweni ye-hydrocracking.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukuqaphela okuqukethwe komlotha we-sulfate kanye nenani lesulfure. Emafutheni amabili "Nsuku zonke", lezi zinkomba ocwaningweni zaziphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe. Okusho ukuthi, singasho ukuthi amafutha ahlanzekile impela futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi enze idiphozithi ye-sludge ngesilinganiso sesici se-lubricant yaleli zinga.
Izicelo
Amafutha enjini yamaminerali "Nsuku zonke" 10W40, ukwahlulela ngezici, angasetshenziswa kuphela ngempumelelo ezinjini eziphelelwe yisikhathi ezinezinhlelo zamandla ezilula (i-high-pressure fuel pump ene-nozzles mechanical noma i-carburetor). Naphezu kokuqukethwe kwesulfure ephansi kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha we-sulfate ephansi, amafutha awahambisani neziguquli ze-catalytic noma izihlungi ze-particle. Ukuba khona kwe-turbine enjini ye-diesel akuvimbeli ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, kodwa akudingekile ukukhuluma ngokuvikelwa kwayo okuthembekile.
I-VAZ yakudala kanye nesizukulwane saseSamara siwela endaweni echazwe ngenhla yokusebenza. Kusukela kumodeli we-Kalina, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha akukhuthazwa. Futhi, "Nsuku zonke" nge-viscosity ye-10W40 ingathululelwa ezimotweni zakwamanye amazwe kusukela ezingxenyeni zamanani aphakathi nesabelomali nosuku lokukhiqiza ngaphambi kuka-1993.
Ethuthukisiwe kakhulu, amafutha e-semi-synthetic "Nsuku zonke" 5W40 avunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kubonisa ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu, okusho ukusebenza okuphezulu. Abashisekayo bayisebenzise ezimotweni kusukela ngo-2000 (nangaphezulu) futhi baqinisekise ukuthi azikho izinkinga nge-motor, udinga nje ukuyishintsha kaningi. Kodwa-ke, kulesi simo, ukugcwalisa uwoyela webhajethi enjalo kuyibhizinisi eliyingozi kakhulu.
Izibuyekezo
Ukubuyekezwa mayelana nowoyela wenjini "Nsuku zonke", naphezu kwesimo sengqondo sokuqala sokungabaza mayelana nezinto zokugcoba zomkhiqizi wasekhaya, ngokuvamile, zinomkhuba omuhle.
Abashayeli bezimoto bakhangwa intengo. Izindleko ezimaphakathi zamalitha ama-4 ziyashintshashintsha cishe kuma-ruble angama-500-600, kuye ngeqoqo lamanje. Okusho ukuthi, la mafutha angenye yesabelomali esikhulu kunazo zonke emakethe ngokujwayelekile.
Ekuqaleni, abashayeli abaningi bahleka kancane, becabanga ukuthi imali encane kangaka ayikho into engase isetshenziswe ebhodweni. Kodwa-ke, isipiliyoni sokusebenzisa amaphayona e-daredevil kanye nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kubonise ukuthi ngentengo yawo la mafutha awafanelekile kuphela, kodwa ancintisana nemikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe evela engxenyeni yesabelomali.
Amafutha anokusebenza okusesilinganisweni kwemoto awasetshenziswa kakhulu emfucumfucwini. Ngokushintshwa njalo (njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5-7), ayingcolisi injini.
Lawa mafutha nawo anento eyodwa engaqinisekisiwe, kodwa evame ukukhulunywa ngawo enetheni: ikhwalithi yalo mkhiqizo ingahluka kakhulu kusuka kunqwaba kuya kunqwaba. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokwesaba, ingasetshenziswa kuphela kuma-motors alula.
