Amamodeli we-gearbox MAZ

Izimoto ze-MAZ zifakwe i-yaMZ-238A enamagiya ayisishiyagalombili obubanzi obumbili nama-synchronizers kuwo wonke amagiya ngaphandle kokuhlehla. U-gearbox unogearbox omkhulu onamagiya amabili kanye no gearbox onamagiya amabili owengeziwe (downshift). Idivayisi ye-gearbox ikhonjiswe ku-Fig.44. Ukufakwa kwazo zonke izingxenye ze-gearbox kwenziwa kuma-crankcases amabhokisi amakhulu nangaphezulu, axhunyiwe abese ehlanganiswa ku-clutch house; kwakhiwa iyunithi yamandla eyodwa njengengxenye yenjini, i-clutch kanye ne-gearbox. I-shaft yokufaka engu-1 yebhokisi eliyinhloko igibele amabhola amabili; ama-clutch discs ashayelwa afakwe endaweni engaphambili ehlukanisiwe, futhi isiphetho esingemuva senziwe ngendlela yegiya eliyindandatho yegiya elivamile le-crankcase. I-shaft ephumayo ye-crankcase eyinhloko 5 ihlezi ngaphambili ku-roller eyi-cylindrical efakwe kubhore yegiya ye-shaft yokushayela, nangemuva ku-bearing yebhola ebekwe odongeni olungaphambili lwe-crankcase eyengeziwe. Ukuphela kwangemuva kwe-shaft yesibili kwenziwa ngendlela yomqhele, okuwukubandakanya unomphela kwezindlu ezengeziwe. Amagiya amagiya wesibili nesine we-shaft ephumayo yebhokisi eliyinhloko afakwe kuma-bearings angenalutho enziwe ngendlela ye-steel bushings ene-coating ekhethekile nokufakelwa, futhi amagiya amagiya okuqala nangemuva afakwe kuma-roll bearings. I-shaft ephakathi engu-26 yebhokisi elikhulu ngaphambili ibekwe phezu kwe-roller ebekwe odongeni olungaphambili lwe-crankcase yebhokisi elikhulu, futhi ngemuva - ku-double rowu eyindilinga ebekwe engilazini efakwe odongeni olungemuva lwe-main. izindlu ze-crankcase. Kumagagasi e-crankcase ebhokisi elikhulu, kufakwe i-shaft eyengeziwe yegiya eliphakathi nendawo elibuyela emuva. Igiya lokuhlehla lihambisana nokuyisa ikalishi elihlehlayo elingu-24 phambili ize ihlangane negiya leringi yegiya elingu-25 elihlala lihambisana negiya le-reverse idler. I-shaft yokukhipha engu-15 yebhokisi elengeziwe ihlezi ngaphambili ku-roller eyi-cylindrical etholakala embotsheni yegiya ye-shaft ephumayo yebhokisi elikhulu, ngemuva - kuma-bearings amabili: i-cylindrical roller bear kanye nebhola. , ngokulandelana, zifakwe odongeni olungemuva lwendlu yebhokisi eyengeziwe kanye nekhava ephethe i-shaft ephumayo. Ezingxenyeni zengxenye ephakathi ye-shaft ephumayo yebhokisi elengeziwe, ama-synchronizers shift shift afakiwe, futhi ekugcineni okungemuva okuhlukanisiwe kukhona i-flange yokunamathisela i-cardan shaft. Engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-cylindrical shaft, igiya le-11 lebhokisi elengeziwe lifakwe kuma-cylindrical roller bearings. I-shaft ephakathi nendawo engu-19 yebhokisi eyengeziwe ibekwe ngaphambili ku-roller eyi-cylindrical efakwe odongeni olungaphambili lwendlu yebhokisi eyengeziwe, futhi ngemuva - ku-double rowu eyindilinga ebekwe engilazini efakwe odongeni olungemuva i-sump box eyengeziwe. Igiya lokunciphisa elingu-22 lifakwe ngaphambili ekupheleni kwe-auxiliary crankcase countershaft. Engxenyeni engemuva ye-shaft ephakathi, kwenziwa igiya lendandatho, elihlanganiswe negiya lokunciphisa le-shaft yesibili yebhokisi elengeziwe.

Eminye imininingwane

I-semi-trailer ye-MAZ ku-gearbox system ifakwe i-roller yangaphambili elawula i-lever yesibili efakwe ekhanda lesixhumanisi esithintekayo sokusekela. Ingxenye engaphandle yenduku ehambayo ixhunywe kumshini wokulawula ophakathi ngokusebenzisa induku ye-cardan emide. Ubakaki wokukhweza unamathiselwe kuhlaka lwemoto.

Umkhawulo ophansi we-lever yegiya uxhunywe ku-node efanayo. Indlela yokukhweza: ifana nendlela yangaphambilini. Ingxenye yengalo idlula phansi, iqinisekisa ubuqotho bakho konke okunye ukuxhumana. Lo mklamo ikuvumela ukuthi utshekise i-cab ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlukaniswa nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezikhona kanye nemihlangano.

Idivayisi

I-MAZ-5551 ngaphandle kwe-berth ivulekile kakhulu kunezimoto ze-KamAZ. Ngenxa yezintambo ezibekwe kahle nezitebhisi, ukugibela enqoleni yeloli yokulahla kulula kakhulu. Yiqiniso, i-ergonomics ye-cab ayilona uhlangothi oluqine kakhulu lweloli. Nakuba umcamelo wezihlalo uhamba futhi ikholomu yokuqondisa iyakwazi ukushintshwa ezindizeni ezimbili, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokunethezeka komshayeli. Ingaphakathi lemoto libonakala kahle, kodwa ukungakhululeki kubangela ukukhathala okwenyuka, okubonakala ikakhulukazi ohambweni olude. Isiteringi esikhulukazi asikwengezi ubuntofontofo, njengoba abashayeli abancane kumele bancike phambili ukuze basijike.

Iphaneli yensimbi ye-MAZ-5551 ifundisa kakhulu futhi ilula. Nokho, kukhona futhi nemibi. Inkomba yokukhanya inokukhanya okuphansi, ngakho kunzima ukuyibona emini.

Kodwa-ke, ku-cab yeloli yokulahla, kunezixazululo eziphumelela kakhulu. Indawo yebhokisi ye-fuse ne-relay ngemuva kwedeshibhodi ilula kakhulu futhi kulula ukufika kuyo. Isistimu yokushisisa esebenzayo, i-sunroof kanye nokukhanya kwe-dome ngaphakathi kwekhebhu kuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kokushayela.

Ngenxa yezibuko ezinkulu ezingemuva, ukubonakala nokuphepha kokulawula kwe-MAZ-5551 kuyanda.

Isihlalo somshayeli sine-suspension system futhi silungiseka ngezindlela eziningi. Kodwa-ke, i-cabin namanje ayikhululekile kakhulu, ngoba imoto ayinalo uhlelo lokunciphisa amanani. Isihlalo somgibeli sinamathiselwe ngqo phansi.

UKhayini

Yiziphi izinto ezithakazelisayo abaklami abazenzayo ukuthuthukisa i-ergonomics nokuphathwa kwe-MAZ? Ziningi izinguquko, futhi zonke zijabulisa kakhulu. Ikhabethe likhululekile futhi libanzi. Ngisho nangaphandle kombhede, abagibeli ababili bangahlala kalula lapha, ngaphandle kokubala umshayeli ngokwakhe.

Ama-handrails nezinyathelo eziklanywe kahle zikwenza kusheshe futhi kube lula ukungena emotweni. Isihlalo singanyakaziswa futhi silungiswe; Ngeshwa, isihlalo somgibeli kuphela. Ngo 90s, akuzona zonke izimoto kwadingeka isondo lokuqondisa adjustable, kodwa MAZ-5551 has it. I-drawback yokuqala nayo yaphawulwa ku-cabin - isondo lokuqondisa likhulu kakhulu. Uma umfushane, udinga ukuncika phambili kancane ngejika ngalinye. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukuqanjwa okunjalo kungabhekwa njengokulula.

Ideshibhodi ishiya umbono okabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifundisa kakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inokukhanya okubuthakathaka, ngenxa yokuthi izakhi zomuntu ngamunye zingabonakali phakathi nosuku. Indawo ephephile etholakala kahle, yebo, iyinhlanganisela ye-MAZ-5551. Kodwa-ke, kanye nokushisa okusebenzayo, okwenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngisho nasesithwathwaneni esinamandla. Phakathi komgibeli nomshayeli kukhona indawo encane lapho ungafihla khona izinto ezincane ezihlukahlukene: imibhalo, okhiye, ibhodlela lamanzi, njll.

Iloli MAZ-5551 ikhiqizwa Minsk Automobile Plant iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, kusukela ngo-1985. Naphezu kokuklama kwayo okungeyona into entsha (umanduleli wayo we-MAZ-503 owaqala ukushaya emigwaqeni ngo-1958), iloli yokulahla i-MAZ-5551 ihlala ingenye yamaloli angamathani ayisishiyagalombili ethandwa kakhulu eRussia. Funda ngochungechunge lwe-Kamaz 500 kulesi sihloko.

Ngokwenziwa ngesandla

Incwadi yeziqondiso iqukethe izigaba ezilandelayo:

Izidingo zokuphepha lapho usebenza nale moto

Zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo zibalwe lapha.

Imoto. Lesi sigaba siqukethe ukucaciswa kwenjini, izincomo zokuklama nokugcinwa kwazo.

Ukudluliswa kokutheleleka

Ukusebenza kokudlulisela kuyachazwa futhi kuchazwe kafushane izici zayo eziyinhloko.

I-chassis yezokuthutha. Lesi sigaba sichaza ukwakheka kwe-axle yangaphambili kanye nenduku yokubopha.

Amasistimu okuqondisa, amabhuleki.

Impahla kagesi.

Ukumaka ezokuthutha. Lapho ungayithola khona inombolo kamazisi yemoto ichazwe lapha, ukuqoshwa kwenombolo kunikezwa.

Imithetho yamaloli.

Izici zokusebenza nokugcinwa. Ichaza ukuthi kwenziwa nini futhi kanjani ukunakekela, yiziphi izinhlobo zokunakekela.

Imibandela yokugcina izimoto, imithetho yokuhamba kwazo.

Isikhathi sewaranti kanye nethikithi lezokuthutha.

Iphethini ye-Gearshift

Umdwebo we-gearshift usebhukwini lomnikazi weloli lokulahla. Ushintsho lwenzeka kanje:

1. Ngokusebenzisa i-clutch mechanism, iyunithi yamandla iyanqanyulwa ekudlulisweni kwemoto. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amagiya ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivinini senjini.
2. I-torque idlula ku-clutch block.
3. Amagiya ahlelwe ngokuhambisana ne-axis ye-shaft yedivayisi.
4. I-axle yokuqala ixhunywe ku-clutch mechanism, phezu kwayo kukhona ama-splines. I-drive disk ihamba eduze kwabo.
5. Kusukela ku-shaft, isenzo esijikelezayo sidluliselwa ku-shaft ephakathi, kuhlanganiswe negiya lomshini wokufaka we-shaft.
6. Lapho imodi yokungathathi hlangothi icushiwe, amagiya aqala ukujikeleza ngokukhululekile, futhi ama-clutches e-synchronizer afika endaweni evulekile.
7. Lapho i-clutch icindezelekile, imfoloko ihambisa i-clutch endaweni ehlangene ne-torque etholakala ekupheleni kwegiya.
8. Igiya lihlanganiswe kanye ne-shaft futhi liyayeka ukujikeleza kulo, okuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesenzo namandla okujikeleza.

umdwebo wezintambo

Umdwebo wesekethe kagesi uhlanganisa izici ezifana nalezi:

1. Amabhethri I-voltage yabo ingu-12 V. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukuminyana kwamabhethri.
2. Ijeneretha. Ukufakwa okunjalo kufakwe isilawuli se-voltage esakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye neyunithi yokulungisa. Umklamo we-generator uhlanganisa ama-bearings, isimo sawo esinconywa ukuthi sihlolwe njalo nge-50 km.
3. Qala. Le divayisi iyadingeka ukuqalisa iyunithi yamandla. Iqukethe isembozo sokudlulisa, othintana nabo, amapulaki eziteshi zokugcoba, induku yehange, ingilazi, imithombo yokubamba ibhulashi, izinsimbi, isibambo, itheyiphu yokuzivikela.
4. Idivayisi kagesi. Umsebenzi wayo ukwenza lula ukuqala injini emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
5. Ukushintsha kwebhethri phansi. Amabhethri kufanele axhunywe futhi anqanyulwe kusisindo semoto.
6. Uhlelo lokukhanyisa nokusayina ukukhanya. Ukulawulwa kwezibani, izibani zokusesha, amalambu enkungu, ukukhanya kwangaphakathi.

Izinto eziyinhloko

U-gearbox wakwa-MAZ uhlanganisa i-primary shaft enegiya elifakwe ku-crankcase kuma-ball bearings. Kukhona neshaft ephakathi nendawo. Kusukela ngaphambili, kubukeka njengedivayisi ekuthwaleni kwe-cylindrical roller, futhi kusukela ngemuva, njengozakwabo webhola. Ingxenye yangemuva ivikelwe nge-cast-iron casing, u-gearbox wokuqala nangemuva usikwa ngqo ku-shaft, kanti uhla olusele kanye ne-PTO kungemishini yokushayela enokhiye.

U-gearbox wakwa-MAZ onegiya lokwehlisa ufakwe igiya le-intermediate shaft drive eline-damper edambisayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukudlidliza okuguqulwayo kusuka kuyunithi yamandla kuya endlini yokudlulisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sixazululo sikuvumela ukuthi unciphise umsindo we-gearbox ngokungenzi lutho. Isidingo sokufaka i-absorber shock kungenxa yokufana okunganele kokusebenza kwenjini yohlobo lwe-YaMZ-236.

Izinyo legiya lenziwa ngokwehlukana nehabhu. Inqanyulwa yimithombo yamakhoyili ayisithupha. Ukudlidliza okuyizinsalela kudambiswe ukuwohloka kwezakhi zasentwasahlobo kanye nokungqubuzana ekuhlanganiseni okumanzi.

Uhlelo lwemishini kagesi URAL 4320

Isekhethi kagesi i-URAL 4320 iyintambo eyodwa, lapho amandla angemahle omthombo wamandla kagesi wezinto zokusebenza namadivayisi exhunywe endaweni yemoto. Itheminali enegethivu yebhethri ixhunywe "kubuningi" be-URAL 4320 kusetshenziswa iswishi ekude. Ngezansi kunomdwebo omkhulu wokuxazulula izinto zikagesi ze-URAL 4320.

Uhlelo lwemishini kagesi URAL 4320

Kumdwebo wezinto zikagesi ze-URAL 4320, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezintambo namadivayisi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amapulaki nezixhumi. Ukuze kube lula, imibala yezintambo ezikumdwebo wemishini kagesi ye-URAL 4320 yethulwa ngombala.

Ukulungiswa kwendawo yokuhlola i-YaMZ-238A MAZ

Ukunakekelwa kokudluliselwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlola izinga likawoyela nokufaka esikhundleni salo ku-crankcase. Izinga lamafutha ku-crankcase kufanele lihambisane nembobo yokulawula. Amafutha kufanele ashise kuzo zonke izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Ngemuva kokukhipha uwoyela, udinga ukususa isembozo ngaphansi kwe-crankcase, lapho isihlukanisi samafutha wepompo ye-oyili sifakwe umazibuthe, sihlambulule kahle bese siwafaka endaweni.

Uma wenza lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ulayini wamafutha awuvinjwa yi-cap noma i-gasket yayo.

irayisi elilodwa

Ukuze ugeze ibhokisi lika-gearbox, kunconywa ukusebenzisa u-2,5 - 3 wamalitha kawoyela wezimboni I-12A noma i-I-20A ngokuhambisana ne-GOST 20799-75. Nge-lever yokulawula i-gearbox isesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi, injini iqalwa imizuzu engu-7-8, bese iyamiswa, uwoyela oshisayo ukhishwa futhi uwoyela onikezwe imephu yokugcoba uthululelwa ku-gearbox. Akwamukelekile ukuwasha u-gearbox ngophalafini noma ngodizili.

Lapho u-gearbox usebenza, kungenzeka lezi zilungiselelo ezilandelayo:

- isikhundla se-lever 3 (bheka Fig. 1) amagiya aguquguqukayo ekuqondeni kwe-longitudinal;

- isikhundla se-lever yegiya ekuqondeni okuphambene;

- idivayisi yokukhiya i-longitudinal thrust yezinto ze-telescopic.

Ukuze ulungise i-angle yokuthambekela kwe-lever З ohlangothini lwe-longitudinal, kuyadingeka ukukhulula amantongomane kuma-bolts 6 futhi, ukuhambisa induku 4 ohlangothini lwe-axial, ulungise i-angle ye-lever cishe ku-85 ° (bheka Fig. . 1) endaweni engathathi hlangothi ku-gearbox.

Ukulungiswa kwesikhundla se-lever ekuqondeni okuphambene kwenziwa ngokushintsha ubude be-transverse isixhumanisi 17, okudingeka ukuthi unqamule elinye lamathiphu 16 futhi, ngemva kokukhipha amantongomane, ulungise ubude besixhumanisi. ukuze i-lever yokulawula i-gearbox, isesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi, ngokumelene namagiya 6 - 2 no-5 - 1 ibe ne-engeli ecishe ibe ngu-90˚ enendiza evundlile yekhebhu (endizeni ephambanayo yemoto).

Ukulungiswa kwedivayisi yokukhiya igiya kufanele kwenziwe kanje:

- phakamisa i-cab;

- nqamula iphinikhodi 23 futhi unqamule induku yesi-4 kumfoloko 22;

- hlanza icici 25 kanye nenduku yangaphakathi kusuka kugrisi endala nokungcola;

- phusha intonga yangaphakathi kuze kube yilapho umkhono wokumisa uchofoza u-15;

- vula i-nati yecici 25 futhi, ufake i-screwdriver emseleni wenduku yesixhumanisi sangaphakathi, uyivule kuze kube yilapho i-angular play of icici inyamalala;

- ukuvimbela induku 24 ekuphendukeni, qinisa i-locknut;

- hlola ikhwalithi yokulingana. Lapho umkhono wokukhiya 21 uya ngasentwasahlobo 19, induku engaphakathi kufanele inwebe ngaphandle kokunamathela ubude bayo obugcwele, futhi lapho induku icindezelwa yonke indawo emigodini, umkhono wokukhiya kufanele uhambe ngokucacile "ngokuchofoza" kuze kube umkhono. iphumula ngokumelene ne-protrusion engezansi yecici.

Lapho ulungisa idrayivu, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe:

- yenza izinguquko nge-cab ephakanyisiwe futhi injini icishiwe;

- gwema ama-kinks nama-kinks wezintambo ezihambayo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi;

- ukuze ugweme ukuphuka, xhuma i-stem 4 nemfoloko 22 ukuze imbobo ecicini le-pin 23 ibe ngaphezu kwe-axis longitudinal ye-stem 4;

- hlola indawo engathathi hlangothi yebhokisi le-gearbox enekhebhu ephakanyiswe ukunyakaza kwamahhala kwe-lever 18 yomshini wokushintsha igiya endaweni ephambanayo (ngokuhlobene ne-axis longitudinal yemoto). I-Roller 12 endaweni engathathi hlangothi yebhokisi inokunyakaza kwe-axial ka-30 - 35 mm, kuyilapho ukucindezelwa kwentwasahlobo kuzwakala.

Ukulungiswa kwe-gearbox drive okuchazwe ngenhla kumele kwenziwe uma ukhipha futhi ufaka injini nekhebhu.

Idivayisi ye-MAZ gearbox: izinhlobo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza

Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-gearbox ye-MAZ injini, ukunikeza izincomo zokulungisa, futhi sibonise isikimu sokushintsha igiya le-MAZ nesihlukanisi, ongafunda futhi ufunde ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuqokwa kwendawo yokuhlola

Ku-gearbox kukhona into efana negiya, imvamisa iba miningi, ixhumeke ku-gear lever kanti kungenxa yazo ukushintsha igiya. Ukushintsha amagiya kulawula isivinini semoto.

Ngakho, ngamanye amazwi, amagiya angamagiya. Zinosayizi abahlukene kanye nesivinini sokuzungeza esihlukile. Phakathi nomsebenzi, omunye unamathela kwenye. Uhlelo lomsebenzi onjalo lubangelwa ukuthi igiya elikhulu linamathele elincane, kwandisa ukujikeleza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ijubane lemoto ye-MAZ. Ezimweni lapho igiya elincane linamathela kwelinye elikhulu, ijubane, ngokuphambene nalokho, liyehla. Ibhokisi linezivinini ezingu-4 kanye nokuhlehla. Eyokuqala ibhekwa njengephansi kakhulu futhi ngokungezwa kwegiya ngalinye, imoto iqala ukuhamba ngokushesha.

Ibhokisi litholakala emotweni ye-MAZ phakathi kwe-crankshaft ne-cardan shaft. Eyokuqala iphuma ngqo enjinini. Owesibili uxhumeke ngqo emasondweni futhi ushayela umsebenzi wawo. Uhlu lwemisebenzi eholela ekulawuleni isivinini:

1. Injini ishayela ugesi kanye ne-crankshaft.
2. Amagiya aku-gearbox athola isignali bese eqala ukunyakaza.
3. Esebenzisa igiya lever, umshayeli ukhetha isivinini asifunayo.
4. Ijubane elikhethwe umshayeli lidluliselwa ku-cardan shaft, oshayela amasondo.
5. Imoto iyaqhubeka nokuhamba ngesivinini esikhethiwe.

Umdwebo wedivaysi

Uhlelo lwe-gearshift lwe-gearbox ene-dider ku-MAZ alulula, kodwa luzokusiza kakhulu lapho ulungisa. I-gearbox yesinyathelo ku-MAZ iqukethe izinto ezifana ne-crankcase, shafts, udaka, ama-synchronizers, amagiya nezinye izinto ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo.

9 isivinini

Iyunithi enjalo ifakiwe, ezimweni eziningi, emalolini noma ezimotweni ezizobe zingaphansi kwethrafikhi ephezulu.

9-isivinini gearbox

8 isivinini

Le yunithi, njengokwandulelayo, idumile ngemishini enomthwalo omkhulu.

8-isivinini gearbox

5 isivinini

Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwezimoto.

5-isivinini gearbox

Izincomo zokulungisa

Ingabe ufuna ukugcina ibhokisi lakho lokuhlukanisa lisesimweni esihle iminyaka ezayo? Khona-ke udinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo nokulawula. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha umsebenzi wezinto ezinjengamagiya, udaka, i-lever yokulawula ngokwayo, njll. Kwake kwenzeka yini ukuthi ukuwohloka akunakugwenywa? Sizokunikeza izincomo ezilandelayo zokuzilungisa:

zijwayeze umdwebo nemiyalo yomshini wakho ngokuningiliziwe;

ukwenza ukulungisa, kufanele uqale ususe ngokuphelele ibhokisi futhi kuphela ngemva kwalokho ungaqhubeka nokulungisa;

ngemva kokususwa, ungajahi ukuyiqaqa ngokuphelele, ngezinye izikhathi inkinga ingaphezulu, qaphela ngokukhethekile yonke imininingwane, uma ubona "ukuziphatha" okusolisayo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi inkinga ikulesi sici;

uma kusadingeka uhlakaze ibhokisi ngokuphelele, faka zonke izingxenye ngokulandelana kwe-disassembly ukuze ungadideki lapho uphakamisa.

Kulesi sihloko, kucatshangelwe uhlelo lokushintsha igiya lwe-MAZ yazo zonke izinhlobo. Sithemba ukuthi ulwazi lube usizo kuwe ekulungiseni. Kwangathi ibhokisi lakho lingakusiza iminyaka ezayo!

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Ukuqhekeka okungenzeka

Ukungasebenzi kahle kokudluliselwa ku-YaMZ 236 kungaba yilolu hlelo olulandelayo:

• ukubonakala komsindo ongaphandle;
• ukunciphisa inani lamafutha athululelwa ebhokisini;
• ukufakwa okunzima kwesivinini;
• ukuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo izindlela zejubane eliphezulu;
• I-crankcase fluid iyavuza.

Nganoma yikuphi kwalokhu kubonakaliswa, kuhle ukuthi uhlole ngokuzimela izinga lamafutha ebhokisini, ukuthi zonke izikulufa ezifakiwe kanye namantongomane ziqiniswa kangakanani. Uma lokhu kungeyona inkinga, imoto kufanele ithunyelwe esikhungweni senkonzo ukuze ixilongwe. Lapha, izingcweti kumele, usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile, ukuhlola ubuqotho izingxenye gearbox (couplings, bearings, bushings, njll.), ukuhlola ukusebenza futha uwoyela.

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UKUNAKEKISWA KWE-GEARBOX YaMZ-236

Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, hlola ukuxhumeka kwe-gearbox enenjini kanye nesimo sokumiswa kwayo, gcina izinga likawoyela elijwayelekile ku-gearbox bese ulibuyisela nge-TO-2 ngesikhathi.

Izinga lamafutha ku-gearbox akumele liwe ngaphansi konqenqema oluphansi lwembobo yokulawula 3 (Fig. 122). Khipha uwoyela ku-gearbox housing ngenkathi kushisa nge-drain plug 4. Ngemva kokukhipha amafutha, hlanza uzibuthe kupulaki yokudonsa amanzi. Ngemva kokukhipha uwoyela, qaqa izikulufu bese ukhipha ikhava engu-2 endaweni yokufaka iphampu kawoyela, hlanza futhi ushaye isikrini, bese ubuyisela isembozo esikhundleni.

Uma ufaka ikhava yokungenisa, qaphela ukuthi ungavimbeli umugqa wamafutha ngekhava noma i-gasket yayo.

Ilayisi. 122. Amapulagi webhokisi legiya le-YaMZ-236P: 1 umgodi wokugcwalisa uwoyela; I-2-ikhava yokungena kwepompo yamafutha; Izimbobo ezi-3 zokuhlola izinga likawoyela; 4 izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi

Hlanza i-gearbox ngamafutha ezimboni I-12A noma i-I-20A ngokuya nge-GOST 20199 - 88; Thela u-2,5 - 3 wamalitha ku-crankcase, hambisa isivikelo segiya ekungathathi hlangothi, qala injini 1 ... 8 amaminithi, bese uyivala, khipha amafutha ashisayo bese ugcwalisa futhi. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukugeza i-gearbox ngophethiloli noma udizili ukuze ugweme ukwehluleka kwepompo likawoyela ngenxa yokunganele kokukhipha i-vacuum futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehluleka kwebhokisi. Uma kushintshwa u-gearbox, gcoba iphampu kawoyela ngamafutha asetshenziswa ku-gearbox ngaphambi kokuyifaka.

Lapho udonsa imoto ngenjini esebenza ngokungenzi lutho, okokufaka kanye nemishayo ephakathi yebhokisi likagiya ayijikelezi, iphampu kawoyela kuleli cala ayisebenzi futhi ayinikezi i-lubricant kuma-bearings anamazinyo we-shaft yesibili nasezindaweni eziqinile. we-synchronizer shaft, okuzoholela ekuklwebheni ezindaweni ezishelelayo, ukugqokwa kwamasongo e-synchronizer kanye nokwehluleka kwawo wonke ibhokisi legiya. Ukuze udonse, khipha i-clutch futhi ubandakanye ukudlulisela ngegiya eliqondile (lesine), noma unqamule ukudlulisela ku-transmission.

Akuvumelekile ukudonsa imoto ibanga elingaphezu kuka-20 km ngaphandle kokukhipha i-cardan noma ukukhulula i-clutch ngegiya eliqondile.

Ukuze ugweme ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamapheya okungqubuzana, kutuswa ukufudumala i-gearbox ngaphambi kokuqala injini emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-30°C. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, lapho injini imiswa isikhathi eside, khipha amafutha ku-crankcase futhi, ngaphambi kokuqalisa injini, shisa la mafutha bese uwagcwalisa ku-crankcase ngembobo esembozweni engaphezulu.

Ukuze kugudluke kalula futhi kube lula futhi kuvikelwe amazinyo e-countershaft kanye namagiya okuqala nangemuva ekugqokeni kuma-axles, kanye nokuvikela izindandatho ze-synchronizer ekugugeni ukuze ulungise kahle i-clutch futhi uvimbele "ukushayela".

I-MAZ gearbox iwumshini wokushintsha igiya oyingxenye yedivayisi yokudlulisela kanye nesihlukanisi.